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{{Short description|Extinct genus of dinosaurs}}
{{italictitle}}
{{use dmy dates|date=December 2016}}
{{speciesbox
{{speciesbox
| fossil_range = [[Early Cretaceous]], {{fossilrange|120|earliest=127|latest=115}}
| fossil_range = [[Early Cretaceous]], {{fossilrange|125|115}}
| image = Fukui Prefectural Dinosaur Museum 20210504 23.jpg
| name = ''Fukuivenator''
| image_caption = Reconstructed skeleton
| image = Fukuivenator NT small.jpg
| display_parents = 3
| image_width = 250px
| image_caption = Restoration

| genus = Fukuivenator
| genus = Fukuivenator
| parent_authority = Azuma ''et al.'', 2016
| parent_authority = Azuma ''et al.'', 2016
Line 12: Line 11:
| authority = Azuma ''et al.'', 2016
| authority = Azuma ''et al.'', 2016
}}
}}
{{distinguish|Fukuiraptor}}


'''''Fukuivenator''''' ("hunter of [[Fukui Prefecture]]") is an extinct [[genus]] of [[Coelurosauria|coelurosaurian]] [[theropod]] [[dinosaur]] from the [[Early Cretaceous]] of [[Japan]]. <ref name="Nature - 23 February 2016 - A bizarre theropod from the Early Cretaceous of Japan highlighting mosaic evolution among coelurosaurians">{{cite news|url=http://www.nature.com/articles/srep20478|title=A bizarre theropod from the Early Cretaceous of Japan highlighting mosaic evolution among coelurosaurians|date=23 February 2016|work=[[Nature (journal)|Nature]]|accessdate=8 June 2016}}</ref>
'''''Fukuivenator''''' ("hunter of [[Fukui Prefecture]]") is an extinct [[genus]] of [[maniraptoran]] [[theropod]] [[dinosaur]] from the [[Early Cretaceous]] of [[Japan]].


==Discovery and Naming==
==Discovery and naming==
[[File:Fukuivenator skeleton and stratigraphy.jpg|thumb|left|Skeletal reconstruction and stratigraphic map]]
The [[type species]] '''''Fukuivenator paradoxus''''' was in 2016 named and described by Yoichi Azuma, [[Xu Xing (paleontologist)|Xu Xing]], Masateru Shibata, Soichiro Kawabe, Kazunori Miyata and Takuya Imai. The generic name combines a reference to the Fukui prefecture with [[Latin]] ''venator'', "hunter". The [[specific name (zoology)|specific name]] refers to the paradoxical combination of traits shown by the species.
The [[type species]] '''''Fukuivenator paradoxus''''' was named and described in 2016 by Yoichi Azuma, [[Xu Xing (paleontologist)|Xu Xing]], Masateru Shibata, Soichiro Kawabe, Kazunori Miyata and Takuya Imai. The generic name combines a reference to the Fukui prefecture with [[Latin]] ''venator'', "hunter". The [[specific name (zoology)|specific name]] refers to the paradoxical combination of traits shown by the species.


The rocks in which the skeleton of ''Fukuivenator'', [[holotype]] '''FPDM-V8461''', was found in August 2007 belong to the [[Kitadani Formation]], which is probably of [[Barremian]] or [[Aptian]] age. Radiometric dating of nearby rock units has given this formation an estimated age of somewhere between 127 and 115 million years old. The holotype consists of a partial skeleton with skull. The skeleton of ''F. paradoxus'' is currently the most complete non-avian dinosaur fossil found in Japan. The remains, including about 160 bones and bone fragments, were not found in articulation and recovered from an area of fifty by fifty centimetres.<ref name=Fukuivenator/>
The rocks in which the skeleton of ''Fukuivenator'', [[holotype]] '''FPDM-V8461''', was found in August 2007 belong to the [[Kitadani Formation]], which is probably of [[Barremian]] or [[Aptian]] age. Radiometric dating of nearby rock units has given this formation an estimated age of somewhere between 127 and 115 million years old. The holotype consists of a partial skeleton with skull. The skeleton of ''F. paradoxus'' is currently the most complete non-avian dinosaur fossil found in Japan. The remains, including about 160 bones and bone fragments, were not found in articulation and recovered from an area of {{convert|50x50|cm|in}}.<ref name=Fukuivenator/>


==Description==
==Description==
[[File:Fukuivenator skull.jpg|thumb|left|Skull elements]]
''Fukuivenator'' had an estimated length of 245 centimetres and an estimated weight of twenty-five kilogrammes. Distinctive traits include spatulate teeth in the front [[praemaxilla]]e, pointed, recurved and unserrated teeth in the maxillae and a long neck with elongated neck vertebrae.<ref name=Fukuivenator/>
''Fukuivenator'' had an estimated length of {{convert|2.45|m|ft}} and an estimated weight of {{convert|25|kg}}. Distinctive traits include spatulate teeth in the front [[praemaxilla]]e, pointed, recurved and unserrated teeth in the maxillae and a long neck with elongated neck vertebrae.<ref name=Fukuivenator/>


==Classification==
The anatomy of ''Fukuivenator'' shows a unique combination of primitive and advanced [[coelurosauria]]n features. A [[phylogenetic analysis]] performed by the research team that described ''Fukuivenator'' found it to be a primitive member of the group [[Maniraptoriformes]], in an [[polytomy|unresolved position equally closely related to]] [[Ornithomimosauria|ornithomimosaurs]], [[maniraptora]]ns, and ''[[Ornitholestes]]''. Several similarities with the [[Dromaeosauridae]] were explained as a case of [[convergent evolution]].<ref name=Fukuivenator>Azuma, Y., Xu X., Shibata, M., Kawabe, S., Miyata, K., and Imai, T. 2016. "A bizarre theropod from the Early Cretaceous of Japan highlighting mosaic evolution among coelurosaurians." ''Scientific Reports'', '''6'''(20478). {{doi|10.1038/srep20478}}</ref>
[[File:Fukuivenator (Therizinosauria).png|thumb|''Fukuivenator'' restored as a [[Basal (phylogenetics)|basal]] [[Therizinosauria|therizinosaur]]]]
The anatomy of ''Fukuivenator'' shows a unique combination of primitive and advanced [[coelurosauria]]n features. A [[phylogenetic analysis]] performed by the research team that described ''Fukuivenator'' found it to be a primitive member of the group [[Maniraptoriformes]], in an [[polytomy|unresolved position equally closely related to]] [[Ornithomimosauria|ornithomimosaurs]], [[maniraptora]]ns, and ''[[Ornitholestes]]''. Several similarities with the [[Dromaeosauridae]] were explained as a case of [[convergent evolution]].<ref name=Fukuivenator>Azuma, Y., Xu X., Shibata, M., Kawabe, S., Miyata, K., and Imai, T. 2016. "A bizarre theropod from the Early Cretaceous of Japan highlighting mosaic evolution among coelurosaurians". ''Scientific Reports'', '''6'''(20478). {{doi|10.1038/srep20478}}</ref> A 2021 study determined it a basal member of the [[Therizinosauria|therizinosaurs]], as shown below:<ref name="FukuivenatorMonograph2022">{{cite journal | last1 = Hattori | first1 = S. | last2 = Kawabe | first2 = S. | last3 = Imai | first3 = T. | last4 = Shibata | first4 = M. | last5 = Miyata | first5 = K. | last6 = Xu | first6 = X. | last7 = Azuma | first7 = Y. | year = 2021 | title = Osteology of ''Fukuiraptor paradoxus'': A bizarre maniraptoran theropod from the Early Cretaceous of Fukui, Japan | url = https://www.dinosaur.pref.fukui.jp/archive/memoir/memoir020-001.pdf | journal = Memoir of the Fukui Prefectural Dinosaur Museum | volume = 20 | pages = 1–82 }}</ref>


{{clade |style=font-size:85%; line-height:85%
==Diet==
|label1=[[Coelurosauria]]
|1={{clade
|1=''[[Bicentenaria]]''
|2={{clade
|1=''[[Zuolong]]''
|2={{clade
|1=[[Tyrannosauroidea]]
|2={{clade
|1=''[[Tugulusaurus]]''
|2={{clade
|1=''[[Ornitholestes]]''
|2={{clade
|1=[[Compsognathidae]] |label2=[[Maniraptoriformes]]
|2={{clade
|1=[[Ornithomimosauria]]
|label2=[[Maniraptora]] |2={{clade
|1=[[Alvarezsauria]]
|2={{clade
|label1=[[Therizinosauria]] |1={{clade
|1='''''Fukuivenator'''''
|2={{clade
|1=''[[Falcarius]]''
|label2=[[Therizinosauroidea]] |2={{clade
|1=''[[Beipiaosaurus]]''
|2={{clade
|1=''[[Alxasaurus]]''
|2={{clade
|1=''[[Erliansaurus]]''
|2=[[Therizinosauridae]]}}}}}}}}}}
|label2=[[Pennaraptora]] |2={{clade
|1=[[Oviraptorosauria]]
|label2=[[Paraves]] |2={{clade
|1=[[Deinonychosauria]]
|2=[[Avialae]]}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}

Another enigmatic maniraptoran, ''[[Migmanychion]]'', is supported as the closest taxon to ''Fukuivenator'' based on phylogenetic analyses:<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Wang |first1=Xuri |last2=Cau |first2=Andrea |last3=Wang |first3=Zhengdong |last4=Yu |first4=Kaifeng |last5=Wu |first5=Wenhao |last6=Wang |first6=Yang |last7=Liu |first7=Yichuan |date=2023-06-05 |title=A new theropod dinosaur from the Lower Cretaceous Longjiang Formation of Inner Mongolia (China) |journal=[[Cretaceous Research]] |volume=151 |language=en |pages=105605 |doi=10.1016/j.cretres.2023.105605 |issn=0195-6671|doi-access=free }}</ref>

{{clade
|{{clade
|label1=[[Tyrannosauroidea]]
|1={{clade
|1=''[[Guanlong]]'' <div style="{{MirrorH}}">[[File:Guanlong wucaii by durbed.jpg|65px]]</div>
|2={{clade
|1=''[[Tanycolagreus]]'' <div style="{{MirrorH}}">[[File:Tanycolagreus reconstruction.png|80px]]</div>
|2=''[[Coelurus]]'' [[File:Coelurus BW.jpg|80px]]}} }}
|3={{clade
|1={{clade
|1=''[[Ornitholestes]]'' <div style="{{MirrorH}}">[[File:Ornitholestes reconstruction.png|80px]]</div>
|2={{clade
|1=[[Therizinosauroidea]] <div style="{{MirrorH}}">[[File:Therizinosaurus Restoration.png|70px]]</div>
|2={{clade
|1={{clade
|1=''[[Migmanychion]]'' [[File:Migmanychion UDL.png|80px]]
|2='''''Fukuivenator''''' <div style="{{MirrorH}}">[[File:Fukuivenator (Therizinosauria).png|80px]]</div> }}
|3={{clade
|1={{clade
|1=[[Ornithomimosauria]] <div style="{{MirrorH}}">[[File:Qiupalong Restoration.png|75px]]</div>
|2=[[Alvarezsauroidea]] <div style="{{MirrorH}}">[[File:Mononykus Restoration.png|75px]]</div> }}
|label3=[[Pennaraptora]]
|3={{clade
|1=[[Oviraptorosauria]] <div style="{{MirrorH}}">[[File:Citipati osmolskae Restoration.png|70px]]</div>
|label2=[[Paraves]]
|2={{clade
|1=[[Dromaeosauridae]] <div style="{{MirrorH}}">[[File:Deinonychus ewilloughby.png|85px]]</div>
|2={{clade
|1=[[Troodontidae]] <div style="{{MirrorH}}">[[File:Zanabazar.jpg|70px]]</div>
|2=[[Avialae]] [[File:Meyers grosses Konversations-Lexikon - ein Nachschlagewerk des allgemeinen Wissens (1908) (Antwerpener Breiftaube).jpg|35px]]
}} }} }} }} }} }} }} }} }}|label1=[[Coelurosauria]]}}

==Paleobiology==
[[File:フクイベナートル全身骨格.jpg|thumb|Older [[dromaeosaur]]-like skeleton reconstruction]]
===Diet===
Because of the long neck and the [[heterodont]] unserrated teeth, the probably foremost of which had flattened outer ends, the describing authors suggested that ''Fukuivenator'' was no longer a pure carnivore but had adapted itself to a herbivorous or at least [[omnivorous]] diet.<ref name=Fukuivenator/>
Because of the long neck and the [[heterodont]] unserrated teeth, the probably foremost of which had flattened outer ends, the describing authors suggested that ''Fukuivenator'' was no longer a pure carnivore but had adapted itself to a herbivorous or at least [[omnivorous]] diet.<ref name=Fukuivenator/>


==Notes==
==See also==
*[[2016 in paleontology]]

==References==
{{wikispecies|Fukuivenator}}
{{commons category|Fukuivenator}}
{{reflist}}
{{reflist}}


{{Portal|Dinosaurs}}
[[Category:Coelurosaurs]]
{{Maniraptora|M.}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q22927446}}

[[Category:Maniraptora]]
[[Category:Fossil taxa described in 2016]]
[[Category:Fossil taxa described in 2016]]
[[Category:Extinct animals of Japan]]
[[Category:Early Cretaceous dinosaurs of Asia]]
[[Category:Dinosaurs of Japan]]

Latest revision as of 07:57, 17 October 2024

Fukuivenator
Temporal range: Early Cretaceous, 125–115 Ma
Reconstructed skeleton
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Clade: Dinosauria
Clade: Saurischia
Clade: Theropoda
Clade: Maniraptoriformes
Clade: Maniraptora
Genus: †Fukuivenator
Azuma et al., 2016
Species:
†F. paradoxus
Binomial name
†Fukuivenator paradoxus
Azuma et al., 2016
Not to be confused with Fukuiraptor.

Fukuivenator ("hunter of Fukui Prefecture") is an extinct genus of maniraptoran theropod dinosaur from the Early Cretaceous of Japan.

Discovery and naming

[edit]
Skeletal reconstruction and stratigraphic map

The type species Fukuivenator paradoxus was named and described in 2016 by Yoichi Azuma, Xu Xing, Masateru Shibata, Soichiro Kawabe, Kazunori Miyata and Takuya Imai. The generic name combines a reference to the Fukui prefecture with Latin venator, "hunter". The specific name refers to the paradoxical combination of traits shown by the species.

The rocks in which the skeleton of Fukuivenator, holotype FPDM-V8461, was found in August 2007 belong to the Kitadani Formation, which is probably of Barremian or Aptian age. Radiometric dating of nearby rock units has given this formation an estimated age of somewhere between 127 and 115 million years old. The holotype consists of a partial skeleton with skull. The skeleton of F. paradoxus is currently the most complete non-avian dinosaur fossil found in Japan. The remains, including about 160 bones and bone fragments, were not found in articulation and recovered from an area of 50 by 50 centimetres (20 in × 20 in).[1]

Description

[edit]
Skull elements

Fukuivenator had an estimated length of 2.45 metres (8.0 ft) and an estimated weight of 25 kilograms (55 lb). Distinctive traits include spatulate teeth in the front praemaxillae, pointed, recurved and unserrated teeth in the maxillae and a long neck with elongated neck vertebrae.[1]

Classification

[edit]
Fukuivenator restored as a basal therizinosaur

The anatomy of Fukuivenator shows a unique combination of primitive and advanced coelurosaurian features. A phylogenetic analysis performed by the research team that described Fukuivenator found it to be a primitive member of the group Maniraptoriformes, in an unresolved position equally closely related to ornithomimosaurs, maniraptorans, and Ornitholestes. Several similarities with the Dromaeosauridae were explained as a case of convergent evolution.[1] A 2021 study determined it a basal member of the therizinosaurs, as shown below:[2]

Coelurosauria

Another enigmatic maniraptoran, Migmanychion, is supported as the closest taxon to Fukuivenator based on phylogenetic analyses:[3]

Coelurosauria

Paleobiology

[edit]
Older dromaeosaur-like skeleton reconstruction

Diet

[edit]

Because of the long neck and the heterodont unserrated teeth, the probably foremost of which had flattened outer ends, the describing authors suggested that Fukuivenator was no longer a pure carnivore but had adapted itself to a herbivorous or at least omnivorous diet.[1]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
Wikispecies has information related to Fukuivenator.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Fukuivenator.
  1. ^ a b c d Azuma, Y., Xu X., Shibata, M., Kawabe, S., Miyata, K., and Imai, T. 2016. "A bizarre theropod from the Early Cretaceous of Japan highlighting mosaic evolution among coelurosaurians". Scientific Reports, 6(20478). doi:10.1038/srep20478
  2. ^ Hattori, S.; Kawabe, S.; Imai, T.; Shibata, M.; Miyata, K.; Xu, X.; Azuma, Y. (2021). "Osteology of Fukuiraptor paradoxus: A bizarre maniraptoran theropod from the Early Cretaceous of Fukui, Japan" (PDF). Memoir of the Fukui Prefectural Dinosaur Museum. 20: 1–82.
  3. ^ Wang, Xuri; Cau, Andrea; Wang, Zhengdong; Yu, Kaifeng; Wu, Wenhao; Wang, Yang; Liu, Yichuan (5 June 2023). "A new theropod dinosaur from the Lower Cretaceous Longjiang Formation of Inner Mongolia (China)". Cretaceous Research. 151: 105605. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2023.105605. ISSN 0195-6671.
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