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{{Infobox settlement |
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{{Geobox | Settlement |
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| name = Kuks |
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| other_name = |
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| settlement_type = [[Obec|Municipality]] |
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<!-- images --> |
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| category = Village |
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| image_skyline = Zámek - hospital Kuks.jpg |
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<!-- *** Image *** --> |
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| image_caption = Kuks Hospital |
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| image_flag = Kuks (okres Trutnov) vlajka.jpg |
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| image_shield = Kuks (okres Trutnov).png |
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<!-- *** Symbols *** --> |
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<!-- location --> |
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| flag = |
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| subdivision_type = Country |
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| subdivision_name = {{CZE}} |
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<!-- *** Name *** --> |
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| subdivision_type1 = [[Regions of the Czech Republic|Region]] |
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| etymology = |
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| subdivision_name1 = [[Hradec Králové Region|Hradec Králové]] |
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| official_name = |
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| subdivision_type2 = [[Districts of the Czech Republic|District]] |
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| motto = |
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| subdivision_name2 = [[Trutnov District|Trutnov]] |
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| nickname = |
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<!-- |
<!-- maps and coordinates --> |
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| image_map = |
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| map_caption = |
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| pushpin_map = Czech Republic |
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| pushpin_relief = 1 |
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| region = [[Hradec Králové Region|Hradec Králové]] |
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| pushpin_map_caption = Location in the Czech Republic |
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| coordinates = {{coord|50|24|6|N|15|53|22|E|display=inline,title}} |
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| district = [[Trutnov District|Trutnov]] |
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| coordinates_footnotes = |
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| district_type = [[Districts of the Czech Republic|District]] |
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<!-- government type, leaders --> |
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| municipality = Dvůr Králové nad Labem |
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| leader_title = Mayor |
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| municipality_type = Little District |
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| leader_name = Jiří Beran |
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<!-- *** Family *** --> |
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<!-- established --> |
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| part = |
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| established_title = First mentioned |
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| established_date = 1713 |
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<!-- *** Locations *** --> |
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<!-- area --> |
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| location = |
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| area_footnotes = |
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| area_total_km2 = 4.84 |
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<!-- elevation --> |
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| lat_m = 24 |
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| elevation_footnotes = |
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| elevation_m = 283 |
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<!-- population --> |
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| long_d = 15 |
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| population_as_of = 2024-01-01 |
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| population_footnotes = <ref>{{cite web |title=Population of Municipalities – 1 January 2024|url=https://www.czso.cz/csu/czso/population-of-municipalities-qexb0dqr2d|publisher=[[Czech Statistical Office]]|date=2024-05-17}}</ref> |
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| long_s = 26 |
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| population_total = 263 |
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| population_density_km2 = auto |
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| highest = |
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<!-- time zone(s) --> |
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| highest_elevation = |
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| timezone1 = [[Central European Time|CET]] |
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| highest_lat_d = |
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| utc_offset1 = +1 |
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| timezone1_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]] |
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| utc_offset1_DST = +2 |
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| lowest_elevation = |
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<!-- postal codes, area code --> |
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| lowest_lat_d = |
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| postal_code_type = Postal code |
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| postal_code = 544 43 |
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<!-- *** Dimensions *** --> |
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| area_code_type = |
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| area_code = |
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<!-- |
<!-- website, footnotes --> |
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| website = {{URL|https://www.kuks.cz/}} |
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| footnotes = |
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| population_density = auto |
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<!-- *** History & management *** --> |
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| established = 1692 |
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| established_type = First mentioned |
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| mayor = Jiří Beran |
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<!-- *** Codes *** --> |
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| timezone = [[Central European Time|CET]] |
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| utc_offset = +1 |
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| timezone_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]] |
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| utc_offset_DST = +2 |
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| postal_code = 544 43 |
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| area_code = |
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| code = |
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<!-- *** Free frields *** --> |
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| free = |
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<!-- *** Maps *** --> |
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| map = Czechia - outline map.svg |
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| map_background = Czechia - background map.png |
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| map_caption = Location in the Czech Republic |
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| map_locator = Czechia |
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<!-- *** Websites *** --> |
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| commons = Kuks |
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| statistics = |
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| website = {{URL|http://www.kuks.cz/}} |
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<!-- *** Footnotes *** --> |
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| footnotes = |
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}} |
}} |
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'''Kuks''' ( |
'''Kuks''' ({{langx|de|Kukus}}) is a municipality and village in [[Trutnov District]] in the [[Hradec Králové Region]] of the [[Czech Republic]]. It has about 300 inhabitants. It lies on the [[Elbe]] river. Its main feature is a Baroque [[spa]] building with famous [[sculpture]]s by [[Matthias Braun]]. The village with the Baroque complex is protected by law as a [[Cultural monument (Czech Republic)#Monument reservations|monument reservation]]. |
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==Administrative parts== |
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The village of Kašov is an administrative part of Kuks. |
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[[File:Kuks from air 4.jpg|left|thumb|300 px|Kuks Hospital from air]] |
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On the slope of the [[Elbe]] in Kuks, there used to be mineral springs. In 1692-1696, Count [[Franz Anton von Sporck]], the owner of the county, directed three of them at one place and built a simple spa. When the healing effects of the water were proven by professors of [[Charles University]] and experts from [[Baden-Baden]], Špork enlarged the spa in 1707-1722 with an octagonal [[Church (building)|Church]] of Holy Trinity, a [[hospital]], [[theatre]] and other buildings in the [[Baroque]] style. The interiors and exteriors were decorated with [[Baroque]] [[sculpture]]s by [[Matthias Braun]], the most famous of which are the [[Virtue]]s and [[Vice]]s. The German Count Georg Ludwig Albrecht von Rantzau stayed in Kuks (Kukus-Bad) together with the Duke and Duchess of Brunswick in 1726. In his memoirs, he calls this place the most pleasant and comfortable spa in Europe<ref>[ https://books.google.de/books?id=9gZcAAAAcAAJ&printsec=frontcover&hl=de&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q=Kuckes-Badt%20Boh%C3%AAme%20Comte%20Sporck%20agr%C3%A9able%20Europe%20prennent%20bains&f=false Rantzow, George Louis Albert. "Mémoires du comte de Rantzow" p. 15, Oxford Univ.; German translation: "Die Memoiren des Grafen von Rantzau" p. 6]</ref>. |
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==Etymology== |
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Špork died in 1738 and his heirs were not interested in maintaining the spa. A [[flood]] in 1740 destroyed most of the infrastructure and put the spa out of business. The Hospital, Church, and Pharmacy buildings have been preserved, along with historic furnishings, and are considered masterpieces of the Baroque. Braun's exterior sculptures also survive, but have been fast [[Erosion|eroding]] due to the action of water, from [[rain]]fall and moisture rising from the ground. For this reason, the Kuks Forest Sculptures were listed in the [[2000 World Monuments Watch]] by the [[World Monuments Fund]].<ref>[http://www.wmf.org/project/kuks-forest-sculptures World Monuments Fund - Kuks Forest Sculptures]</ref> With the financial support of [[American Express]], pump boxes were installed to drive groundwater away from the sculptures and low-lying vegetation was removed to enhance air circulation in the damp wooded environment. |
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The name is probably derived from the Old German word for share of mining revenue. According to another theory, the word meant ore smelting remains.<ref name=history>{{cite web |title=Historie|url=https://www.kuks.cz/obec-174/informace-o-obci/historie/|publisher=Obec Kuks|language=cs|access-date=2021-09-24}}</ref> |
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==Geography== |
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{{clear|left}} |
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Kuks is located about {{convert|18|km}} south of [[Trutnov]] and {{convert|21|km|abbr=on}} north of [[Hradec Králové]]. It lies on the border of three geomorphological regions: the lowlands of [[East Elbe Table]] and [[Orlice Table]], and the undulating landscape of the [[Jičín Uplands]]. The highest point is at {{convert|422|m|ft|abbr=on}} above sea level. The [[Elbe]] River flows through the municipality. |
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== History == |
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{{Expand section|date=December 2012}} |
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==History== |
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Until 1918, ''KUKUS'' was part of the [[Austrian monarchy]] (Austria side after the [[compromise of 1867]]), in the ''KÖNIGINHOF - [[Dvůr Králové nad Labem]]'' district, one of the 94 ''Bezirkshauptmannschaften'' in [[Bohemia]].<ref>Die postalischen Abstempelungen auf den österreichischen Postwertzeichen-Ausgaben 1867, 1883 und 1890, Wilhelm KLEIN, 1967</ref> |
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[[File:Kuks from air 4.jpg|thumb|Aerial view of Kuks Hospital]] |
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A post-office was opened in 1869. |
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[[File:Hospital Kuks, zahrada.jpg|thumb|Gardens of the hospital]] |
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Before any settlement was established here, the area was used for [[gold panning]]. The Kuks village was founded after the spa was founded here.<ref name=history/> In 1684, the estate was acquired by Count [[Franz Anton von Sporck]].<ref name=hospital>{{cite web |title=History|url=https://www.hospital-kuks.cz/en/history|publisher=Kuks Hospital|access-date=2021-09-24}}</ref> |
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On the slope of the [[Elbe]] in Kuks, there used to be mineral springs. In 1692–1696, Count Sporck directed three of them at one place and built a simple spa. When the healing effects of the water were proven by professors of the [[Charles-Ferdinand University]] and experts from [[Baden-Baden]], Sporck enlarged the spa.<ref name=history/> |
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In 1938, it was occupied by the Nazi army as one of the [[municipalities in Sudetenland]]. The German-speaking population was [[Expulsion of Germans after World War II|expelled]] in 1945 (see the [[Beneš decrees]]) and replaced by [[Czechs|Czech]] settlers. |
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In 1696, he had built Chapel of the Assumption of the Virgin Mary, followed by chateau in front of it in 1710. In 1707–1715, the [[hospital]] and the Church of the Holy Trinity with the crypt were built. The interiors and exteriors were decorated with Baroque [[sculpture]]s by [[Matthias Braun]], the most famous of which are the ''[[Virtue]]s and [[Vice]]s''. Behind the hospital there was a garden, and the whole complex was closed by a cemetery.<ref name=hospital/> |
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The railroad [[Pardubice]]-[[Jaromer|Jaroměř]]-[[Trutnov]], which goes through Kuks, crossed the border four times within about 40 km. A scanned image of the relevant page from the 1944 German rail [[Public transport timetable|timetable]] can be viewed [http://pkjs.de/bahn/Kursbuch1944/Teil6/503.jpg here]. |
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Sporck died in 1738 and his heirs were not interested in maintaining the spa. A [[flood]] in 1740 destroyed most of the infrastructure and put the spa out of business. Kuks turned into a quiet village with mostly German population. In 1896, the uninhabited chateau burnt down and in 1901, its ruins were demolished.<ref name=hospital/> |
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== Surrounding == |
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More [[Baroque]] statues from [[Matthias Braun]], so-called Bethlehem (Betlém), are in a nearby village of Žireč (part of [[Dvůr Králové nad Labem]]). Other places of interest in the area are in [[Dvůr Králové Zoo]]) and [[Jaromer|Jaroměř]] ([[fortress]]). |
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In 1938, Kuks was annexed by [[Nazi Germany]] and administered as part of the [[Reichsgau Sudetenland]]. After World War II, the German-speaking population was [[Expulsion of Germans from Czechoslovakia|expelled]] and replaced by [[Czechs|Czech]] settlers. |
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==Demographics== |
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{{historical populations |
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|align=none|cols=3 |
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|1869|894 |
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|1880|807 |
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|1890|746 |
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|1900|791 |
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|1910|741 |
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|1921|587 |
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|1930|684 |
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|1950|415 |
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|1961|597 |
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|1970|387 |
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|1980|304 |
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|1991|252 |
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|2001|233 |
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|2011|242 |
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|2021|257 |
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|source=Censuses<ref>{{cite web |title=Historický lexikon obcí České republiky 1869–2011|url=https://csu.gov.cz/produkty/historicky-lexikon-obci-1869-az-2015|publisher=[[Czech Statistical Office]]|language=cs|date=2015-12-21}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Population Census 2021: Population by sex|url=https://vdb.czso.cz/vdbvo2/faces/en/index.jsf?page=vystup-objekt-parametry&z=T&f=TABULKA&sp=A&skupId=4429&katalog=33515&pvo=SLD21001-OB-OK|work=Public Database|publisher=[[Czech Statistical Office]]|date=2021-03-27}}</ref>}} |
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==Transport== |
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Kuks is located on the railway line [[Liberec]]–[[Jaroměř]]. |
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==Sights== |
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[[File:Hospital Kuks, vstup do hrobky.jpg|thumb|160px|Church of the Holy Trinity and the crypt]] |
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The hospital, church, and pharmacy buildings have been preserved, along with historic furnishings, and are considered masterpieces of the Baroque. The complex is nowadays owned by the state. Since 1946, the building of the hospital houses a museum of Baroque art and Czech pharmacy.<ref name=hospital/> |
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Braun's exterior sculptures also survive, but have been fast [[Erosion|eroding]] due to the action of water, from rainfall and moisture rising from the ground. For this reason, the Kuks Forest Sculptures were listed in the [[2000 World Monuments Watch]] by the [[World Monuments Fund]].<ref>[http://www.wmf.org/project/kuks-forest-sculptures World Monuments Fund - Kuks Forest Sculptures]</ref> With the financial support of [[American Express]], pump boxes were installed to drive groundwater away from the sculptures and low-lying vegetation was removed to enhance air circulation in the damp wooded environment. |
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==Notable people== |
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*[[Johann Balzer]] (1738–1799), engraver |
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==References== |
==References== |
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{{ |
{{reflist}} |
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* Rantzow, George Louis Albert, de (German name ''Georg Ludwig Albrecht von Rantzau'', often named Jørgen Ludvig Albert de Rantzow). ''Mémoires du comte de Rantzow'', vol. 1, Pierre Mortier Amsterdam (1741). First translation ever published by Renate Ricarda Timmermann: ''Die Memoiren des Grafen von Rantzau'', vol. 1, Profund-Verlag (2015), ISBN 978-3-932651-14-4 |
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==External links== |
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{{commons category|Kuks}} |
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*{{official|https://www.kuks.cz/en/}} |
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*[https://www.hospital-kuks.cz/en Official website of the Kuks Hospital] |
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*[http://virtualniprohlidky.cz/virtualni-prohlidka/zamek-kuks/ Virtual tour of the Kuks Hospital] |
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*[http://www.zamky-hrady.cz/1/kuks.htm Short information on Kuks Hospital in English] |
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== External links == |
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* {{commonscat-inline|Kuks}} |
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* [http://www.kuks.cz/ Official web site of the Kuks municipality] {{cs icon}} |
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* [http://www.hospital-kuks.cz/en/ Official web site of the Kuks Hospital] |
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* [http://virtualniprohlidky.cz/virtualni-prohlidka/zamek-kuks/ Virtual tour of the Kuks Hospital] |
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* [http://www.zamky-hrady.cz/1/kuks.htm Short information on Kuks Hospital in English] |
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* [http://mapy.atlas.cz/mapviewer/mapviewer.aspx?cy=-1021623&cx=-634513&icon=default&scale=100000&action=zoomto Kuks on a map] |
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{{Trutnov District}} |
{{Trutnov District}} |
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{{ |
{{authority control}} |
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[[Category:Villages in the Czech Republic]] |
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[[Category: |
[[Category:Villages in Trutnov District]] |
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[[Category:Trutnov District]] |
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[[Category:Spa towns in the Czech Republic]] |
[[Category:Spa towns in the Czech Republic]] |
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[[Category:Baroque architecture in the Czech Republic]] |
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Latest revision as of 07:17, 27 October 2024
Kuks | |
|---|---|
 Kuks Hospital | |
_vlajka.jpg) Flag .png) Coat of arms | |
  Kuks Location in the Czech Republic | |
| Coordinates: 50°24′6″N 15°53′22″E / 50.40167°N 15.88944°E | |
| Country |  Czech Republic |
| Region | Hradec Králové |
| District | Trutnov |
| First mentioned | 1713 |
| Government | |
| • Mayor | Jiří Beran |
| Area | |
• Total | 4.84 km2 (1.87 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 283 m (928 ft) |
| Population (2024-01-01)[1] | |
• Total | 263 |
| • Density | 54/km2 (140/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Postal code | 544 43 |
| Website | www |
Kuks (German: Kukus) is a municipality and village in Trutnov District in the Hradec Králové Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 300 inhabitants. It lies on the Elbe river. Its main feature is a Baroque spa building with famous sculptures by Matthias Braun. The village with the Baroque complex is protected by law as a monument reservation.
Administrative parts
[edit]The village of Kašov is an administrative part of Kuks.
Etymology
[edit]The name is probably derived from the Old German word for share of mining revenue. According to another theory, the word meant ore smelting remains.[2]
Geography
[edit]Kuks is located about 18 kilometres (11 mi) south of Trutnov and 21 km (13 mi) north of Hradec Králové. It lies on the border of three geomorphological regions: the lowlands of East Elbe Table and Orlice Table, and the undulating landscape of the Jičín Uplands. The highest point is at 422 m (1,385 ft) above sea level. The Elbe River flows through the municipality.
History
[edit]
Before any settlement was established here, the area was used for gold panning. The Kuks village was founded after the spa was founded here.[2] In 1684, the estate was acquired by Count Franz Anton von Sporck.[3]
On the slope of the Elbe in Kuks, there used to be mineral springs. In 1692–1696, Count Sporck directed three of them at one place and built a simple spa. When the healing effects of the water were proven by professors of the Charles-Ferdinand University and experts from Baden-Baden, Sporck enlarged the spa.[2]
In 1696, he had built Chapel of the Assumption of the Virgin Mary, followed by chateau in front of it in 1710. In 1707–1715, the hospital and the Church of the Holy Trinity with the crypt were built. The interiors and exteriors were decorated with Baroque sculptures by Matthias Braun, the most famous of which are the Virtues and Vices. Behind the hospital there was a garden, and the whole complex was closed by a cemetery.[3]
Sporck died in 1738 and his heirs were not interested in maintaining the spa. A flood in 1740 destroyed most of the infrastructure and put the spa out of business. Kuks turned into a quiet village with mostly German population. In 1896, the uninhabited chateau burnt down and in 1901, its ruins were demolished.[3]
In 1938, Kuks was annexed by Nazi Germany and administered as part of the Reichsgau Sudetenland. After World War II, the German-speaking population was expelled and replaced by Czech settlers.
Demographics
[edit]
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| Source: Censuses[4][5] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Transport
[edit]Kuks is located on the railway line Liberec–Jaroměř.
Sights
[edit]
The hospital, church, and pharmacy buildings have been preserved, along with historic furnishings, and are considered masterpieces of the Baroque. The complex is nowadays owned by the state. Since 1946, the building of the hospital houses a museum of Baroque art and Czech pharmacy.[3]
Braun's exterior sculptures also survive, but have been fast eroding due to the action of water, from rainfall and moisture rising from the ground. For this reason, the Kuks Forest Sculptures were listed in the 2000 World Monuments Watch by the World Monuments Fund.[6] With the financial support of American Express, pump boxes were installed to drive groundwater away from the sculptures and low-lying vegetation was removed to enhance air circulation in the damp wooded environment.
Notable people
[edit]- Johann Balzer (1738–1799), engraver
References
[edit]- ^ "Population of Municipalities – 1 January 2024". Czech Statistical Office. 2024-05-17.
- ^ a b c "Historie" (in Czech). Obec Kuks. Retrieved 2021-09-24.
- ^ a b c d "History". Kuks Hospital. Retrieved 2021-09-24.
- ^ "Historický lexikon obcí České republiky 1869–2011" (in Czech). Czech Statistical Office. 2015-12-21.
- ^ "Population Census 2021: Population by sex". Public Database. Czech Statistical Office. 2021-03-27.
- ^ World Monuments Fund - Kuks Forest Sculptures
External links
[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Kuks.
- Official website
- Official website of the Kuks Hospital
- Virtual tour of the Kuks Hospital
- Short information on Kuks Hospital in English
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| National | |
