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Coordinates: 50°24′6″N 15°53′22″E / 50.40167°N 15.88944°E / 50.40167; 15.88944
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{{Infobox settlement
{{Geobox | Settlement
| name = Kuks
<!-- *** Heading *** -->
| name = Kuks
| other_name =
| other_name =
| settlement_type = [[Obec|Municipality]]
<!-- images -->
| category = Village
| image_skyline = Zámek - hospital Kuks.jpg
<!-- *** Image *** -->
| image = Zámek - hospital Kuks.jpg
| image_caption = Kuks Hospital
| image_caption = Kuks Hospital
| image_flag = Kuks (okres Trutnov) vlajka.jpg
| image_shield = Kuks (okres Trutnov).png
<!-- *** Symbols *** -->
<!-- location -->
| flag =
| symbol =
| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = {{CZE}}
<!-- *** Name *** -->
| subdivision_type1 = [[Regions of the Czech Republic|Region]]
| etymology =
| subdivision_name1 = [[Hradec Králové Region|Hradec Králové]]
| official_name =
| subdivision_type2 = [[Districts of the Czech Republic|District]]
| motto =
| subdivision_name2 = [[Trutnov District|Trutnov]]
| nickname =
<!-- *** Country etc. *** -->
<!-- maps and coordinates -->
| country = Czech Republic
| image_map =
| country_flag = 1
| map_caption =
| state =
| pushpin_map = Czech Republic
| pushpin_relief = 1
| region = [[Hradec Králové Region|Hradec Králové]]
| region_type = [[Regions of the Czech Republic|Region]]
| pushpin_map_caption = Location in the Czech Republic
| coordinates = {{coord|50|24|6|N|15|53|22|E|display=inline,title}}
| district = [[Trutnov District|Trutnov]]
| coordinates_footnotes =
| district_type = [[Districts of the Czech Republic|District]]
<!-- government type, leaders -->
| municipality = Dvůr Králové nad Labem
| leader_title = Mayor
| municipality_type = Little District
| leader_name = Jiří Beran
<!-- *** Family *** -->
<!-- established -->
| part =
| river =
| established_title = First mentioned
| established_date = 1713
<!-- *** Locations *** -->
<!-- area -->
| location =
| elevation = 283
| area_footnotes =
| area_total_km2 = 4.84
| coordinates = {{coord|50|24|03|N|15|53|26|E|display=inline,title}}
<!-- elevation -->
| capital_coordinates =
| mouth_coordinates =
| elevation_footnotes =
| highest =
| elevation_m = 283
<!-- population -->
| highest_elevation =
| lowest =
| population_as_of = 2024-01-01
| population_footnotes = <ref>{{cite web |title=Population of Municipalities – 1 January 2024|url=https://www.czso.cz/csu/czso/population-of-municipalities-qexb0dqr2d|publisher=[[Czech Statistical Office]]|date=2024-05-17}}</ref>
| lowest_elevation =
| area = 4.81
| population_total = 263
| population_density_km2 = auto
| area_round = 2
<!-- *** Population *** -->
<!-- time zone(s) -->
| population = 235
| timezone1 = [[Central European Time|CET]]
| population_date = 2005
| utc_offset1 = +1
| timezone1_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]]
| population_density = auto
| utc_offset1_DST = +2
<!-- *** History & management *** -->
<!-- postal codes, area code -->
| established = 1692
| postal_code_type = Postal code
| established_type = First mentioned
| mayor = Jiří Beran
| postal_code = 544 43
| area_code_type =
<!-- *** Codes *** -->
| timezone = [[Central European Time|CET]]
| area_code =
<!-- website, footnotes -->
| utc_offset = +1
| website = {{URL|https://www.kuks.cz/}}
| timezone_DST = [[Central European Summer Time|CEST]]
| utc_offset_DST = +2
| footnotes =
| postal_code = 544 43
| area_code =
| code =
<!-- *** Free frields *** -->
| free =
<!-- *** Maps *** -->
| map = Czechia - outline map.svg
| map_background = Czechia - background map.png
| map_caption = Location in the Czech Republic
| map_locator = Czechia
<!-- *** Websites *** -->
| commons = Kuks
| statistics =
| website = {{URL|http://www.kuks.cz/}}
<!-- *** Footnotes *** -->
| footnotes =
}}
}}
'''Kuks''' (German: ''Kukus'') is a village in the [[Czech Republic]], [[Hradec Králové Region]], [[Trutnov]] District. Its main feature is a baroque [[spa]] building with famous [[sculpture]]s by [[Matthias Braun]].
'''Kuks''' ({{langx|de|Kukus}}) is a municipality and village in [[Trutnov District]] in the [[Hradec Králové Region]] of the [[Czech Republic]]. It has about 300 inhabitants. It lies on the [[Elbe]] river. Its main feature is a Baroque [[spa]] building with famous [[sculpture]]s by [[Matthias Braun]]. The village with the Baroque complex is protected by law as a [[Cultural monument (Czech Republic)#Monument reservations|monument reservation]].


==Administrative parts==
== History ==
The village of Kašov is an administrative part of Kuks.
In 1938, it was occupied by the [[Wehrmacht]] as one of the [[municipalities in Sudetenland]]. The railroad [[Pardubice]]-[[Jaromer|Jaroměř]]-[[Trutnov]], which goes through Kuks, crossed the newly established border four times within about {{convert|40|km|mi}}.{{citation needed|date=January 2017}} After the war, the German-speaking population was [[Expulsion of Germans after World War II|expelled]] in 1945 (see the [[Beneš decrees]]) and replaced by [[Czechs|Czech]] settlers.
{{Expand section|date=December 2012}}


===Spa===
==Etymology==
The name is probably derived from the Old German word for share of mining revenue. According to another theory, the word meant ore smelting remains.<ref name=history>{{cite web |title=Historie|url=https://www.kuks.cz/obec-174/informace-o-obci/historie/|publisher=Obec Kuks|language=cs|access-date=2021-09-24}}</ref>
[[File:Kuks from air 4.jpg|left|thumb|300 px|Kuks Hospital from air]]
On the slope of the [[Elbe]] in Kuks, there used to be mineral springs. In 1692–96, Count [[Franz Anton von Sporck]], the owner of the estate, directed three of them at one place and built a simple spa. When the healing effects of the water were proven by professors of the [[Charles-Ferdinand University]] and experts from [[Baden-Baden]], Špork enlarged the spa in 1707–22 with an octagonal [[Church (building)|Church]] of Holy Trinity, a [[hospital]], [[theatre]] and other buildings in the [[Baroque]] style. The interiors and exteriors were decorated with [[Baroque]] [[sculpture]]s by [[Matthias Braun]], the most famous of which are the [[Virtue]]s and [[Vice]]s. Count Georg Ludwig Albrecht von Rantzau stayed in Kuks (Kukus-Bad) together with two young Dukes, [[Charles I, Duke of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel|Charles]] and [[Duke Anthony Ulrich of Brunswick|Anthony Ulrich]] [[Duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg|of Brunswick-Lüneburg]] in 1726. In his memoirs, he calls this place the most pleasant and comfortable spa in Europe.<ref>[https://books.google.de/books?id=9gZcAAAAcAAJ&printsec=frontcover&hl=de&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q=Kuckes-Badt%20Boh%C3%AAme%20Comte%20Sporck%20agr%C3%A9able%20Europe%20prennent%20bains&f=false Rantzow, George Louis Albert. ''Mémoires du comte de Rantzow'', p. 15] {{fr}}</ref>


==Geography==
Špork died in 1738 and his heirs were not interested in maintaining the spa. A [[flood]] in 1740 destroyed most of the infrastructure and put the spa out of business. The Hospital, Church, and Pharmacy buildings have been preserved, along with historic furnishings, and are considered masterpieces of the Baroque. Braun's exterior sculptures also survive, but have been fast [[Erosion|eroding]] due to the action of water, from [[rain]]fall and moisture rising from the ground. For this reason, the Kuks Forest Sculptures were listed in the [[2000 World Monuments Watch]] by the [[World Monuments Fund]].<ref>[http://www.wmf.org/project/kuks-forest-sculptures World Monuments Fund - Kuks Forest Sculptures]</ref> With the financial support of [[American Express]], pump boxes were installed to drive groundwater away from the sculptures and low-lying vegetation was removed to enhance air circulation in the damp wooded environment.
Kuks is located about {{convert|18|km}} south of [[Trutnov]] and {{convert|21|km|abbr=on}} north of [[Hradec Králové]]. It lies on the border of three geomorphological regions: the lowlands of [[East Elbe Table]] and [[Orlice Table]], and the undulating landscape of the [[Jičín Uplands]]. The highest point is at {{convert|422|m|ft|abbr=on}} above sea level. The [[Elbe]] River flows through the municipality.


== Surrounding ==
==History==
[[File:Kuks from air 4.jpg|thumb|Aerial view of Kuks Hospital]]
More [[Baroque]] statues from [[Matthias Braun]], so-called Bethlehem (Betlém), are in a nearby village of Žireč (part of [[Dvůr Králové nad Labem]]). Other places of interest in the area are in [[Dvůr Králové Zoo]]) and [[Jaromer|Jaroměř]] ([[fortress]]).
[[File:Hospital Kuks, zahrada.jpg|thumb|Gardens of the hospital]]
Before any settlement was established here, the area was used for [[gold panning]]. The Kuks village was founded after the spa was founded here.<ref name=history/> In 1684, the estate was acquired by Count [[Franz Anton von Sporck]].<ref name=hospital>{{cite web |title=History|url=https://www.hospital-kuks.cz/en/history|publisher=Kuks Hospital|access-date=2021-09-24}}</ref>

On the slope of the [[Elbe]] in Kuks, there used to be mineral springs. In 1692–1696, Count Sporck directed three of them at one place and built a simple spa. When the healing effects of the water were proven by professors of the [[Charles-Ferdinand University]] and experts from [[Baden-Baden]], Sporck enlarged the spa.<ref name=history/>

In 1696, he had built Chapel of the Assumption of the Virgin Mary, followed by chateau in front of it in 1710. In 1707–1715, the [[hospital]] and the Church of the Holy Trinity with the crypt were built. The interiors and exteriors were decorated with Baroque [[sculpture]]s by [[Matthias Braun]], the most famous of which are the ''[[Virtue]]s and [[Vice]]s''. Behind the hospital there was a garden, and the whole complex was closed by a cemetery.<ref name=hospital/>

Sporck died in 1738 and his heirs were not interested in maintaining the spa. A [[flood]] in 1740 destroyed most of the infrastructure and put the spa out of business. Kuks turned into a quiet village with mostly German population. In 1896, the uninhabited chateau burnt down and in 1901, its ruins were demolished.<ref name=hospital/>

In 1938, Kuks was annexed by [[Nazi Germany]] and administered as part of the [[Reichsgau Sudetenland]]. After World War II, the German-speaking population was [[Expulsion of Germans from Czechoslovakia|expelled]] and replaced by [[Czechs|Czech]] settlers.

==Demographics==
{{historical populations
|align=none|cols=3
|1869|894
|1880|807
|1890|746
|1900|791
|1910|741
|1921|587
|1930|684
|1950|415
|1961|597
|1970|387
|1980|304
|1991|252
|2001|233
|2011|242
|2021|257
|source=Censuses<ref>{{cite web |title=Historický lexikon obcí České republiky 1869–2011|url=https://csu.gov.cz/produkty/historicky-lexikon-obci-1869-az-2015|publisher=[[Czech Statistical Office]]|language=cs|date=2015-12-21}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Population Census 2021: Population by sex|url=https://vdb.czso.cz/vdbvo2/faces/en/index.jsf?page=vystup-objekt-parametry&z=T&f=TABULKA&sp=A&skupId=4429&katalog=33515&pvo=SLD21001-OB-OK|work=Public Database|publisher=[[Czech Statistical Office]]|date=2021-03-27}}</ref>}}

==Transport==
Kuks is located on the railway line [[Liberec]]–[[Jaroměř]].

==Sights==
[[File:Hospital Kuks, vstup do hrobky.jpg|thumb|160px|Church of the Holy Trinity and the crypt]]
The hospital, church, and pharmacy buildings have been preserved, along with historic furnishings, and are considered masterpieces of the Baroque. The complex is nowadays owned by the state. Since 1946, the building of the hospital houses a museum of Baroque art and Czech pharmacy.<ref name=hospital/>

Braun's exterior sculptures also survive, but have been fast [[Erosion|eroding]] due to the action of water, from rainfall and moisture rising from the ground. For this reason, the Kuks Forest Sculptures were listed in the [[2000 World Monuments Watch]] by the [[World Monuments Fund]].<ref>[http://www.wmf.org/project/kuks-forest-sculptures World Monuments Fund - Kuks Forest Sculptures]</ref> With the financial support of [[American Express]], pump boxes were installed to drive groundwater away from the sculptures and low-lying vegetation was removed to enhance air circulation in the damp wooded environment.

==Notable people==
*[[Johann Balzer]] (1738–1799), engraver


==References==
==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{reflist}}

* Rantzow, George Louis Albert, de (German name ''Georg Ludwig Albrecht von Rantzau'', often named Jørgen Ludvig Albert de Rantzow). ''Mémoires du comte de Rantzow'', vol. 1, Pierre Mortier Amsterdam (1741). First translation ever published by Renate Ricarda Timmermann: ''Die Memoiren des Grafen von Rantzau'', vol. 1, Profund-Verlag (2015), {{ISBN|978-3-932651-14-4}}
==External links==
{{commons category|Kuks}}
*{{official|https://www.kuks.cz/en/}}
*[https://www.hospital-kuks.cz/en Official website of the Kuks Hospital]
*[http://virtualniprohlidky.cz/virtualni-prohlidka/zamek-kuks/ Virtual tour of the Kuks Hospital]
*[http://www.zamky-hrady.cz/1/kuks.htm Short information on Kuks Hospital in English]


== External links ==
* {{commonscat-inline|Kuks}}
* [http://www.kuks.cz/ Official web site of the Kuks municipality] {{cs icon}}
* [http://www.hospital-kuks.cz/en/ Official web site of the Kuks Hospital]
* [http://virtualniprohlidky.cz/virtualni-prohlidka/zamek-kuks/ Virtual tour of the Kuks Hospital]
* [http://www.zamky-hrady.cz/1/kuks.htm Short information on Kuks Hospital in English]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20060228175127/http://mapy.atlas.cz/mapviewer/mapviewer.aspx?cy=-1021623&cx=-634513&icon=default&scale=100000&action=zoomto Kuks on a map]
{{Trutnov District}}
{{Trutnov District}}


{{Authority control}}
{{authority control}}


[[Category:Villages in Trutnov District]]
[[Category:Villages in Trutnov District]]

Latest revision as of 07:17, 27 October 2024

Kuks
Municipality
Kuks Hospital
Kuks Hospital
Flag of Kuks
Flag
Coat of arms of Kuks
Coat of arms
Kuks is located in Czech Republic
Kuks
Kuks
Location in the Czech Republic
Coordinates: 50°24′6″N 15°53′22″E / 50.40167°N 15.88944°E / 50.40167; 15.88944
Country Czech Republic
RegionHradec Králové
DistrictTrutnov
First mentioned1713
Government
 • MayorJiří Beran
Area
 • Total
4.84 km2 (1.87 sq mi)
Elevation
283 m (928 ft)
Population
 (2024-01-01)[1]
 • Total
263
 • Density54/km2 (140/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+1 (CET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+2 (CEST)
Postal code
544 43
Websitewww.kuks.cz

Kuks (German: Kukus) is a municipality and village in Trutnov District in the Hradec Králové Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 300 inhabitants. It lies on the Elbe river. Its main feature is a Baroque spa building with famous sculptures by Matthias Braun. The village with the Baroque complex is protected by law as a monument reservation.

Administrative parts

[edit]

The village of Kašov is an administrative part of Kuks.

Etymology

[edit]

The name is probably derived from the Old German word for share of mining revenue. According to another theory, the word meant ore smelting remains.[2]

Geography

[edit]

Kuks is located about 18 kilometres (11 mi) south of Trutnov and 21 km (13 mi) north of Hradec Králové. It lies on the border of three geomorphological regions: the lowlands of East Elbe Table and Orlice Table, and the undulating landscape of the Jičín Uplands. The highest point is at 422 m (1,385 ft) above sea level. The Elbe River flows through the municipality.

History

[edit]
Aerial view of Kuks Hospital
Gardens of the hospital

Before any settlement was established here, the area was used for gold panning. The Kuks village was founded after the spa was founded here.[2] In 1684, the estate was acquired by Count Franz Anton von Sporck.[3]

On the slope of the Elbe in Kuks, there used to be mineral springs. In 1692–1696, Count Sporck directed three of them at one place and built a simple spa. When the healing effects of the water were proven by professors of the Charles-Ferdinand University and experts from Baden-Baden, Sporck enlarged the spa.[2]

In 1696, he had built Chapel of the Assumption of the Virgin Mary, followed by chateau in front of it in 1710. In 1707–1715, the hospital and the Church of the Holy Trinity with the crypt were built. The interiors and exteriors were decorated with Baroque sculptures by Matthias Braun, the most famous of which are the Virtues and Vices. Behind the hospital there was a garden, and the whole complex was closed by a cemetery.[3]

Sporck died in 1738 and his heirs were not interested in maintaining the spa. A flood in 1740 destroyed most of the infrastructure and put the spa out of business. Kuks turned into a quiet village with mostly German population. In 1896, the uninhabited chateau burnt down and in 1901, its ruins were demolished.[3]

In 1938, Kuks was annexed by Nazi Germany and administered as part of the Reichsgau Sudetenland. After World War II, the German-speaking population was expelled and replaced by Czech settlers.

Demographics

[edit]
Historical population
YearPop.±%
1869894—    
1880807−9.7%
1890746−7.6%
1900791+6.0%
1910741−6.3%
YearPop.±%
1921587−20.8%
1930684+16.5%
1950415−39.3%
1961597+43.9%
1970387−35.2%
YearPop.±%
1980304−21.4%
1991252−17.1%
2001233−7.5%
2011242+3.9%
2021257+6.2%
Source: Censuses[4][5]

Transport

[edit]

Kuks is located on the railway line Liberec–Jaroměř.

Sights

[edit]
Church of the Holy Trinity and the crypt

The hospital, church, and pharmacy buildings have been preserved, along with historic furnishings, and are considered masterpieces of the Baroque. The complex is nowadays owned by the state. Since 1946, the building of the hospital houses a museum of Baroque art and Czech pharmacy.[3]

Braun's exterior sculptures also survive, but have been fast eroding due to the action of water, from rainfall and moisture rising from the ground. For this reason, the Kuks Forest Sculptures were listed in the 2000 World Monuments Watch by the World Monuments Fund.[6] With the financial support of American Express, pump boxes were installed to drive groundwater away from the sculptures and low-lying vegetation was removed to enhance air circulation in the damp wooded environment.

Notable people

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Population of Municipalities – 1 January 2024". Czech Statistical Office. 2024-05-17.
  2. ^ a b c "Historie" (in Czech). Obec Kuks. Retrieved 2021-09-24.
  3. ^ a b c d "History". Kuks Hospital. Retrieved 2021-09-24.
  4. ^ "Historický lexikon obcí České republiky 1869–2011" (in Czech). Czech Statistical Office. 2015-12-21.
  5. ^ "Population Census 2021: Population by sex". Public Database. Czech Statistical Office. 2021-03-27.
  6. ^ World Monuments Fund - Kuks Forest Sculptures
[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Kuks.


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