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Corrected the Indian variant bread similar to scallion pancakes
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{{Short description|Chinese savory flatbread}}
{{more citations needed|date=June 2020}}
{{more citations needed|date=June 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2020}}
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| name = Cong you bing
| name = Cong you bing
| image = Spring onion pancake 2013.JPG
| image = Spring onion pancake 2013.JPG
| image_size = 250px
| image_size = 300px
| caption = Spring onion pancakes in [[Taichung]] (2013)
| caption = Spring onion pancakes in [[Taichung]]
| alternate_name = scallion pancake
| alternate_name = Scallion pancake, green onion pancake, spring onion pancake
| country = [[China]]
| country = [[China]]
| region =
| region =
| creator =
| creator =
| course =
| course =
| type = [[Flatbread]]
| type = [[Bing (bread)|Bing]]
| served =
| served =
| main_ingredient = Dough, [[scallion]]s
| main_ingredient = [[Wheat flour]], [[scallion]]s
| variations =
| variations =
| calories =
| calories =
| other =
| other =
}}
}}
{{Chinese|t=[[wikt:蔥|蔥]] [[wikt:油|油]] [[wikt:餅|餅]]|s=[[wikt:葱|葱]] [[wikt:油|油]] [[wikt:饼|饼]]|w=Ts'ung<sup>1</sup>-yu<sup>2</sup>-ping<sup>3</sup>|p=cōng yóu bǐng|j=cung1 jau4 beng2|poj= chhong iû péng|l=scallion oil pancake}}
{{Infobox Chinese|t=[[wikt:蔥|蔥]] [[wikt:油|油]] [[wikt:餅|餅]]|s=[[wikt:葱|葱]] [[wikt:油|油]] [[wikt:饼|饼]]|w=Ts'ung<sup>1</sup>-yu<sup>2</sup>-ping<sup>3</sup>|p=cōng yóu bǐng|j=cung1 jau4 beng2|poj= chhong iû péng|l=scallion oil pancake}}


'''Cong you bing''' (cōngyóubǐng)<ref>[https://redhousespice.com/spring-onion-pancake/ Scallion Pancakes, CONG YOU BING (葱油饼)｜Red House Spice]</ref> ({{lang-zh|s=[[wikt:葱油饼|葱油饼]]|t=[[wikt:蔥油餅|蔥油餅]]|p=cōngyóubǐng|l=scallion oil pancake}}; [[Mandarin Chinese|Mandarin]] pronunciation {{IPAc-cmn|c|ong|1|you|2|b|ing|3}}), also known as '''scallion pancake''' or "green onion pancake" is a [[Chinese cuisine|Chinese]], [[Umami|savory]], [[Leavening agent|unleavened]] [[flatbread]] folded with [[cooking oil|oil]] and minced [[scallion]]s (green onions). Unlike Western [[pancake]]s, it is made from [[dough]] instead of [[batter (cooking)|batter]]. It is pan-fried which gives it crisp edges yet also a chewy texture. A unique characteristic of scallion pancakes is the many layers that make up the interior, which help contribute to its chewy texture.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.theminichef.com/scallion-pancakes-recipe/ |title=Authentic Chinese Scallion Pancake (CongYouBing) |work=The Mini Chef |access-date=2020-05-26 |date=May 14, 2020 |first=Kevin |last=Lee}}</ref> Variations exist on the basic method of preparation that incorporate other flavors and fillings.
'''Cong you bing''' ({{IPAc-cmn|c|ong|1|you|2|b|ing|3}}; {{lang-zh|s=|t=[[wikt:蔥油餅|蔥油餅]]|p=cōngyóubǐng|l=scallion oil pancake}}), also known as '''scallion pancake''' or '''green onion pancake''', is a [[Chinese cuisine|Chinese]] [[Umami|savory]] ''[[Bing (bread)|bing]]'' (flatbread) made with wheat dough and minced [[scallion]]s (green onions).

The [[Leavening agent|unleavened]] dough is folded repeatedly into layers, with oil and green onions added between each layer. Then it is pan-fried, which gives it crisp edges and a chewy texture. Many layers make up the interior, contributing to its chewy texture.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.theminichef.com/scallion-pancakes-recipe/ |title=Authentic Chinese Scallion Pancake (CongYouBing) |work=The Mini Chef |access-date=2020-05-26 |date=May 14, 2020 |first=Kevin |last=Lee}}</ref> Variations exist on the basic method of preparation that incorporate other flavors and fillings.


Scallion pancakes are served both as a [[street food]] item and as a restaurant dish. They are also sold commercially, either fresh or [[frozen food|frozen]] in plastic packages (often in [[Asian supermarket]]s).
Scallion pancakes are served both as a [[street food]] item and as a restaurant dish. They are also sold commercially, either fresh or [[frozen food|frozen]] in plastic packages (often in [[Asian supermarket]]s).


⚫
==Variations and ingredients==
[[File:Green onion pancake.jpg|thumb|250px|A street food-style scallion pancake from a vendor in Taiwan (2006)]]
{{multiple image|perrow=1
[[File:Green onion pancake internal layer.jpg|thumb|250px|The same or a similar pancake, peeled to reveal internal structure (2006)]]
| align = right
| image1 = Green onion pancake.jpg
| total_width=250
| caption1 =
| image2 = Green onion pancake internal layer.jpg
| caption2 =
| footer = Scallion pancake from [[Taiwan]]
}}


⚫
Other ingredients, such as chopped [[fennel]] greens and [[sesame]] seeds, are sometimes added with the green onions.
⚫
==Variations and accompaniments==
⚫
Other ingredients, such as chopped [[fennel]] greens and [[sesame]] seeds are sometimes added with the green onions.


When using [[garlic chives]] (''jiucai''), these pancakes are called ''jiucai bing'' (韭菜饼) or ''jiucai you bing'' (韭菜油饼).
When using [[garlic chives]] (''jiucai''), these pancakes are called ''jiucai bing'' (韭菜餅) or ''jiucai you bing'' (韭菜油餅).


In [[Cambodia]], ''cong you bing'' is known as {{lang|km-latn|num pang chen}} ({{lang|km|នំប៉័ងចិន}} {{literal translation|Chinese bread}}) and it is popular street food that is baked and fried simultaneously rather than simply being fried like its Chinese counterpart.<ref>{{cite web |last=Phil |first=Lees |url=http://www.phnomenon.com/index.php/cambodian-food/street-food/spring-onion-bread-khmer-focaccia/ |title=Spring Onion Bread: Khmer focaccia |publisher=Phnomenon |date=24 October 2006 |access-date=15 June 2012}}</ref>
⚫
In [[Taiwanese cuisine]], '''egg pancakes''' (蛋餅) are [[sauteed]] with [[Egg (biology)|egg]] [[coated]] on one side and the dough is thinner and moister.{{citation needed|date=November 2014}}


⚫
In [[Taiwanese cuisine]], '''egg pancakes''' (蛋餅) are [[sauteed]] with [[Egg (biology)|egg]] [[coated]] on one side and the dough is thinner and moister.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://icook.tw/recipes/33288 |title=蛋餅 |date=5 December 2012 |access-date=1 March 2023 |language=zh |trans-title=Dàn bǐng}}</ref>
⚫
In [[North America]], the pancakes are often served with [[soy sauce]], hot [[chili sauce]], or [[Vietnamese dipping sauce]].{{Citation needed|date=August 2011}}


⚫
In [[North America]], the pancakes are often served with [[soy sauce]], hot [[chili sauce]], or [[Vietnamese dipping sauce]].{{Citation needed|date=August 2011}}
==Chinese legend surrounding the invention of pizza==
{{Main|History of pizza}}
There is a story in China that suggests [[pizza]] is an adaptation of the scallion pancake, brought back to Italy by [[Marco Polo]]. A humorous newspaper article, that also includes Marco Polo inventing [[cheese fondue]] when he is lost in the [[Alps]] and wants to eat Chinese [[hotpot]], describes the invention of pizza this way:<ref>{{cite news |work=[[Xinhua News Agency]] |date=12 September 2007 |url=http://big5.xinhuanet.com/gate/big5/news.xinhuanet.com/overseas/2007-09/12/content_6707259.htm |trans-title=Pizza and Ice Cream: The Chinese Delicacies Marco Polo Brought Back to the West. |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110611211555/http://big5.xinhuanet.com/gate/big5/news.xinhuanet.com/overseas/2007-09/12/content_6707259.htm |archive-date=11 June 2011 |language=zh |title=比薩餅、冰激淩:馬可•波羅帶回西方的中國美食圖}}</ref>

<blockquote>Marco Polo missed scallion pancakes so much that when he was back in Italy, he tried to find chefs willing to make the pancake for him. One day, he managed to meet a chef from [[Naples]] at a friend's dinner party and persuaded him to try recreating the dish. After half a day without success, Marco Polo suggested the filling be put on top rather than inside the dough. The change, by chance, created a dish praised by everyone at the party. The chefs returned to Naples and improvised by adding cheese and other ingredients and formed today's pizza.</blockquote>


==Gallery==
Historical evidence in Europe suggests that pizza was not transmitted to Europe by Marco Polo, and the [[Mediterranean]] version existed and originated there long before his time.<ref name="History">{{cite web |url=http://www.thenibble.com/REVIEWS/MAIN/pastas/fall-pizza-recipes.asp |title=The History Of Pizza |work=The Nibble |access-date=2013-05-31 |date=October 2008}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.foodtimeline.org/foodfaq3.html#venice |title=Marco Polo & the Merchants of Venice |work=[[The Food Timeline]] |first=Lynne |last=Olver |author-link=Lynne Olver |access-date=2013-05-31}}</ref> The first recorded use of the word "pizza" dates from 997 AD (in a Latin text from the town of [[Gaeta]] in [[Southern Italy]]),<ref>{{cite book |last=Ceccarini |first=Rossella |title=Pizza and Pizza Chefs in Japan: A Case of Culinary Globalization |year=2011 |publisher=Brill |location=Leiden |isbn=978-90-04-19466-3 |page=19 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MhSQEz1GkuwC&lpg=PA19 |via=[[Google Books]]}}</ref> more than 250 years before Marco Polo was born. It may have been by coincidence that the food items are similar, both being [[flatbread]].
<gallery mode="packed" widths="160px" heights="160px">
File:Chinese chive pancakes, Jia Yan, 5 rue Humblot, Paris 001.jpg
File:Scallion pancakes.jpg
File:Food 蔥油餅, 蘇杭餐廳, 濟南店, 台大校友會館, 台北 (24287634416).jpg
File:Food 香煎蔥花餅, Yi Yuan Peking Cuisine, The Westin Taipei, 頤園, 頤園北京料理, 六福皇宮, 台北威斯汀六福皇宮, 台北 (20221964242).jpg
File:Food 蔥油餅, 福原樓, 福原樓北方小館, 北方福原樓小館, 台北 (14587573442).jpg
File:Food (26032030696).jpg
File:Chive egg pancake.jpg|Taiwanese ''danbing'', with eggs and scallion
</gallery>


==Similar dishes==
==Similar dishes==
Line 48: Line 63:
*China
*China
:*[[Laobing]]
:*[[Laobing]]
:*[[Shaobing]]


*Elsewhere
*Elsewhere
Line 54: Line 70:
:*''Num pang chen'' ([[Cambodian cuisine|Cambodian]])
:*''Num pang chen'' ([[Cambodian cuisine|Cambodian]])
:*[[Pajeon]] (Korean)
:*[[Pajeon]] (Korean)
:*[[Paratha]] (Indian)
:*[[Parotta]] (South Indian)
:*[[Podpłomyk]] (Polish)
:*[[Podpłomyk]] (Polish)
:*[[Saudi Arabian cuisine|Marase'e]] (Saudi Arabian)
:*[[Saudi Arabian cuisine|Marase'e]] (Saudi Arabian)
:*[[Murtabak]] (Saudi Arabian)


==See also==
==See also==
Line 62: Line 79:
* [[List of onion dishes]]
* [[List of onion dishes]]
* [[List of pancakes]]
* [[List of pancakes]]
*[[Paratha]]
*[[Banh xeo]]


==References==
==References==
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[[Category:Pancakes]]
[[Category:Pancakes]]
[[Category:Scallion dishes]]
[[Category:Scallion dishes]]
[[Category:Street food]]
[[Category:Street food in China]]
[[Category:Taiwanese cuisine]]
[[Category:Street food in Taiwan]]
[[Category:Unleavened breads]]
[[Category:Unleavened breads]]

Latest revision as of 16:43, 27 October 2024

Cong you bing
Spring onion pancakes in Taichung
Alternative namesScallion pancake, green onion pancake, spring onion pancake
TypeBing
Place of originChina
Main ingredientsWheat flour, scallions
Cong you bing
Traditional Chinese蔥 油 餅
Simplified Chinese葱 油 饼
Literal meaningscallion oil pancake
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu Pinyincōng yóu bǐng
Wade–GilesTs'ung1-yu2-ping3
Yue: Cantonese
Jyutpingcung1 jau4 beng2
Southern Min
Hokkien POJchhong iû péng

Cong you bing ([tsʰʊ́ŋjǒʊpìŋ]; Chinese: 蔥油餅; pinyin: cōngyóubǐng; lit. 'scallion oil pancake'), also known as scallion pancake or green onion pancake, is a Chinese savory bing (flatbread) made with wheat dough and minced scallions (green onions).

The unleavened dough is folded repeatedly into layers, with oil and green onions added between each layer. Then it is pan-fried, which gives it crisp edges and a chewy texture. Many layers make up the interior, contributing to its chewy texture.[1] Variations exist on the basic method of preparation that incorporate other flavors and fillings.

Scallion pancakes are served both as a street food item and as a restaurant dish. They are also sold commercially, either fresh or frozen in plastic packages (often in Asian supermarkets).

Variations and ingredients

[edit]
Scallion pancake from Taiwan

Other ingredients, such as chopped fennel greens and sesame seeds, are sometimes added with the green onions.

When using garlic chives (jiucai), these pancakes are called jiucai bing (韭菜餅) or jiucai you bing (韭菜油餅).

In Cambodia, cong you bing is known as num pang chen (នំប៉័ងចិន lit. 'Chinese bread') and it is popular street food that is baked and fried simultaneously rather than simply being fried like its Chinese counterpart.[2]

In Taiwanese cuisine, egg pancakes (蛋餅) are sauteed with egg coated on one side and the dough is thinner and moister.[3]

In North America, the pancakes are often served with soy sauce, hot chili sauce, or Vietnamese dipping sauce.[citation needed]

[edit]
  • Taiwanese danbing, with eggs and scallion
    Taiwanese danbing, with eggs and scallion

Similar dishes

[edit]

Similar dishes in Chinese culture, and in other cultures, exist:

  • China
  • Elsewhere

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Cong you bing.
  1. ^ Lee, Kevin (14 May 2020). "Authentic Chinese Scallion Pancake (CongYouBing)". The Mini Chef. Retrieved 26 May 2020.
  2. ^ Phil, Lees (24 October 2006). "Spring Onion Bread: Khmer focaccia". Phnomenon. Retrieved 15 June 2012.
  3. ^ "蛋餅" [Dàn bǐng] (in Chinese). 5 December 2012. Retrieved 1 March 2023.
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