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{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2024}}
{{Infobox film
{{Infobox film
| name = Nazarín |
|name = Nazarín
image = Nazarin poster.jpg|
|image = Nazarin poster.jpg
caption = Nazarín poster |
|caption = Original poster
writer = [[Julio Alejandro]]<BR>[[Luis Buñuel]]
|director = [[Luis Buñuel]]
|producer = [[Manuel Barbachano Ponce]]
⚫
|starring = [[Francisco Rabal]]<BR>[[Marga López]]<BR>[[Rita Macedo]]<BR>Jesús Fernández
|director = [[Luis Buñuel]]
|screenplay = {{ubl|[[Julio Alejandro]]|Luis Buñuel}}
|producer = [[Manuel Barbachano Ponce]]
|based_on = ''Nazarín'' by [[Benito Pérez Galdós]]
⚫
|starring = {{ubl|[[Francisco Rabal]]|[[Marga López]]|[[Rita Macedo]]|Jesús Fernández}}
|movie_music =
|distributor = [[Producciones Barbáchano Ponce]]
|music = [[Rodolfo Halffter]]
|cinematography = [[Gabriel Figueroa]]
|released = 4 June 1959
|runtime = 94 minutes
|editing = [[Carlos Savage]]
|studio = Producciones Barbáchano Ponce
⚫
|country = Mexico
|distributor = Películas Nacionales
⚫
|language = [[Spanish language|Spanish]]
|music =
|released = {{Film date|1959|6|4|df=y}}
|budget =
|runtime = 94 minutes
⚫
|country = Mexico
⚫
|}}
⚫
|language = Spanish
⚫
}}
'''''Nazarín''''' ({{IPA|es|nasaˈɾin}}, {{IPA|es|naθaˈɾin|}}) is a 1959 Mexican [[satire|satirical]] [[drama film]] directed by [[Luis Buñuel]] and co-written between Buñuel and [[Julio Alejandro]], adapted from the eponymous novel of [[Benito Pérez Galdós]].


'''''Nazarín''''' ({{IPA-es|nasaˈɾin}},{{naθaˈɾin}}) is a 1959 Mexican film directed by [[Luis Buñuel]] and co-written between Buñuel and [[Julio Alejandro]], adapted from the eponymous novel of [[Benito Pérez Galdós]]. It won the international prize at the [[1959 Cannes Film Festival]]<ref name="festival-cannes.com">{{cite web |url=http://www.festival-cannes.com/en/archives/ficheFilm/id/3440/year/1959.html |title=Festival de Cannes: Nazarín |accessdate=2009-02-15|work=festival-cannes.com}}</ref> and was selected as the Mexican entry for the [[Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film|Best Foreign Language Film]] at the [[32nd Academy Awards]], but was not accepted as a nominee.<ref>Margaret Herrick Library, Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences</ref>
The film received the international prize at the [[1959 Cannes Film Festival]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.festival-cannes.com/en/f/nazarin-2/|title=Festival de Cannes: Nazarín|access-date=19 June 2024|publisher=[[Cannes Film Festival]]}}</ref> and was selected as the Mexican entry for the [[Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film|Best Foreign Language Film]] at the [[32nd Academy Awards]], but was not selected as a nominee.<ref>Margaret Herrick Library, Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences.</ref>


Although not one of Buñuel's most renowned films, ''Nazarín'' still holds a high reputation. Filmmaker [[Andrei Tarkovsky]] named it one of his ten favorite films.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bfi.org.uk/lists/10-great-films-inspired-andrei-tarkovsky|title=10 great films that inspired Andrei Tarkovsky|last=Lasica|first=Tom|date=22 October 2015|accessdate=11 July 2018}}</ref> In April 2019, a restoration was selected to be shown in the "Cannes Classics" section at the [[2019 Cannes Film Festival]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Cannes Classics 2019|url=https://www.festival-cannes.com/en/2019/nazarin-by-luis-bunuel-the-limits-of-unfailing-belief/|last=Mendes|first=Andréa|publisher=Festival de Cannes|access-date=18 May 2019|date=19 June 2024}}</ref>
⚫
== Plot ==
Padre Nazario is a Roman Catholic priest of Spanish heritage living austerely in a hotel on the poor side of town. He is of a quiet, temperate nature and carelessly gives away what little he has, to the point of not caring whenever his room is burgled. He demonstrates understanding and compassion for those he encounters, such as a woman living below him, Beatriz, who is plagued by psychotic episodes and thoughts of suicide, and has a troubled relationship with a man named Pinto.


⚫
==Plot==
One night, a prostitute, Andara, comes running into Nazario's room seeking shelter from the authorities; she has murdered another prostitute, Camella, and has herself been wounded in the fight. Padre Nazario withholds judgement about her guilt or innocence, and will help her—and not betray her—until she is found out. He tries to set her head straight and make her conscious of her guilt. Later Andara has a fevered dream in which she imagines that a portrait of Jesus Christ is laughing at her.
Padre Nazario, a priest living in a hostel, is quiet, temperate and distributes his money, even indifferent to being burgled. He shows understanding and compassion to such as Beatriz, who has psychotic episodes and suicidal thoughts after being abandoned by her lover, Pinto.


A prostitute, Andara, runs into Nazario's room seeking shelter; she has murdered another prostitute and been wounded. Nazario withholds judgement and helps to conceal her. He tries to make her conscious of her sin. Andara hallucinates that a portrait of Jesus Christ is laughing at her. Beatriz warns them that someone has informed the authorities. Meanwhile, the hostel proprietress finds out and insists Andara must not be discovered with Nazario, ordering her to remove evidence of her stay. After Nazario has left, Andara sets the room ablaze and escapes.
That night Beatriz comes and warns them that someone has tipped off the authorities. (Beatriz offers to hide them in her room, with the express intention that the police will have her (Beatriz) arrested and hanged). When the proprietress, Mrs. Chanfa, finds out what has transpired, she is adamant that Andara must not be discovered hiding with Father Nazario, and orders Andara to clean the room so that no one knows she was there.


With Nazario afoul of the law and church, he is warned an investigation could cost him his priesthood. Having no possessions - all stolen or given away - he adopts plain clothes and wanders the country, begging. Meeting a construction crew, Nazario offers to work for food, but other workers resent him undercutting them. They shun him, so Nazario leaves with nothing. also his motives are misunderstood, so a fight between the workers and the foreman ensues.
But after Father Nazario steps out, Andara doesn't just clean the room: she gathers up the furniture into a big pile, pours gasoline all over it, sets it ablaze and makes her escape!


"As if by a miracle," Nazario sees Beatriz again in another town. He reveals his possessions have been stolen. She leads him to Andara, who lives with her, and a sick girl whose mother begs Nazario to cure with a miracle. Nazario suggests a doctor, but offers to pray with them. He is perturbed when the woman performs superstitious rites. The girl's fever subsides. Believing Nazario to be a miracle-worker, Andara and Beatriz follow him despite his protests.
This episode puts Nazario afoul of the law and the church. He is warned that an investigation could cost him his ministry. Nazario is forced to go into hiding: he exchanges his frock for plain clothes and sets out to peregrinate the country. He plans to survive by begging.


⚫
Nazario stops to help a party whose horse has a broken leg. The Colonel yells at a peasant who does not salute them, despite the peasant's protestations that he didn't see them. When Nazario criticises the Colonel's rudeness, the latter tries to pull his gun, but is stopped by the Priest, who excuses Nazario as "a heretic, an erratic preacher" who should be left alone.
On his way he encounters a rail-road construction crew, and offers to work for food. But some of the other workers resent his presence (perhaps surmising that they'll have to share the spoils of the work with this new-comer), and make it known that he is unwelcome. Nazario drops his work and walks off, having received nothing for his labors. But his departure sparks a deadly fight between the workers and the foreman. As Nazario walks away he hears gunfire in the distance.


⚫
Nazario is followed by Beatriz and Andara, whom he reluctantly tolerates, and sermonizes them. In a [[Plague (disease)|plague]]-ridden village, Nazario's help is rejected by one dying woman, who prefers her husband's ministrations (inspired by the [[Marquis de Sade]]'s ''[[Dialogue Between a Priest and a Dying Man]]''). Nazario is overcome by a feeling of failure.
In a small village Nazario runs across Beatriz, and reveals that all of his possessions have been stolen. She leads him to a house where he encounters the prostitute Andara as well as a sick girl. Convinced that he can perform miracles, the girl's mother begs Nazario to cure the girl. Nazario demurs and suggests they see a doctor instead, but offers to pray together with the women. But he is perturbed when the woman instead begin to perform superstitious rites.


A midget professes love for Andara despite saying she is ugly. Beatrice's ex Pinto, visiting, sees her, accuses her of being "a priest's lover" and demands that she leave with him. Nazario says she is struggling with Satan but should resist. When she asks how he guessed something was wrong, Nazario responds, "It's not guessing; it's knowing." Andara insists that they flee. Nazario responds only thieves flee and the divine will not forsake them. Beatriz tells Nazario she trusts him, and quotes from the Bible: "''If I can carry your load on my back, I will.''" Andara accuses Nazario of preferring Beatriz, but he asserts a Christian love for both.
However, the next day the girl's fever has subsided. Believing Nazario to be a miracle-worker and a saint, Andara and Beatriz insist on following him. But Nazario wants to be on his own.


⚫
Discovered by a search party, Andara and Nazario are arrested: Beatriz begs for his release. Pinto tells Beatriz's mother that Beatriz should go with him. However, Beatriz sings Nazario's praises and speaks of his miracles. Her mother's response that Beatriz loves Nazario "like a man" sends Beatriz into a psychotic episode.
⚫
Nazario later stops to help a Colonel, a Priest and a Lady as their horse has a broken leg. When a peasant passes by without acknowledging his two superiors, the Colonel yells at him for his discourtesy, despite the peasant's protestations that he merely didn't see them. After the peasant leaves, Nazario gives the Colonel a severe dressing down for his rudeness. The Colonel tries to pull his gun on Nazario, but is stopped by the Priest, who merely excuses Nazario as "a heretic, an erratic preacher" who should be left alone.


⚫
Nazario's cellmates insult and assault him. Nazario suffers a crisis of faith, shouting, "''For the first time in my life, I find it hard to forgive. But I forgive you. It is my Christian duty. But I also scorn you! And I feel guilty, not knowing how to separate scorn from forgiveness.''" A cellmate intervenes and Nazario gives him his money.
⚫
But Nazario is still being followed by Beatriz and Andara, whom he reluctantly agrees to let accompany him, although he lectures them sternly about God. The three end up in a [[Plague (disease)|plague]]-ridden village, where Nazario offers help. They do what they can, but their services are ultimately rejected by one dying woman, who would rather have the comfort of her husband than a priest (a scene inspired by the [[Marquis de Sade]]'s ''[[Dialogue Between a Priest and a Dying Man]]''). Father Nazario is overcome by a feeling of failure.


⚫
Nazario is accused of insanity and disobedience. As he is led away, Pinto and Beatriz pass by, but without recognition. Nazario passes a fruit seller who offers a pineapple, saying, "Take this charity, and may God be with you." Nazario seems overcome with confusion. He refuses it twice, but then takes it and says, "''May God repay you.''" He is led away, distraught.
They go begging in another village, and Andara catches the eye of a midget named Hugo, who professes his love despite telling her how ugly she is. In the same village, Beatriz is spotted by Pinto, who confronts her and accuses her of being nothing but "a priest's lover." Pinto demands that Beatriz leave with him the next day.

That night Nazario senses that something is the matter with Beatriz, and inquires into her troubles. He says that she is struggling with Satan but should resist temptation. When she asks how he was able to guess that something was wrong, Nazario responds, "It's not guessing, it's knowing."

The two are interrupted by Andara, who insists that they must flee immediately, before they are found out. Nazario responds calmly that only thieves flee, and that the divine will not forsake them. Beatriz tells Nazario how much she trusts him, and uses an allusion to the Christian bible: "''If I can carry your load on my back, I will.''" Andara, for her part, accuses Nazario of loving Beatriz more, but he tries to demonstrate a Christian love for both women.

⚫
The next day the party is found out by a group of men who have been looking for them. Andara and Nazario are arrested and taken to jail, but Beatriz begs for his release. Pinto finds out what happened and says he will convince Beatriz's mother that Beatriz should go with him. Later, when Beatriz meets her mother, she sings Nazario's praises and speaks of his miracles. Her mother's response that Beatriz loves Nazario "like a man" sends the girl into another psychotic episode.

⚫
Nazario has it no better. He is tormented by his cellmates, who insult him and physically abuse him. Nazario suffers a crisis of faith, shouting, "''For the first time in my life, I find it hard to forgive. But I forgive you. It is my Christian duty. But I also scorn you! And I feel guilty, not knowing how to separate scorn from forgiveness.''" One of the cellmates intervenes to protect Nazario, who ends up giving the man what remains of his money.

⚫
The next day the prisoners are led away. Nazario is accused of being insane, and contradicting the church. He is separated from the group and led away by a single guard. As he is being led away, Pinto and Beatriz pass by in a carriage, but without any sign of recognition. In the penultimate scene, Nazario and the guard pass by a woman selling fruit. The fruitseller offers Nazario a pineapple, saying, "Take this charity, and may God be with you." Nazario seems overcome with confusion and doubt. A loud drum-beat can be heard. At first he makes a motion of refusal, but then stops her, takes the pineapple and says, "''May God repay you.''" He is led away with the pineapple under his arm, utterly distraught.


==Cast==
==Cast==
* [[Francisco Rabal]] - Father Nazario
*[[Francisco Rabal]] as Father Nazario
* [[Marga López]] - Beatriz
*[[Marga López]] as Beatriz
* [[Rita Macedo]] - Andara
*[[Rita Macedo]] as Andara
* Jesús Fernández - Hugo
*Jesús Fernández as Hugo
* [[Ignacio López Tarso]] - Thief in church
*[[Ignacio López Tarso]] as Thief in church
* [[Luis Aceves Castañeda]] - Parricide
*[[Luis Aceves Castañeda]] as Parricide
* [[Ofelia Guilmáin]] - Chanfa
*[[Ofelia Guilmáin]] as Chanfa
* [[Noé Murayama]] - Pinto
*[[Noé Murayama]] as Pinto
* [[Rosenda Monteros]] - Prieta
*[[Rosenda Monteros]] as Prieta
* [[Victorio Blanco]] - Old prisoner
*[[Victorio Blanco]] as Old prisoner
* [[Arturo Castro]] - Colonel
*[[Arturo Castro (Mexican actor)|Arturo Castro]] as Colonel
* [[José Chávez (actor)|José Chávez]] - Construction site manager (as José Chávez 'Trowe')
*[[:es:José Chávez Trowe|José Chávez]] as Construction site manager (as José Chávez 'Trowe')
* [[Cecilia Leger]] - Woman with pineapple
*[[Cecilia Leger]] as Woman with pineapple
* [[Ignacio Peón]] - Priest
*[[Ignacio Peón]] as Priest


==Reception==
==Parallelisms with Jesus Christ==
On [[review aggregator]] website [[Rotten Tomatoes]], ''Nazarín'' has an 86% approval rating based on reviews from 14 critics, and an average rating of 8.3/10.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/nazarin|title=''Nazarín''|website=[[Rotten Tomatoes]]|publisher=[[Fandango Media|Fandango]]|access-date=19 June 2024}}</ref>
The second half of the movie shares various parallels with the life and work of Jesus Christ:


The film was included by the Vatican in [[Vatican's list of films|a list of important films]] compiled in 1995, under the category of "Religion".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://old.usccb.org/movies/vaticanfilms.shtml |title=Vatican Best Films List |work=Official website of the [[United States Conference of Catholic Bishops|U.S. Conference of Catholic Bishops]] |access-date=2012-04-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120422064928/http://old.usccb.org/movies/vaticanfilms.shtml |archive-date=2012-04-22 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Catholic deacon and film critic Steven Greydanus has noted some of the film's implicit skepticism of religion, and surmises that it was included in the Vatican's list for its willingness to at least engage with the question of religion.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://decentfilms.com/reviews/nazarin |title=Nazarin (1959) |work=Decent Films |author=Steven Greydanus |access-date=2024-10-12}}</ref>
*Nazario peregrinates the land, performing "miracles" and aiding the needed.
*He is joined by two women astounded by his miracles and wishing to do good, much like the [[Twelve Apostles|apostle]]s.
*Nazario rouses scandal amidst the dogmatic religious because of his teaching and lifestyle.
*The character of Beatriz represents [[Mary Magdalene]] since she is a follower and reluctant love interest of Nazario.
*Both Nazario and Jesus are sent to prison, tortured, offered a chance to escape and forced to wear a mock crown of some sort.
*Both Nazario and Jesus are forced to march through torture and humiliation to their deaths.


==See also==
==See also==
* [[List of submissions to the 32nd Academy Awards for Best Foreign Language Film]]
*[[List of submissions to the 32nd Academy Awards for Best Foreign Language Film]]
* [[List of Mexican submissions for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film]]
*[[List of Mexican submissions for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film]]


==References==
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{Reflist}}


==External links==
==External links==
*{{Imdb title | id=0051983 | title=Nazarín}}
*{{IMDb title|0051983}}


{{Luis Buñuel Films}}
{{Luis Buñuel}}
{{Mexican submission for Academy Awards}}


{{DEFAULTSORT:Nazarin}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Nazarín}}
[[Category:1958 films]]
[[Category:1959 drama films]]
[[Category:1950s drama films]]
[[Category:Films with atheism-related themes]]
[[Category:Mexican films]]
[[Category:Mexican drama films]]
[[Category:1950s Spanish-language films]]
[[Category:Mexican black-and-white films]]
[[Category:Films about Catholic priests]]
[[Category:Films about Catholicism]]
[[Category:Films critical of the Catholic Church]]
[[Category:Films based on Spanish novels]]
[[Category:Films based on works by Benito Pérez Galdós]]
[[Category:Films directed by Luis Buñuel]]
[[Category:Films directed by Luis Buñuel]]
[[Category:Spanish-language films]]
[[Category:1950s Mexican films]]

[[bg:Назарин]]
[[ca:Nazarín]]
[[es:Nazarín]]
[[fr:Nazarín]]
[[it:Nazarín]]
[[ka:ნაზარეველი]]
[[hu:Nazarín]]
[[nah:Nazarín]]
[[pl:Nazarin]]
[[ru:Назарин (фильм)]]
[[sv:Nazarín]]
[[tr:Nazarín (film, 1959)]]

Latest revision as of 14:39, 11 November 2024

Nazarín
Original poster
Directed byLuis Buñuel
Screenplay by
Based onNazarín by Benito Pérez Galdós
Produced byManuel Barbachano Ponce
Starring
CinematographyGabriel Figueroa
Edited byCarlos Savage
Music byRodolfo Halffter
Production
company
Producciones Barbáchano Ponce
Distributed byPelículas Nacionales
Release date
  • 4 June 1959 (1959-06-04)
Running time
94 minutes
CountryMexico
LanguageSpanish

Nazarín (Spanish pronunciation: [nasaˈɾin], [naθaˈɾin]) is a 1959 Mexican satirical drama film directed by Luis Buñuel and co-written between Buñuel and Julio Alejandro, adapted from the eponymous novel of Benito Pérez Galdós.

The film received the international prize at the 1959 Cannes Film Festival[1] and was selected as the Mexican entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 32nd Academy Awards, but was not selected as a nominee.[2]

Although not one of Buñuel's most renowned films, Nazarín still holds a high reputation. Filmmaker Andrei Tarkovsky named it one of his ten favorite films.[3] In April 2019, a restoration was selected to be shown in the "Cannes Classics" section at the 2019 Cannes Film Festival.[4]

Plot

[edit]

Padre Nazario, a priest living in a hostel, is quiet, temperate and distributes his money, even indifferent to being burgled. He shows understanding and compassion to such as Beatriz, who has psychotic episodes and suicidal thoughts after being abandoned by her lover, Pinto.

A prostitute, Andara, runs into Nazario's room seeking shelter; she has murdered another prostitute and been wounded. Nazario withholds judgement and helps to conceal her. He tries to make her conscious of her sin. Andara hallucinates that a portrait of Jesus Christ is laughing at her. Beatriz warns them that someone has informed the authorities. Meanwhile, the hostel proprietress finds out and insists Andara must not be discovered with Nazario, ordering her to remove evidence of her stay. After Nazario has left, Andara sets the room ablaze and escapes.

With Nazario afoul of the law and church, he is warned an investigation could cost him his priesthood. Having no possessions - all stolen or given away - he adopts plain clothes and wanders the country, begging. Meeting a construction crew, Nazario offers to work for food, but other workers resent him undercutting them. They shun him, so Nazario leaves with nothing. also his motives are misunderstood, so a fight between the workers and the foreman ensues.

"As if by a miracle," Nazario sees Beatriz again in another town. He reveals his possessions have been stolen. She leads him to Andara, who lives with her, and a sick girl whose mother begs Nazario to cure with a miracle. Nazario suggests a doctor, but offers to pray with them. He is perturbed when the woman performs superstitious rites. The girl's fever subsides. Believing Nazario to be a miracle-worker, Andara and Beatriz follow him despite his protests.

Nazario stops to help a party whose horse has a broken leg. The Colonel yells at a peasant who does not salute them, despite the peasant's protestations that he didn't see them. When Nazario criticises the Colonel's rudeness, the latter tries to pull his gun, but is stopped by the Priest, who excuses Nazario as "a heretic, an erratic preacher" who should be left alone.

Nazario is followed by Beatriz and Andara, whom he reluctantly tolerates, and sermonizes them. In a plague-ridden village, Nazario's help is rejected by one dying woman, who prefers her husband's ministrations (inspired by the Marquis de Sade's Dialogue Between a Priest and a Dying Man). Nazario is overcome by a feeling of failure.

A midget professes love for Andara despite saying she is ugly. Beatrice's ex Pinto, visiting, sees her, accuses her of being "a priest's lover" and demands that she leave with him. Nazario says she is struggling with Satan but should resist. When she asks how he guessed something was wrong, Nazario responds, "It's not guessing; it's knowing." Andara insists that they flee. Nazario responds only thieves flee and the divine will not forsake them. Beatriz tells Nazario she trusts him, and quotes from the Bible: "If I can carry your load on my back, I will." Andara accuses Nazario of preferring Beatriz, but he asserts a Christian love for both.

Discovered by a search party, Andara and Nazario are arrested: Beatriz begs for his release. Pinto tells Beatriz's mother that Beatriz should go with him. However, Beatriz sings Nazario's praises and speaks of his miracles. Her mother's response that Beatriz loves Nazario "like a man" sends Beatriz into a psychotic episode.

Nazario's cellmates insult and assault him. Nazario suffers a crisis of faith, shouting, "For the first time in my life, I find it hard to forgive. But I forgive you. It is my Christian duty. But I also scorn you! And I feel guilty, not knowing how to separate scorn from forgiveness." A cellmate intervenes and Nazario gives him his money.

Nazario is accused of insanity and disobedience. As he is led away, Pinto and Beatriz pass by, but without recognition. Nazario passes a fruit seller who offers a pineapple, saying, "Take this charity, and may God be with you." Nazario seems overcome with confusion. He refuses it twice, but then takes it and says, "May God repay you." He is led away, distraught.

Cast

[edit]

Reception

[edit]

On review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, Nazarín has an 86% approval rating based on reviews from 14 critics, and an average rating of 8.3/10.[5]

The film was included by the Vatican in a list of important films compiled in 1995, under the category of "Religion".[6] Catholic deacon and film critic Steven Greydanus has noted some of the film's implicit skepticism of religion, and surmises that it was included in the Vatican's list for its willingness to at least engage with the question of religion.[7]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Festival de Cannes: Nazarín". Cannes Film Festival. Retrieved 19 June 2024.
  2. ^ Margaret Herrick Library, Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences.
  3. ^ Lasica, Tom (22 October 2015). "10 great films that inspired Andrei Tarkovsky". Retrieved 11 July 2018.
  4. ^ Mendes, Andréa (19 June 2024). "Cannes Classics 2019". Festival de Cannes. Retrieved 18 May 2019.
  5. ^ "Nazarín". Rotten Tomatoes. Fandango. Retrieved 19 June 2024.
  6. ^ "Vatican Best Films List". Official website of the U.S. Conference of Catholic Bishops. Archived from the original on 22 April 2012. Retrieved 20 April 2012.
  7. ^ Steven Greydanus. "Nazarin (1959)". Decent Films. Retrieved 12 October 2024.
[edit]
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