Jump to content

Robot control: Difference between revisions

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Browse history interactively
← Previous edit
Content deleted Content added
VisualWikitext
No edit summary
Tags: Reverted Mobile edit Mobile web edit
 
(9 intermediate revisions by 5 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
{{short description|Mechanical and/or programmable systems responsible for the precise movement of robots}}
{{More sources|date=October 2024}}{{short description|Mechanical and/or programmable systems responsible for the precise movement of robots}}


'''Robotic control''' is the system that contributes to the movement of [[robot]]s. This involves the mechanical aspects and programmable systems that makes it possible to control robots. [[Robotics]] can be controlled by various means including manual, [[wireless]], semi-[[autonomous]] (a mix of fully automatic and wireless control), and fully autonomous (using [[artificial intelligence]]).
'''Robotic control''' is the system that contributes to the movement of [[robot]]s. This involves the mechanical aspects and programmable systems that makes it possible to control robots. [[Robotics]] can be controlled by various means including manual, [[wireless]], semi-[[autonomous]] (a mix of fully automatic and wireless control), and fully autonomous (using [[artificial intelligence]]).
Line 6: Line 6:


=== Medical and surgical ===
=== Medical and surgical ===
In the medical field, robots are used to make precise movements that are difficult for humans. Robotic surgery involves the use of less-invasive surgical methods, which are “procedures performed through tiny incisions”.<ref>Robotic surgery. (n.d.). <nowiki>https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/robotic-surgery/about/pac-20394974</nowiki><br /></ref> Robots use the [[Da Vinci Surgical System|da Vinci surgical method]], which involves the robotic arm (which holds onto surgical instruments) and a camera. The surgeon sits on a console where he controls the robot wirelessly. The feed from the camera is projected on a monitor, allowing the surgeon to see the incisions.<ref>About robotic surgery at UCLA. (n.d.). https://www.uclahealth.org/robotic-surgery/what-is-robotic-surgery</ref> The system is built to mimic the movement of the surgeon’s hands and has the ability to filter slight hand tremors. But despite the visual feedback, there is no physical feedback. In other words, as the surgeon applies force on the console, the surgeon won’t be able to feel how much pressure he or she is applying to the tissue.
In the medical field, robots are used to make precise movements that are difficult for humans. Robotic surgery involves the use of less-invasive surgical methods, which are “procedures performed through tiny incisions”.<ref>Robotic surgery. (n.d.). <nowiki>https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/robotic-surgery/about/pac-20394974</nowiki><br /></ref> Robots use the [[Da Vinci Surgical System|da Vinci surgical method]], which involves the robotic arm (which holds onto surgical instruments) and a camera. The surgeon sits on a console where he controls the robot wirelessly. The feed from the camera is projected on a monitor, allowing the surgeon to see the incisions.<ref>{{Cite web |title=What is Robotic Surgery? |url=https://www.uclahealth.org/medical-services/robotic-surgery/what-robotic-surgery |access-date=2024-03-01 |website=www.uclahealth.org |language=en}}</ref> The system is built to mimic the movement of the surgeon’s hands and has the ability to filter slight hand tremors. But despite the visual feedback, there is no physical feedback. In other words, as the surgeon applies force on the console, the surgeon won’t be able to feel how much pressure he or she is applying to the tissue.


=== Military ===
=== Military ===
The earliest robots used in the military dates back to the 19th century, where automatic weapons were on the rise due to developments in mass production. The first automated weapons were used in World War I, including radio-controlled, [[Unmanned aerial vehicle|unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs)]]'''.'''<ref>Buckley, J. (1998). ''Warfare and History: Air Power in the Age of Total War''. Routledge.</ref><ref name=":0">McKenna, A. (2016). ''The Future of Drone Use: Opportunities and Threats from Ethical and Legal Perspectives'' (B. Custers, Ed.). The Hague, The Netherlands: T.M.C. Asser Press. {{doi|10.1007/978-94-6265-132-6}}</ref> Since the invention, the technology of ground and aerial robotic weapons continues to develop, it transitioned to become part of modern warfare. In the transition phase of the development, the robots were semi-automatic, being able to be controlled remotely by a human controller. The advancements made in [[sensor]]s and processors lead to advancements in capabilities of [[military robot]]s.<ref name=":1">Singer, P. W. (2009, February 11). Military robots and the laws of war. https://www.brookings.edu/articles/military-robots-and-the-laws-of-war/</ref> Since the mid-20th century, the technology of [[Artificial intelligence|artificial intelligence (A.I.)]] began to develop<ref name=":2">Smith, C., McGuire, B., Huang, T., & Yang, G. (2006, December). ''The history of artificial intelligence''. https://courses.cs.washington.edu/courses/csep590/06au/projects/history-ai.pdf</ref> and in the 21st century, the technology transferred to warfare, and the weapons that were semi-automatous is developing to become [[lethal autonomous weapon]]s systems, LAWS for short.<ref name=":3">Kessel, J. M., Reneau, N., & Chan, M. (2019, December 13). ''A.I. is making it easier to kill (You). here's how'' [Video file]. https://www.nytimes.com/video/technology/100000006082083/lethal-autonomous-weapons.html?searchResultPosition=1</ref>
The earliest robots used in the military dates back to the 19th century, where automatic weapons were on the rise due to developments in mass production. The first automated weapons were used in World War I, including radio-controlled, [[Unmanned aerial vehicle|unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs)]]'''.'''<ref>Buckley, J. (1998). ''Warfare and History: Air Power in the Age of Total War''. Routledge.</ref><ref name=":0">McKenna, A. (2016). ''The Future of Drone Use: Opportunities and Threats from Ethical and Legal Perspectives'' (B. Custers, Ed.). The Hague, The Netherlands: T.M.C. Asser Press. {{doi|10.1007/978-94-6265-132-6}}</ref> Since the invention, the technology of ground and aerial robotic weapons continues to develop, it transitioned to become part of modern warfare. In the transition phase of the development, the robots were semi-automatic, being able to be controlled remotely by a human controller. The advancements made in [[sensor]]s and processors lead to advancements in capabilities of [[military robot]]s.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Military Robots and the Laws of War |url=https://www.brookings.edu/articles/military-robots-and-the-laws-of-war/ |access-date=2024-03-01 |website=Brookings |language=en-US}}</ref> Since the mid-20th century, the technology of [[Artificial intelligence|artificial intelligence (A.I.)]] began to develop<ref name=":2">Smith, C., McGuire, B., Huang, T., & Yang, G. (2006, December). ''The history of artificial intelligence''. https://courses.cs.washington.edu/courses/csep590/06au/projects/history-ai.pdf</ref> and in the 21st century, the technology transferred to warfare, and the weapons that were semi-automatous is developing to become [[lethal autonomous weapon]]s systems, LAWS for short.<ref name=":3">{{Cite news |last1=Kessel |first1=Jonah M. |last2=Reneau |first2=Natalie |last3=Chan |first3=Melissa |date=2019-12-13 |title=Video: A.I. Is Making It Easier to Kill (You). Here's How. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/video/technology/100000006082083/lethal-autonomous-weapons.html |access-date=2024-03-01 |work=The New York Times |language=en-US |issn=0362-4331}}</ref>


==== Impact ====
==== Impact ====
Line 15: Line 15:


=== Space exploration ===
=== Space exploration ===
Space missions involve sending robots into space in the goal of discovering more of the unknown. The robots used in space exploration have been controlled semi-autonomously. The robots that are sent to space have the ability to maneuver itself, and are self-sustaining. To allow for data collection and a controlled research, the robot is always in communications with scientists and engineers on Earth'''.''' For the [[NASA|National Aeronautics and Space Administration’s (NASA)]] [[Curiosity (rover)|Curiosity rover]], which is part of their Mars exploration program, the communication between the rover and the operators are made possible by “an international network of antennas that…permits constant observation of spacecraft as the Earth rotates on its own axis”.<ref>NASA. (n.d.). Mars curiosity rover. https://mars.nasa.gov/msl/mission/communications/</ref>
Space missions involve sending robots into space in the goal of discovering more of the unknown. The robots used in space exploration have been controlled semi-autonomously. The robots that are sent to space have the ability to maneuver itself, and are self-sustaining. To allow for data collection and a controlled research, the robot is always in communications with scientists and engineers on Earth'''.''' For the [[NASA|National Aeronautics and Space Administration’s (NASA)]] [[Curiosity (rover)|Curiosity rover]], which is part of their Mars exploration program, the communication between the rover and the operators are made possible by “an international network of antennas that…permits constant observation of spacecraft as the Earth rotates on its own axis”.<ref>{{Cite web |last= |title=Communications with Earth {{!}} Mission |url=https://mars.nasa.gov/msl/mission/communications |access-date=2024-03-01 |website=NASA Mars Exploration |language=en}}</ref>


=== Artificial intelligence ===
=== Artificial intelligence ===
Line 21: Line 21:


==== Boston Dynamics' robots ====
==== Boston Dynamics' robots ====
[[Boston Dynamics|Boston Dynamic’s]] “Spot” is an autonomous robot that uses four sensors and allows the robot to map where it is relative to its surroundings. The navigational method is called [[simultaneous localization and mapping]], or “SLAM” for short. Spot has several operating modes and depending on the obstacles in front of the robot, it has the ability to override the manual mode of the robot and perform actions successfully. This is similar to other robots made by Boston Dynamics, like the “Atlas”, which also has similar methods of control. When the “Atlas” is being controlled, the control software doesn’t explicitly tell the robot how to move its joints, but rather it employs mathematical models of the underlying physics of the robot’s body and how it interacts with the environment”. Instead of inputting data into every single joint of the robot, the engineers programmed the robot as a whole, which makes it more capable to adapt to its environment. The information in this source is dissimilar to other sources, except the second source, because robots vary so much depending on the situation.<ref>Guizzo, E. (2019, November 27). How boston dynamics is redefining robot agility. https://spectrum.ieee.org/robotics/humanoids/how-boston-dynamics-is-redefining-robot-agility</ref>
[[Boston Dynamics|Boston Dynamic’s]] “Spot” is an autonomous robot that uses four sensors and allows the robot to map where it is relative to its surroundings. The navigational method is called [[simultaneous localization and mapping]], or “SLAM” for short. Spot has several operating modes and depending on the obstacles in front of the robot, it has the ability to override the manual mode of the robot and perform actions successfully. This is similar to other robots made by Boston Dynamics, like the “Atlas”, which also has similar methods of control. When the “Atlas” is being controlled, the control software doesn’t explicitly tell the robot how to move its joints, but rather it employs mathematical models of the underlying physics of the robot’s body and how it interacts with the environment”. Instead of inputting data into every single joint of the robot, the engineers programmed the robot as a whole, which makes it more capable to adapt to its environment. The information in this source is dissimilar to other sources, except the second source, because robots vary so much depending on the situation.<ref>{{Cite web |title=How Boston Dynamics Is Redefining Robot Agility - IEEE Spectrum |url=https://spectrum.ieee.org/how-boston-dynamics-is-redefining-robot-agility |access-date=2024-03-01 |website=[[IEEE]] |language=en}}</ref>


==See also==
==See also==
Line 35: Line 35:
* [[Robot learning]]
* [[Robot learning]]
* [[Vision Based Robot Control]]
* [[Vision Based Robot Control]]
* [[Telerobotics]]


==References==
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{reflist}}
{{Robotics}}
{{Robotics}}
{{Artificial intelligence (AI)}}
{{Differentiable computing}}

[Robot study]


{{DEFAULTSORT:Robot Control}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Robot Control}}
[[Category:Robot control| ]]
[[Category:Robot control| ]]
[[Category:Technology]]


{{Robot-stub}}

Latest revision as of 13:46, 15 November 2024

Robotic control is the system that contributes to the movement of robots. This involves the mechanical aspects and programmable systems that makes it possible to control robots. Robotics can be controlled by various means including manual, wireless, semi-autonomous (a mix of fully automatic and wireless control), and fully autonomous (using artificial intelligence).

Modern robots (2000-present)

[edit]

Medical and surgical

[edit]

In the medical field, robots are used to make precise movements that are difficult for humans. Robotic surgery involves the use of less-invasive surgical methods, which are “procedures performed through tiny incisions”.[1] Robots use the da Vinci surgical method, which involves the robotic arm (which holds onto surgical instruments) and a camera. The surgeon sits on a console where he controls the robot wirelessly. The feed from the camera is projected on a monitor, allowing the surgeon to see the incisions.[2] The system is built to mimic the movement of the surgeon’s hands and has the ability to filter slight hand tremors. But despite the visual feedback, there is no physical feedback. In other words, as the surgeon applies force on the console, the surgeon won’t be able to feel how much pressure he or she is applying to the tissue.

Military

[edit]

The earliest robots used in the military dates back to the 19th century, where automatic weapons were on the rise due to developments in mass production. The first automated weapons were used in World War I, including radio-controlled, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs).[3][4] Since the invention, the technology of ground and aerial robotic weapons continues to develop, it transitioned to become part of modern warfare. In the transition phase of the development, the robots were semi-automatic, being able to be controlled remotely by a human controller. The advancements made in sensors and processors lead to advancements in capabilities of military robots.[5] Since the mid-20th century, the technology of artificial intelligence (A.I.) began to develop[6] and in the 21st century, the technology transferred to warfare, and the weapons that were semi-automatous is developing to become lethal autonomous weapons systems, LAWS for short.[7]

Impact

[edit]

As the weapons are being developed to become fully autonomous, there is an ambiguous line of what is the line that separates an enemy to a civilian. There is currently a debate of whether or not artificial intelligence is able to differentiate these enemies and the question of what is morally and humanely right (for example, a child unknowingly working for the enemies).[7]

Space exploration

[edit]

Space missions involve sending robots into space in the goal of discovering more of the unknown. The robots used in space exploration have been controlled semi-autonomously. The robots that are sent to space have the ability to maneuver itself, and are self-sustaining. To allow for data collection and a controlled research, the robot is always in communications with scientists and engineers on Earth. For the National Aeronautics and Space Administration’s (NASA) Curiosity rover, which is part of their Mars exploration program, the communication between the rover and the operators are made possible by “an international network of antennas that…permits constant observation of spacecraft as the Earth rotates on its own axis”.[8]

Artificial intelligence

[edit]

Artificial intelligence (AI) is used in robotic control to make it able to process and adapt to its surroundings. It is able to be programmed to do a certain task, for instance, walk up a hill. The technology is relatively new, and is being experimented in several fields, such as the military.[4][5][6][7]

Boston Dynamics' robots

[edit]

Boston Dynamic’s “Spot” is an autonomous robot that uses four sensors and allows the robot to map where it is relative to its surroundings. The navigational method is called simultaneous localization and mapping, or “SLAM” for short. Spot has several operating modes and depending on the obstacles in front of the robot, it has the ability to override the manual mode of the robot and perform actions successfully. This is similar to other robots made by Boston Dynamics, like the “Atlas”, which also has similar methods of control. When the “Atlas” is being controlled, the control software doesn’t explicitly tell the robot how to move its joints, but rather it employs mathematical models of the underlying physics of the robot’s body and how it interacts with the environment”. Instead of inputting data into every single joint of the robot, the engineers programmed the robot as a whole, which makes it more capable to adapt to its environment. The information in this source is dissimilar to other sources, except the second source, because robots vary so much depending on the situation.[9]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Robotic surgery. (n.d.). https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/robotic-surgery/about/pac-20394974
  2. ^ "What is Robotic Surgery?". www.uclahealth.org. Retrieved 2024-03-01.
  3. ^ Buckley, J. (1998). Warfare and History: Air Power in the Age of Total War. Routledge.
  4. ^ a b McKenna, A. (2016). The Future of Drone Use: Opportunities and Threats from Ethical and Legal Perspectives (B. Custers, Ed.). The Hague, The Netherlands: T.M.C. Asser Press. doi:10.1007/978-94-6265-132-6
  5. ^ a b "Military Robots and the Laws of War". Brookings. Retrieved 2024-03-01.
  6. ^ a b Smith, C., McGuire, B., Huang, T., & Yang, G. (2006, December). The history of artificial intelligence. https://courses.cs.washington.edu/courses/csep590/06au/projects/history-ai.pdf
  7. ^ a b c Kessel, Jonah M.; Reneau, Natalie; Chan, Melissa (2019-12-13). "Video: A.I. Is Making It Easier to Kill (You). Here's How". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2024-03-01.
  8. ^ "Communications with Earth | Mission". NASA Mars Exploration. Retrieved 2024-03-01.
  9. ^ "How Boston Dynamics Is Redefining Robot Agility - IEEE Spectrum". IEEE. Retrieved 2024-03-01.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Robot_control&oldid=1257546377"