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{{short description|Former synagogue in London, England}}
'''Bayswater Synagogue''' was an [[Ashkenazi Jews|Ashkenazi]]-[[Orthodox Judaism|Orthodox]] synagogue located in Chichester Place, [[Paddington]], [[London]], near the [[Harrow Road]].<ref>[http://www.jewishgen.org/jcr-uk/London/bayswater/ Bayswater Synagogue] at JCR-UK, March 2013</ref> Built in 1863, as a branch synagogue jointly of the [[Great Synagogue of London|Great Synagogue]] and the New Synagogue, it was one of the original five synagogues that formed the [[United Synagogue]] in 1870.<ref>[http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukla/1870/116/pdfs/ukla_18700116_en.pdf Jewish United Synagogue legislation, 1870] page 2</ref><ref>[http://www.jewishgen.org/jcr-uk/london/new/index.htm The New Synagogue] at JCR-UK, March 2013</ref> The original building was demolished in 1965 for construction of the [[Westway, London|Westway]] overpass and the Warwick Estate redevelopment.
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}}
{{EngvarB|date=October 2024}}
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| name = Bayswater Synagogue
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| image = Bayswater Synagogue.jpg
| image_upright = 1.4
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| caption = The former synagogue building
| religious_affiliation = [[Orthodox Judaism]] {{small|(former)}}
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| rite = [[Nusach Ashkenaz]]
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| functional_status = '''Closed'''; and demolished
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| location = Chichester Place, [[Paddington]], [[City of Westminster]], [[London]], [[England]]
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| country = United Kingdom
| map_type = United Kingdom London Westminster
| map_size = 250
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| map_caption = Location of the former synagogue<br/>in the [[City of Westminster]]
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'''Bayswater Synagogue''' was an [[Orthodox Judaism|Orthodox]] [[Judaism|Jewish]] congregation and [[synagogue]] located in Chichester Place, [[Paddington]], in the [[City of Westminster]], [[London]], [[England]], in the United Kingdom.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.jewishgen.org/jcr-uk/London/bayswater/ |title=Bayswater Synagogue |work=Jewish Communities & Records-UK |publisher=[[JewishGen]] and the Jewish Genealogical Society of Great Britain |date=March 2013 |access-date= }}</ref> The congregation worshipped in the [[Nusach Ashkenaz|Ashkenazi]] [[Nusach (Jewish custom)|rite]].

Built in 1863, as a branch synagogue jointly of the [[Great Synagogue of London|Great Synagogue]] and the New Synagogue, it was one of the original five synagogues that formed the [[United Synagogue]] in 1870.<ref>[http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukla/1870/116/pdfs/ukla_18700116_en.pdf Jewish United Synagogue legislation, 1870] page 2</ref><ref>[http://www.jewishgen.org/jcr-uk/london/new/index.htm The New Synagogue] at JCR-UK, March 2013</ref> The building was demolished in 1965 for construction of the [[Westway, London|Westway]] overpass and the Warwick Estate redevelopment.

==History==
From about 1820, many Jewish families had joined the westward expansion of London, placing them at an inconvenient distance from established synagogues whose wardens ("the Jewish City Fathers") required them to attend, even to the exclusion of private worship. Agitation commenced for a new synagogue, and "endless negative negotiations ensued between those who had moved into the Bayswater area and the authorities of the City synagogues." Support was gained from [[Chief Rabbi]] [[Nathan Marcus Adler]] and, after orderly formal proceedings, the Chichester Road site was selected and the foundation stone laid on 10 July 1862. On 21 February 1863 ''The Illustrated London News'' published an article on the new synagogue and, on 30 July 1863, the building was consecrated by the Chief Rabbi.<ref name=Phillips>Phillips, Olga Somech; Simons, Hyman A. The Bayswater Synagogue 1863–1963, London 1963</ref>{{rp|pp.2–4}}

===WWII bombing===
During [[the Blitz]] of [[World War II]], the board-room was destroyed by [[Luftwaffe]] bombing, with the loss of a portrait gallery of 19th-century communal leaders.<ref name=Phillips/>{{rp|p.4}} On the same night (10 May 1941), both London's [[Great Synagogue of London|Great Synagogue]] and the 1870 [[Central Synagogue, London|Central Synagogue]]<ref>[http://www.centralsynagogue.org.uk/about-us/ The Central Synagogue – a brief history] at Central Synagogue London official website</ref> were also destroyed.

==Notable rabbis==
* Dr [[Hermann Adler]] {{post-nominals|country=GBR|CVO}}, from 1864 to 1891; later served as [[Chief Rabbi]] of the UK
* [[Raymond Apple (rabbi)|Raymond Apple]] {{post-nominals|country=AUS|AO}}, from 1960 until its closure in 1965<ref>{{cite web |author=Apple, Raymond (Rabbi) |url=https://www.oztorah.com/2020/10/end-of-an-era-at-bayswater/ |title=End of an era at Bayswater |work=[[The Jewish Chronicle]] |date=28 December 1984 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |author=Apple, Raymond (Rabbi) |url=http://www.oztorah.com/2012/01/valedictory-sermon-bayswater-synagogue/ |title=Valedictory Sermon – Bayswater Synagogue |date=8 May 1965 |via=OzTorah }}</ref>
* Sir [[Hermann Gollancz]], from 1892 to 1922

== See also ==
{{stack|{{portal|London|Judaism}}}}
* [[History of the Jews in England]]
* [[List of former synagogues in the United Kingdom]]


==References==
==References==
Line 5: Line 118:


==External links==
==External links==
* Apple, Raymond (Rabbi) [http://www.oztorah.com/2012/01/valedictory-sermon-bayswater-synagogue/ Valedictory Sermon – Bayswater Synagogue] 8 May 1965, at OzTorah
* [http://www.aim25.ac.uk/cgi-bin/vcdf/detail?coll_id=14840&inst_id=118&nv1 Bayswater Synagogue] at [[AIM25]] Archives collection, March 2010
* {{cite book |url=http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=22678 |chapter=Paddington: Judaism |editor=Elrington C. R. |author=Baker T. F. T. |author2=Bolton, Diane K. |author3=Croot, Patricia E. C. |publisher=Institute of Historical Research |year=1989 |title=A History of the County of Middlesex: Hampstead, Paddington |volume=9 |pages=264–265 |accessdate=13 September 2013 }}
* [http://www.aim25.ac.uk/cgi-bin/vcdf/detail?coll_id=14840&inst_id=118&nv1 Bayswater Synagogue] at AIM25 Archives collection, March 2010

* {{cite web |url=http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=22678 |title=Paddington: Judaism |author=C R Elrington (Editor), T F T Baker, Diane K Bolton, Patricia E C Croot |publisher=Institute of Historical Research |year=1989 |work=A History of the County of Middlesex: Volume 9: Hampstead, Paddington |pages=264–265|accessdate=13 September 2013 }}
{{Synagogues in the United Kingdom}}
{{authority control}}


[[Category:1860s establishments in England]]
{{coord missing|London}}
[[Category:1965 disestablishments in England]]
[[Category:19th-century synagogues in the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Ashkenazi Jewish culture in London]]
[[Category:Ashkenazi synagogues]]
[[Category:Former buildings and structures in the City of Westminster]]
[[Category:Former synagogues in London]]
[[Category:Jewish organizations established in the 1860s]]
[[Category:Former Orthodox synagogues in England]]
[[Category:Religious buildings and structures in the City of Westminster]]
[[Category:Synagogues completed in 1863]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures demolished in 1965]]


[[Category:Buildings and structures in the City of Westminster]]
[[Category:Synagogues in London]]


{{Judaism-stub}}
{{UK-synagogue-stub}}

Latest revision as of 23:37, 20 November 2024

Bayswater Synagogue
The former synagogue building
Religion
AffiliationOrthodox Judaism (former)
RiteNusach Ashkenaz
Ecclesiastical or organisational statusSynagogue (1863–1965)
StatusClosed; and demolished
Location
LocationChichester Place, Paddington, City of Westminster, London, England
CountryUnited Kingdom
Bayswater Synagogue is located in City of Westminster
Bayswater Synagogue
Location of the former synagogue
in the City of Westminster
Geographic coordinates51°31′11″N 0°11′14″W / 51.519834°N 0.187235°W / 51.519834; -0.187235
Architecture
Date established1860s (as a congregation)
Completed1863
Demolished1965
MaterialsBrick

Bayswater Synagogue was an Orthodox Jewish congregation and synagogue located in Chichester Place, Paddington, in the City of Westminster, London, England, in the United Kingdom.[1] The congregation worshipped in the Ashkenazi rite.

Built in 1863, as a branch synagogue jointly of the Great Synagogue and the New Synagogue, it was one of the original five synagogues that formed the United Synagogue in 1870.[2][3] The building was demolished in 1965 for construction of the Westway overpass and the Warwick Estate redevelopment.

History

[edit]

From about 1820, many Jewish families had joined the westward expansion of London, placing them at an inconvenient distance from established synagogues whose wardens ("the Jewish City Fathers") required them to attend, even to the exclusion of private worship. Agitation commenced for a new synagogue, and "endless negative negotiations ensued between those who had moved into the Bayswater area and the authorities of the City synagogues." Support was gained from Chief Rabbi Nathan Marcus Adler and, after orderly formal proceedings, the Chichester Road site was selected and the foundation stone laid on 10 July 1862. On 21 February 1863 The Illustrated London News published an article on the new synagogue and, on 30 July 1863, the building was consecrated by the Chief Rabbi.[4]: pp.2–4 

WWII bombing

[edit]

During the Blitz of World War II, the board-room was destroyed by Luftwaffe bombing, with the loss of a portrait gallery of 19th-century communal leaders.[4]: p.4  On the same night (10 May 1941), both London's Great Synagogue and the 1870 Central Synagogue[5] were also destroyed.

Notable rabbis

[edit]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Bayswater Synagogue". Jewish Communities & Records-UK. JewishGen and the Jewish Genealogical Society of Great Britain. March 2013.
  2. ^ Jewish United Synagogue legislation, 1870 page 2
  3. ^ The New Synagogue at JCR-UK, March 2013
  4. ^ a b Phillips, Olga Somech; Simons, Hyman A. The Bayswater Synagogue 1863–1963, London 1963
  5. ^ The Central Synagogue – a brief history at Central Synagogue London official website
  6. ^ Apple, Raymond (Rabbi) (28 December 1984). "End of an era at Bayswater". The Jewish Chronicle.
  7. ^ Apple, Raymond (Rabbi) (8 May 1965). "Valedictory Sermon – Bayswater Synagogue" – via OzTorah.
[edit]


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