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{{Short description|Species of bird}}
{{Taxobox_begin | color = pink | name = Collared Trogon}}
{{Use American English|date=October 2021}}
<!-- {{Taxobox_image | image = | caption = }} -->
{{Taxobox_begin_placement | color = pink}}
{{Taxobox_regnum_entry | taxon = [[Animal]]ia}}
{{Taxobox_phylum_entry | taxon = [[Chordate|Chordata]]}}
{{Taxobox_classis_entry | taxon = [[Bird|Aves]]}}
{{Taxobox_ordo_entry | taxon = [[Trogoniformes]]}}
{{Taxobox_familia_entry | taxon = [[Trogonidae]]}}
{{Taxobox_genus_entry | taxon = '''''[[Trogon]]'''''}}
{{Taxobox_species_entry | taxon = '''''collaris '''''}}
{{Taxobox_end_placement}}
{{Taxobox_section_binomial | color = pink | binomial_name = Trogon collaris | author = [[Louis Jean Pierre Vieillot|Vieillot]] | date = [[1817]]}}
{{Taxobox_end}}


{{Speciesbox
</table>
| image = Collared_Trogon_(Trogon_collaris)_(4090278016).jpg
The '''Collared Trogon''', ''Trogon collaris'', is a [[near passerine]] [[bird]] in the [[trogon]] family, Trogonidae. The nominate race breeds in [[Mexico]], [[Central America]] and [[South America]] south to [[Peru]] and the [[Amazon]] basin, and ''T. c. exoptatus'' occurs in eastern [[Colombia]], [[Venezuela]] and [[Trinidad and Tobago]].
| image_caption = Male
| status = LC
| status_system = IUCN3.1
| status_ref = <ref name="iucn">{{cite iucn |author=BirdLife International. |year=2022 |title=''Trogon collaris'' |volume=2022 |page=e.T61692251A163899552 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-2.RLTS.T61692251A163899552.en |access-date=14 August 2024}}</ref>
| genus = Trogon
| species = collaris
| authority = [[Louis Pierre Vieillot|Vieillot]], 1817
| range_map = Trogon collaris map.svg
}}


The '''collared trogon''' ('''''Trogon collaris''''') is a [[near passerine]] [[bird]] in family [[Trogonidae]], the quetzals and trogons. It is found in [[Mexico]], throughout [[Central America]], and in northern [[South America]].<ref name=IOC11.2>{{cite web |url=https://www.worldbirdnames.org/ |title=IOC World Bird List |version=v. 11.2) |last1=Gill |first1= F. |last2=Donsker|first2=D.|last3=Rasmussen |first3=P. |date=July 2021 |access-date=July 14, 2021 }}</ref>
It is a resident of tropical forests, where it nests in a hole in a [[termite]] nest or tree, with a typical clutch of two white eggs.


==Taxonomy and systematics==
Collared Trogons feed on [[insect]]s and [[fruit]], and their broad bills and weak legs reflect their diet and arboreal habits. Although their flight is fast, they are reluctant to fly any distance. They typically perch upright and motionless.


The [[International Ornithological Committee]] (IOC) and the [[Clements taxonomy]] recognize these 10 subspecies of collared trogon. They treated ''T. c. aurantiiventris'' ("orange-bellied trogon") as a separate species until the late 2010s.<ref name=IOC11.2/><ref name=Clements>{{cite web|author=Clements, J. F.|author2= T. S. Schulenberg|author3= M. J. Iliff|author4= S. M. Billerman|author5= T. A. Fredericks|author6= J. A. Gerbracht|author7= D. Lepage|author8= B. L. Sullivan|author9= C. L. Wood|year=2021|title=The eBird/Clements checklist of Birds of the World|url= https://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/download/ |access-date= August 25, 2021}}</ref>
Trogons have distinctive male and female plumages, with soft, often colourful, feathers. This species is about 28cm long. The back, head and breast of the male are green, and a white line separates the breast from the pink underparts. The tail is white with black barring, and the wings are black, vermiculated with white.


*''T. c. puella'' <small>[[John Gould|Gould]] (1846)</small>
The female is has a brown back, head and breast, and the underparts are pink rather than the male's scarlet.
*''T. c. underwoodi'' <small>[[Outram Bangs|Bangs]] (1908)</small>
*''T. c. aurantiiventris'' <small>[[John Gould|Gould]] (1846)</small>
*''T. c. extimus'' <small>[[Ludlow Griscom|Griscom]] (1929)</small>
*''T. c. heothinus'' <small>[[Alexander Wetmore|Wetmore]] (1967)</small>
*''T. c. virginalis'' <small>[[Jean Cabanis|Cabanis]] & [[Ferdinand Heine|Heine]] (1863)</small>
*''T. c. subtropicalis'' <small>[[John T. Zimmer|Zimmer]] (1948)</small>
*''T. c. exoptatus'' <small>Cabanis & Heine (1863)</small>
*''T. c. collaris'' <small>[[Louis Pierre Vieillot|Vieillot]] (1817)</small>
*''T. c. castaneus'' <small>[[Johann Baptist von Spix|Spix]] (1824)</small>


[[BirdLife International]]'s ''[[Handbook of the Birds of the World]]'' (HBW) recognizes eight subspecies, excluding ''T. c. aurantiiventris'' and ''T. c. underwoodi''.<ref name=HBW2020>{{cite web|author=HBW |author2=BirdLife International |author2-link=BirdLife International |name-list-style=and |year=2020|title=Handbook of the Birds of the World and BirdLife International digital checklist of the birds of the world |version=Version 5 |url=http://datazone.birdlife.org/userfiles/file/Species/Taxonomy/HBW-BirdLife_Checklist_v5_Dec20.zip |access-date= May 27, 2021}}[.xls zipped 1 MB]</ref>
The call is a plaintif ''caow, caow, caow''.


==Reference ==
==Description==


Trogons have distinctive male and female plumages, with soft, often colorful, feathers. The collared trogon is about {{cvt|25|to|29|cm|in}} long and weigh about {{cvt|41|to|64|g|oz}}. Both sexes have a black face and throat. The male's crown, nape, back, and rump are bright metallic green. The folded wing shows black and white [[vermiculation]]. The breast is also metallic green with a white band separating it from the bright red belly and vent. The upperside of the tail is green with a black tip and the underside is barred black and white. The female is olive brown where the male is green, the closed wing is brown with black vermiculation, and the belly is a duller red than the male's. The underside of the tail is gray with a few black bars and white tips.<ref name="COTR-BOW">{{Cite journal |last=Inman |first=Seth |date=2020 |title=Collared Trogon (''Trogon collaris'')|version= 1.0 |url=https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/coltro1/cur/introduction |journal=Birds of the World |language=en |doi=10.2173/bow.coltro1.01 |issn=2771-3105}}</ref>
* ''Birds of Venezuela'' by Hilty, ISBN 0-7136-6418-5

* ''Birds of Trinidad and Tobago'' by ffrench<!---not capitalised--->, ISBN 0-7136-6759-1
==Distribution and habitat==

The 10 subspecies of collared trogon are found thus:<ref name=IOC11.2/><ref name=COTR-BOW/>

*''T. c. puella'', central Mexico to western [[Panama]]
*''T. c. underwoodi'', northwestern [[Costa Rica]]
*''T. c. aurantiiventris'', central Costa Rica to western Panama
*''T. c. extimus'', eastern [[Darién Province]] in northeastern Panama
*''T. c. heothinus'', Panama's [[Serranía del Darién]]
*''T. c. virginalis'', western [[Colombia]] through western [[Ecuador]] into northwestern [[Peru]]
*''T. c. subtropicalis'', central Colombia, especially the Magdalena and Cauca valleys
*''T. c. exoptatus'', northern [[Venezuela]] (and [[Trinidad & Tobago]]?)
*''T. c. collaris'', east of the Andes from Colombia south to northern [[Bolivia]] and east through [[the Guianas]] and much of west central [[Brazil]] (and Trinidad & Tobago?)
*''T. c. castaneus'', southeastern Colombia south to eastern [[Peru]] and northern Bolivia and into northwestern Brazil; also eastern Brazil

Clements places ''T. c. exoptatus'' in Trinidad & Tobago; the IOC places ''T. c. collaris'' there instead.

In South America the collared trogon inhabits humid lowland [[evergreen forest]], both [[primary forest|primary]] and well-established [[secondary forest|secondary]]. In Mexico and Central America it inhabits those forest types and in addition humid [[montane forest|montane]], semideciduous, and pine-evergreen forests. It is found as high as {{cvt|2400|m|ft|-1}} in Mexico and {{cvt|2300|m|ft|-1}} in Costa Rica, but in the Andes it is mostly below {{cvt|1300|m|ft|-1}} in Ecuador and {{cvt|1200|m|ft|-1}} in Peru.<ref name=COTR-BOW/>

==Behavior==
The collared trogon usually perches between the higher understory and the lower part of the canopy. It is usually seen singly or in pairs, but small groups may gather outside the breeding season.<ref name=COTR-BOW/>

===Feeding===

The collared trogon eats small fruits (such as berries)<ref name="sta.uwi.edu">{{cite web|author=Shaquille Duncan|title=''Trogon collaris'' (Collared Trogon)|website=The Online Guide to the Animals of Trinidad and Tobago|publisher=[[University of the West Indies|UWI]] |url=https://sta.uwi.edu/fst/lifesciences/sites/default/files/lifesciences/documents/ogatt/Trogon_collaris%20-%20Collared%20Trogon.pdf}}</ref> and invertebrates such as caterpillars, crickets, cicadas, beetles, and phasmids.<ref name="sta.uwi.edu"/> They often accompany the edges of [[mixed-species foraging flock]]s but do not mix with the other members.<ref name=COTR-BOW/>

===Breeding===

The collared trogon's nesting season is highly variable across the species' wide distribution, beginning as early as November in French Guiana and as late as April in Venezuela. It nests in cavities in decaying wood or arboreal termite nests; the cavity is often so shallow that much of the bird is visible. The normal clutch size is two eggs. Both sexes incubate the eggs and care for the young.<ref name=COTR-BOW/>

{{birdsong|url=https://www.xeno-canto.org/species/Trogon-collaris |species=collared trogon}}

===Vocalization===

The collared trogon's song varies geographically. The Mexican and Central American populations sing "a plaintive 2-3 noted ''kyow'-kyow or caow' caow'', and a faster ''kyow kyow-kyow''". South American songs are described as "a series of mellow whistled notes, usually with a stuttered introductory note: ''whi'whi whew-whew-whew''." Calls include "a prolonged ''charr''" and a "snorting ''chur-r-r-r''".<ref name=COTR-BOW/>

==Status==

The [[IUCN]] has assessed the collared trogon as being of Least Concern. It has a very large, though not quantified, population and a very large range.<ref name="iucn" />

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Trogon collaris}}
{{Wikispecies|Trogon collaris}}
* {{VIREO|Collared+trogon|Collared trogon}}

==Further reading==

* {{cite book |last = ffrench<!--this name should not be capitalized--> |first = Richard |last2=O'Neill |first2=John Patton |last3=Eckelberry |first3=Don R.|title=A Guide to the Birds of Trinidad and Tobago |edition = 2nd |year = 1991 |location=Ithaca, N.Y. |publisher = Comstock Publishing |isbn = 0-8014-9792-2 }}
* {{cite book |last=Hilty |first=Steven L. |date=2003 |title=Birds of Venezuela |publisher=Princeton University Press |isbn=0-7136-6418-5 }}

{{Trogons}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q1034953}}

[[Category:Trogon (genus)|collared trogon]]
[[Category:Birds of Central America]]
[[Category:Birds of Tumbes-Chocó-Magdalena]]
[[Category:Birds of Trinidad and Tobago]]
[[Category:Birds of the Amazon rainforest]]
[[Category:Birds of the Atlantic Forest]]
[[Category:Birds described in 1817|collared trogon]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Louis Pierre Vieillot|collared trogon]]

Latest revision as of 10:07, 14 August 2024

Collared trogon
Male
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Order: Trogoniformes
Family: Trogonidae
Genus: Trogon
Species:
T. collaris
Binomial name
Trogon collaris
Vieillot, 1817

The collared trogon (Trogon collaris) is a near passerine bird in family Trogonidae, the quetzals and trogons. It is found in Mexico, throughout Central America, and in northern South America.[2]

Taxonomy and systematics

[edit]

The International Ornithological Committee (IOC) and the Clements taxonomy recognize these 10 subspecies of collared trogon. They treated T. c. aurantiiventris ("orange-bellied trogon") as a separate species until the late 2010s.[2][3]

  • T. c. puella Gould (1846)
  • T. c. underwoodi Bangs (1908)
  • T. c. aurantiiventris Gould (1846)
  • T. c. extimus Griscom (1929)
  • T. c. heothinus Wetmore (1967)
  • T. c. virginalis Cabanis & Heine (1863)
  • T. c. subtropicalis Zimmer (1948)
  • T. c. exoptatus Cabanis & Heine (1863)
  • T. c. collaris Vieillot (1817)
  • T. c. castaneus Spix (1824)

BirdLife International's Handbook of the Birds of the World (HBW) recognizes eight subspecies, excluding T. c. aurantiiventris and T. c. underwoodi.[4]

Description

[edit]

Trogons have distinctive male and female plumages, with soft, often colorful, feathers. The collared trogon is about 25 to 29 cm (9.8 to 11.4 in) long and weigh about 41 to 64 g (1.4 to 2.3 oz). Both sexes have a black face and throat. The male's crown, nape, back, and rump are bright metallic green. The folded wing shows black and white vermiculation. The breast is also metallic green with a white band separating it from the bright red belly and vent. The upperside of the tail is green with a black tip and the underside is barred black and white. The female is olive brown where the male is green, the closed wing is brown with black vermiculation, and the belly is a duller red than the male's. The underside of the tail is gray with a few black bars and white tips.[5]

Distribution and habitat

[edit]

The 10 subspecies of collared trogon are found thus:[2][5]

  • T. c. puella, central Mexico to western Panama
  • T. c. underwoodi, northwestern Costa Rica
  • T. c. aurantiiventris, central Costa Rica to western Panama
  • T. c. extimus, eastern Darién Province in northeastern Panama
  • T. c. heothinus, Panama's Serranía del Darién
  • T. c. virginalis, western Colombia through western Ecuador into northwestern Peru
  • T. c. subtropicalis, central Colombia, especially the Magdalena and Cauca valleys
  • T. c. exoptatus, northern Venezuela (and Trinidad & Tobago?)
  • T. c. collaris, east of the Andes from Colombia south to northern Bolivia and east through the Guianas and much of west central Brazil (and Trinidad & Tobago?)
  • T. c. castaneus, southeastern Colombia south to eastern Peru and northern Bolivia and into northwestern Brazil; also eastern Brazil

Clements places T. c. exoptatus in Trinidad & Tobago; the IOC places T. c. collaris there instead.

In South America the collared trogon inhabits humid lowland evergreen forest, both primary and well-established secondary. In Mexico and Central America it inhabits those forest types and in addition humid montane, semideciduous, and pine-evergreen forests. It is found as high as 2,400 m (7,870 ft) in Mexico and 2,300 m (7,550 ft) in Costa Rica, but in the Andes it is mostly below 1,300 m (4,270 ft) in Ecuador and 1,200 m (3,940 ft) in Peru.[5]

Behavior

[edit]

The collared trogon usually perches between the higher understory and the lower part of the canopy. It is usually seen singly or in pairs, but small groups may gather outside the breeding season.[5]

Feeding

[edit]

The collared trogon eats small fruits (such as berries)[6] and invertebrates such as caterpillars, crickets, cicadas, beetles, and phasmids.[6] They often accompany the edges of mixed-species foraging flocks but do not mix with the other members.[5]

Breeding

[edit]

The collared trogon's nesting season is highly variable across the species' wide distribution, beginning as early as November in French Guiana and as late as April in Venezuela. It nests in cavities in decaying wood or arboreal termite nests; the cavity is often so shallow that much of the bird is visible. The normal clutch size is two eggs. Both sexes incubate the eggs and care for the young.[5]

Dickcissel male perched on a metal pole singing, with neck stretched and beak open.

Songs and calls
Listen to collared trogon on xeno-canto

Vocalization

[edit]

The collared trogon's song varies geographically. The Mexican and Central American populations sing "a plaintive 2-3 noted kyow'-kyow or caow' caow, and a faster kyow kyow-kyow". South American songs are described as "a series of mellow whistled notes, usually with a stuttered introductory note: whi'whi whew-whew-whew." Calls include "a prolonged charr" and a "snorting chur-r-r-r".[5]

Status

[edit]

The IUCN has assessed the collared trogon as being of Least Concern. It has a very large, though not quantified, population and a very large range.[1]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b BirdLife International. (2022). "Trogon collaris". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2022: e.T61692251A163899552. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2022-2.RLTS.T61692251A163899552.en. Retrieved 14 August 2024.
  2. ^ a b c Gill, F.; Donsker, D.; Rasmussen, P. (July 2021). "IOC World Bird List". v. 11.2). Retrieved July 14, 2021.
  3. ^ Clements, J. F.; T. S. Schulenberg; M. J. Iliff; S. M. Billerman; T. A. Fredericks; J. A. Gerbracht; D. Lepage; B. L. Sullivan; C. L. Wood (2021). "The eBird/Clements checklist of Birds of the World". Retrieved August 25, 2021.
  4. ^ HBW and BirdLife International (2020). "Handbook of the Birds of the World and BirdLife International digital checklist of the birds of the world". Version 5. Retrieved May 27, 2021.[.xls zipped 1 MB]
  5. ^ a b c d e f g Inman, Seth (2020). "Collared Trogon (Trogon collaris)". Birds of the World. 1.0. doi:10.2173/bow.coltro1.01. ISSN 2771-3105.
  6. ^ a b Shaquille Duncan. "Trogon collaris (Collared Trogon)" (PDF). The Online Guide to the Animals of Trinidad and Tobago. UWI.
[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Trogon collaris.
Wikispecies has information related to Trogon collaris.

Further reading

[edit]
  • ffrench, Richard; O'Neill, John Patton; Eckelberry, Don R. (1991). A Guide to the Birds of Trinidad and Tobago (2nd ed.). Ithaca, N.Y.: Comstock Publishing. ISBN 0-8014-9792-2.
  • Hilty, Steven L. (2003). Birds of Venezuela. Princeton University Press. ISBN 0-7136-6418-5.
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