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Coordinates: 35°41′53.5″N 51°26′14″E / 35.698194°N 51.43722°E / 35.698194; 51.43722
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{{Short description|Mosque in Tehran, Iranian national heritage site}}
{{Rough translation|1=Farsi|listed=yes|date=October 2020}}
{{Infobox religious building
[[Image:Fakhr al-Dawla mosque.JPG|thumb|right|Fakhr al-Dawla Mosque]]
| name = Fakhr-ol-dowleh Mosque
{{Underlinked|date=November 2015}}
| native_name = مسجد فخرالدوله
| native_name_lang = fa
| image = Fakhr al-Dawla mosque.JPG
| caption = Fakhr-ol-dowleh mosque, with its half-octagonal entrance
| map_type = Tehran
| coordinates = {{coord|35|41|53.5|N|51|26|14|E|type:landmark_region:IR|display=inline,title}}
| coordinates_footnotes =
| religious_affiliation = [[Shia Islam]]
| location =Darvazeh Shemiran, [[Tehran]]
| province = [[Tehran]]
| country = [[Iran]]
| heritage_designation = 2004
| architect =[[Nikolai Markov (architect)|Nikolai Markov]]
| architecture_type = [[Mosque]]
| founded_by =[[Fakhr-ol-dowleh]]
| established =1945
| year_completed =1949
| date_demolished = <!-- or | date_destroyed = -->
}}


''' Fakhr Al-dawla mosque ''' ([[Persian language|Persian]]:مسجد فخرالدوله) Historic [[Mosque]] in the street Fakhrabad in the neighborhood Darvazehshemiran in [[Tehran]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=City and citizenship|title=hamshahrionline|url=http://www.hamshahrionline.ir/details/254043/City/identity}}</ref>
'''Fakhr-ol-dowleh mosque '''({{Langx|fa|مسجد فخرالدوله}}) or '''Fakhr mosque''', originally named '''Amin-ol-dowleh mosque''' ({{Langx|fa|مسجد امین‌الدوله}}), is a historic [[mosque]] on Fakhrabad Street in the Shemiran Gate neighborhood of [[Tehran]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=City and citizenship|title=hamshahrionline|url=http://www.hamshahrionline.ir/details/254043/City/identity}}</ref> It was designed and built by [[Nikolai Markov (architect)|Nikolai Markov]] in 1949. [[Fakhr-ol-dowleh]], the daughter of [[Naser al-Din Shah Qajar|Naser al-Din Shah]], was the founder of the mosque and named it after her father-in-law, Amin-ol-dowleh. However, the mosque is now called Fakhr or Fakhr-ol-dowleh after its founder.


Some minor and major changes were made to the building over the years, and some parts of it have been damaged due to the construction in the front of the building, and the passing of subway trains heading to and coming from the [[Darvazeh Shemiran Metro Station]].
== Manufacturers ==
The mosque building of Mirza Ali Khan Amin al-Dawla started in 1945 and Lasted 4 years. The monument in 1949 by the (Lady [[Fakhr-ol-dowleh]]) and in front of her house was completed. Markov during the reign of Reza Shah of Iran's most prominent architects, and many buildings in Tehran and other cities to build. Mosque (Honeysuckle) He also established at the request of its founder Mrs. Fakhr al -dawla.<ref>{{cite book|last1=First Book|title=ketabeavval|url=http://www.ketabeavval.ir/Tehran/2281.aspx|access-date=2015-10-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100925213314/http://www.ketabeavval.ir/Tehran/2281.aspx|archive-date=2010-09-25|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Tehran Mosque Fakhr in the national index recorded|title=chn|url=http://www.chn.ir/NSite/FullStory/News/?Id=82938&Serv=0&SGr=0|access-date=2015-10-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304111239/http://www.chn.ir/NSite/FullStory/News/?Id=82938&Serv=0&SGr=0|archive-date=2016-03-04|url-status=dead}}</ref>


== Building specifications ==
== History ==
In 1945, Fakhr-ol-dowleh, who was married to Amin-ol-dowleh junior, son of Mirza Ali Khan Amin-ol-dowleh, decided to build a mosque named after Mirza Ali Khan in front of her house. However, the name of the mosque, and the neighborhood it's located in, changed to Fakhr-ol-dowleh over time.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=Shabazi|first=Dariush|title=مسجد امین‌الدوله (فخرالدوله)|trans-title=Amin al-Dawla mosque (Fakhr al-Dawla)|url=https://www.darioush-shahbazi.com/articles/%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AC%D8%AF-%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84%D9%87-%D9%81%D8%AE%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84%D9%87|access-date=2021-08-27|website=www.darioush-shahbazi.com|language=fa-ir}}</ref> She appointed architect [[Nikolai Markov (architect)|Nikolai Markov]], one of the most notable architects in Iran at the time, designed and built the mosque.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|date=May 31, 2018|title=مسجد فخرالدوله یادگاری از زن کاردان قاجار|trans-title=Fakhr al-Dawla mosque, a relic of a deft Qajar woman|url=http://newspaper.hamshahrionline.ir/|access-date=2021-08-27|website=Hamshahri Online|language=fa}}</ref><ref name=":1">{{cite book|last1=Tehran Mosque Fakhr in the national index recorded|url=http://www.chn.ir/NSite/FullStory/News/?Id=82938&Serv=0&SGr=0|title=chn|access-date=2015-10-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304111239/http://www.chn.ir/NSite/FullStory/News/?Id=82938&Serv=0&SGr=0|archive-date=2016-03-04|url-status=dead}}</ref> Construction of the building took four years to complete.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Jafari|first=Mojgan|date=10 March 2019|title=یادگار یک بانوی نیکوکار فخر دروازه شمیران|trans-title=Memorial of a charitable lady, pride of the Shemiran Gate|url=https://www.cgie.org.ir/fa/news/213665/یادگار-یک-بانوی-نیکوکار-فخر-دروازه-شمیران|access-date=2021-08-27|website=The Centre for the Great Islamic Encyclopaedia (Centre for Iranian and Islamic Studies)|language=fa}}</ref>
The decorative tiles with background colors, cream, turquoise and azure. The main building consists of two cube-shaped brick yard and a large main dome. The four half-columns on top of each brick building, is a small dome of the building specifications.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Fakhr Al-dawla Mosque|title=hamshahrionline|url=http://www.hamshahrionline.ir/News/?id=866410}}{{Dead link|date=December 2019 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>


On 29 December 2004, the Fakhr-ol-dowleh mosque was registered on the [[Iran National Heritage List]].<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite web|last=|date=2004-12-29|title=مسجد فخر تهران در فهرست آثار ملی ثبت شد|trans-title=Fakhr mosque of Tehran has been registered in the National Heritage List|url=https://www.irna.ir/news/9783834/مسجد-فخر-تهران-در-فهرست-آثار-ملی-ثبت-شد|access-date=2021-08-27|website=IRNA, The Islamic Republic News Agency|language=fa}}</ref>
== The situation today ==

Fakhr Al-dawla mosque, one of the main mosques in the region and is part of the identity of Tehran. The building of this mosque in Iran's national index. In addition to worship, political events such as elections also done in the mosque.<ref>{{cite book|last1= Metro damage to the dome Fakhr Al-dawla|title=mehrnews|url=http://www.mehrnews.com/news/2360288/%D8%A2%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%A8-%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%88-%D8%A8%D9%87-%DA%AF%D9%86%D8%A8%D8%AF-%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AC%D8%AF-%D9%81%D8%AE%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84%D9%87-%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AC%D8%AF-%D9%81%D8%AE%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84%D9%87-%D9%87%D8%B1-%D8%AF%D9%88-%D8%AF%D9%82%DB%8C%D9%82%D9%87}}</ref>
== Characteristics ==
The [[façade]] of the building consists of bricks and [[marquetry]] mosaics and the half-octagonal-shaped entrance has four small [[minaret]]s on each corner.<ref name=":0" /> The main structure consists of a cube-shaped main building with two [[shabestan]]s inside.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=September 1, 2014|title=آسیب مترو به گنبد مسجد فخرالدوله|trans-title=Damages from subway to the dome of the Fakhr al-Dawla mosque|url=http://jamejamonline.ir/fa/news/712175|access-date=2021-08-27|website=Jam-e-Jam Online|language=fa}}</ref> The [[dome]] of the building originally wasn't very high; the current taller dome was built in subsequent years.<ref name=":0" /> Some parts of the current structure, such as the taller dome, added [[āina-kāri]]s inside the mosque, and the women's section in the front yard, were added to the building later.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":2" />

== Damage to the building ==
In January 2011, a historic building near the Fakhr-ol-dowleh mosque named the Building of Flags, considered the first [[apartment hotel]] in Iran, was due to be registered on the [[Iran National Heritage List|National Heritage List]]. This building was demolished before the registration in order to build a new commercial complex. Part of the construction site for the high-rise complex impinged on the front of the historic mosque, even though construction of structures higher than {{Convert|7|m|ft}} adjacent to registered historic and heritage buildings is forbidden by regulations for the protection of the cultural heritage in Iran.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2011-01-10|title=تخریب کامل ساختمان تاریخی پرچم دروازه شمیران تا پایان هفته|trans-title=Complete demolition of the historic Building of Flags in Shemiran Gate by the end of the week|url=https://www.mehrnews.com/news/1228140/تخریب-کامل-ساختمان-تاریخی-پرچم-دروازه-شمیران-تا-پایان-هفته|access-date=2021-08-27|website=Mehr News Agency|language=fa}}</ref>

Also, subway trains pass under the mosque every two minutes. The tremors caused by passing trains have cracked the dome of the mosque, and some mosaics on the facade have fallen off the walls.<ref name=":3" /><ref>{{Cite web|date=February 1, 2016|title=مسجدی هم سطح با عالی قاپوی اصفهان/نفس موقوفه "فخرالدوله" به شماره افتاد|trans-title=mosque on the same level as Isfahan's Ālī Qāpū/The breath of the "Fakhr al-Dawla" endowment is numbered|url=http://www.shabestan.ir/|access-date=2021-08-27|website=Shabestan News Agency|language=fa|archive-date=2021-09-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210914082805/http://shabestan.ir/|url-status=dead}}</ref>


== References ==
== References ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}


{{commons category}}
{{coord missing|Tehran Province}}{{Mosques in Iran}}{{Tehran Province}}
{{Mosques in Iran}}{{Tehran Province}}

[[Category:Mosques in Tehran]]
[[Category:Mosques in Tehran]]
[[Category:Mosque buildings with domes]]
[[Category:Mosque buildings with domes]]
[[Category:National works of Iran]]
[[Category:Pahlavi Iran]]
[[Category:1949 establishments in Iran]]

Latest revision as of 14:06, 3 November 2024

Fakhr-ol-dowleh Mosque
مسجد فخرالدوله
Fakhr-ol-dowleh mosque, with its half-octagonal entrance
Religion
AffiliationShia Islam
ProvinceTehran
Location
LocationDarvazeh Shemiran, Tehran
CountryIran
Fakhr-ol-dowleh Mosque is located in Tehran
Fakhr-ol-dowleh Mosque
Shown within Tehran
Geographic coordinates35°41′53.5″N 51°26′14″E / 35.698194°N 51.43722°E / 35.698194; 51.43722
Architecture
Architect(s)Nikolai Markov
TypeMosque
FounderFakhr-ol-dowleh
Date established1945
Completed1949

Fakhr-ol-dowleh mosque (Persian: مسجد فخرالدوله) or Fakhr mosque, originally named Amin-ol-dowleh mosque (Persian: مسجد امین‌الدوله), is a historic mosque on Fakhrabad Street in the Shemiran Gate neighborhood of Tehran.[1] It was designed and built by Nikolai Markov in 1949. Fakhr-ol-dowleh, the daughter of Naser al-Din Shah, was the founder of the mosque and named it after her father-in-law, Amin-ol-dowleh. However, the mosque is now called Fakhr or Fakhr-ol-dowleh after its founder.

Some minor and major changes were made to the building over the years, and some parts of it have been damaged due to the construction in the front of the building, and the passing of subway trains heading to and coming from the Darvazeh Shemiran Metro Station.

History

[edit]

In 1945, Fakhr-ol-dowleh, who was married to Amin-ol-dowleh junior, son of Mirza Ali Khan Amin-ol-dowleh, decided to build a mosque named after Mirza Ali Khan in front of her house. However, the name of the mosque, and the neighborhood it's located in, changed to Fakhr-ol-dowleh over time.[2] She appointed architect Nikolai Markov, one of the most notable architects in Iran at the time, designed and built the mosque.[3][4] Construction of the building took four years to complete.[5]

On 29 December 2004, the Fakhr-ol-dowleh mosque was registered on the Iran National Heritage List.[4][6]

Characteristics

[edit]

The façade of the building consists of bricks and marquetry mosaics and the half-octagonal-shaped entrance has four small minarets on each corner.[2] The main structure consists of a cube-shaped main building with two shabestans inside.[7] The dome of the building originally wasn't very high; the current taller dome was built in subsequent years.[2] Some parts of the current structure, such as the taller dome, added āina-kāris inside the mosque, and the women's section in the front yard, were added to the building later.[2][3]

Damage to the building

[edit]

In January 2011, a historic building near the Fakhr-ol-dowleh mosque named the Building of Flags, considered the first apartment hotel in Iran, was due to be registered on the National Heritage List. This building was demolished before the registration in order to build a new commercial complex. Part of the construction site for the high-rise complex impinged on the front of the historic mosque, even though construction of structures higher than 7 metres (23 ft) adjacent to registered historic and heritage buildings is forbidden by regulations for the protection of the cultural heritage in Iran.[8]

Also, subway trains pass under the mosque every two minutes. The tremors caused by passing trains have cracked the dome of the mosque, and some mosaics on the facade have fallen off the walls.[7][9]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ City and citizenship. hamshahrionline.
  2. ^ a b c d Shabazi, Dariush. "مسجد امین‌الدوله (فخرالدوله)" [Amin al-Dawla mosque (Fakhr al-Dawla)]. www.darioush-shahbazi.com (in Persian). Retrieved 2021-08-27.
  3. ^ a b "مسجد فخرالدوله یادگاری از زن کاردان قاجار" [Fakhr al-Dawla mosque, a relic of a deft Qajar woman]. Hamshahri Online (in Persian). May 31, 2018. Retrieved 2021-08-27.
  4. ^ a b Tehran Mosque Fakhr in the national index recorded. chn. Archived from the original on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2015-10-13.
  5. ^ Jafari, Mojgan (10 March 2019). "یادگار یک بانوی نیکوکار فخر دروازه شمیران" [Memorial of a charitable lady, pride of the Shemiran Gate]. The Centre for the Great Islamic Encyclopaedia (Centre for Iranian and Islamic Studies) (in Persian). Retrieved 2021-08-27.
  6. ^ "مسجد فخر تهران در فهرست آثار ملی ثبت شد" [Fakhr mosque of Tehran has been registered in the National Heritage List]. IRNA, The Islamic Republic News Agency (in Persian). 2004-12-29. Retrieved 2021-08-27.
  7. ^ a b "آسیب مترو به گنبد مسجد فخرالدوله" [Damages from subway to the dome of the Fakhr al-Dawla mosque]. Jam-e-Jam Online (in Persian). September 1, 2014. Retrieved 2021-08-27.
  8. ^ "تخریب کامل ساختمان تاریخی پرچم دروازه شمیران تا پایان هفته" [Complete demolition of the historic Building of Flags in Shemiran Gate by the end of the week]. Mehr News Agency (in Persian). 2011-01-10. Retrieved 2021-08-27.
  9. ^ "مسجدی هم سطح با عالی قاپوی اصفهان/نفس موقوفه "فخرالدوله" به شماره افتاد" [mosque on the same level as Isfahan's Ālī Qāpū/The breath of the "Fakhr al-Dawla" endowment is numbered]. Shabestan News Agency (in Persian). February 1, 2016. Archived from the original on 2021-09-14. Retrieved 2021-08-27.
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