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{{other uses|Ultimax (disambiguation){{!}}Ultimax}}
{{other uses|Ultimax (disambiguation){{!}}Ultimax}}
{{Infobox weapon
{{Infobox weapon
|name=Ultimax 100
| name = Ultimax 100
| image= Cis-ultimax-100.jpg
| image = Cis-ultimax-100.jpg
|caption= Ultimax 100 Section Automatic Weapon (SAW)
| caption = Ultimax 100 Section Automatic Weapon (SAW)
|type=[[Light machine gun]]
| type = [[Light machine gun]], [[Squad automatic weapon]]
<!-- Type selection -->
<!-- Type selection -->| service = 1982–present<ref name="JGRG2008">Richard J, 2008.</ref>
⚫
| wars = [[Bougainville Civil War]]<br />[[Yugoslav Wars]]<br />Anti-guerrilla operations in [[Indonesia]] & the [[Philippines]]<br />[[2006 Fijian coup d'état]]<br />[[2000 Solomon Islands coup d'état|Solomon Islands coup]]<br />[[War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)|War in Afghanistan]]<br />[[Sri Lankan civil war|Sri Lankan Civil War]]<!-- Production history -->
⚫
|service=1982–present<ref name="JGRG2008">Richard J, 2008.</ref>
⚫
| designer = [[L. James Sullivan]] for [[ST Kinetics#1967–1986: Rapid growth and expansion|Chartered Industries of Singapore]] (CIS, now [[ST Kinetics]])
⚫
|wars=[[Bougainville Civil War]]<br>[[Yugoslav Wars]]<br>Anti-guerrilla operations in [[Indonesia]] & the [[Philippines]]<br>[[2006 Fijian coup d'état]]<br>[[List of coups d'état and coup attempts#2000|Solomon Islands coup]]<br>[[Afghanistan war]]<br>[[Sri Lankan Civil War]]<!-- Production history -->
⚫
| number = ~80,000<ref name="JGRG2008"/>
⚫
|designer=[[L. James Sullivan]] for [[ST Kinetics#1967–1986: Rapid growth and expansion|Chartered Industries of Singapore]] (CIS, now [[ST Kinetics]])
⚫
| spec_label =
⚫
|number=~80,000<ref name="JGRG2008"/>
| length =
⚫
|spec_label=
|length=• Mark 2: {{convert|1030|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} with buttstock, {{convert|800|mm|abbr=on|1}} w/o buttstock<ref name="JGRG2008"/><br>• Mark 3: {{convert|1024|mm|abbr=on|1}} with buttstock, {{convert|810|mm|abbr=on|1}} w/o buttstock<ref name="JGRG2008"/>
* Mark 2: {{convert|1030|mm|in|1|abbr=on}} with buttstock, {{convert|800|mm|abbr=on|1}} w/o buttstock<ref name="JGRG2008"/>
* Mark 3: {{convert|1024|mm|abbr=on|1}} with buttstock, {{convert|810|mm|abbr=on|1}} w/o buttstock<ref name="JGRG2008"/>
|width=
| width =
⚫
| height = <!-- Ranged weapon specifications -->
|height=
⚫
| action = [[Gas-operated reloading|Gas-operated]], [[rotating bolt]]<ref name="JGRG2008"/>
⚫
<!-- Ranged weapon specifications -->
⚫
| image_size = 300
⚫
|action=[[Gas-operated reloading|Gas-operated]], [[rotating bolt]]<ref name="JGRG2008"/>
⚫
| origin = [[Singapore]]
⚫
| image_size = 300
⚫
| is_ranged = yes
⚫
|origin=[[Singapore]]
⚫
<!-- Service history -->| used_by = See ''[[#Users|Users]]''
⚫
|is_ranged=yes
⚫
| design_date = 1978<ref name="JGRG2008"/>
<!-- Service history -->
| manufacturer = * CIS: 1982–2000<ref name="JGRG2008"/>
⚫
|used_by= See ''[[#Users|Users]]''
|design_date=1978<ref name="JGRG2008"/>
* ST Kinetics: 2000–present<ref name="JGRG2008"/>
⚫
| unit_cost =
|manufacturer=• CIS: 1982–2000<ref name="JGRG2008"/><br>• ST Kinetics: 2000–present<ref name="JGRG2008"/>
⚫
| production_date = 1982–present<ref name="JGRG2008"/>
⚫
|unit_cost=
⚫
| variants = See ''[[#Variants|variants]]''
⚫
|production_date=1982–present<ref name="JGRG2008"/>
<!-- General specifications -->| weight = * Mark 2: {{convert|4.75|kg|lb|2|abbr=on}}<ref name="JGRG2008"/>
⚫
|variants= See ''[[#Variants|variants]]''
⚫
* Mark 3: {{convert|4.90|kg|abbr=on}}<ref name="JGRG2008"/>
<!-- General specifications -->
* 6.8 kg (15 lb) when loaded 100 rounds
⚫
|weight=• Mark 2: {{convert|4.75|kg|lb|2|abbr=on}}<ref name="JGRG2008"/><br>• Mark 3: {{convert|4.90|kg|abbr=on}}<ref name="JGRG2008"/>
|part_length=• Standard: {{convert|508|mm|abbr=on|1}}<ref name="JGRG2008"/><br>• Ultimax 100 para: {{convert|330|mm|abbr=on|1}}<ref name="JGRG2008"/>
| part_length =
* Standard: {{convert|508|mm|abbr=on|1}}<ref name="JGRG2008"/>
* Ultimax 100 para: {{convert|330|mm|abbr=on|1}}<ref name="JGRG2008"/>
|cartridge=[[5.56×45mm NATO]]<ref name="JGRG2008"/>
| cartridge = [[5.56×45mm NATO]]<ref name="JGRG2008"/>
|caliber={{Convert|5.56|mm|in|2|abbr=on}}<ref name="JGRG2008"/>
| caliber = {{Convert|5.56|mm|in|2|abbr=on}}<ref name="JGRG2008"/>
|barrels= Single barrel (progressive RH parabolic twist, 6 grooves)<ref name="JGRG2008"/>
| barrels = Single barrel (progressive RH parabolic twist, 6 grooves)<ref name="JGRG2008"/>
|rate=400–600 rounds/min<ref name="JGRG2008"/>
| rate = 400–600 rounds/min<ref name="JGRG2008"/>
|velocity={{convert|970|m/s|0|abbr=on}} [[5.56×45mm NATO#Military cartridge types|(M193 cartridge)]]<br> {{convert|945|m/s|abbr=on|1}} [[5.56×45mm NATO#Military cartridge types|(SS109/M855 cartridge)]]
| velocity = {{convert|970|m/s|0|abbr=on}} [[5.56×45mm NATO#Military cartridges|(M193 cartridge)]]<br /> {{convert|945|m/s|abbr=on|1}} [[5.56×45mm NATO#Military cartridges|(SS109/M855 cartridge)]]
|range=100–1,200 m sight adjustments<ref name="JGRG2008"/>
| range = 100–1,200 m sight adjustments<ref name="JGRG2008"/>
|max_range=460 m (M193 cartridge)<br> 1,300 m (SS109/M855 cartridge)
| max_range = 460 m (M193 cartridge)<br /> 1,300 m (SS109/M855 cartridge)
|feed=100-round [[drum magazine]] or 30-round [[STANAG]] [[M16 rifle|M16]] [[box magazine]]<ref name="JGRG2008"/>
| feed = 100-round [[drum magazine]] or 30-round [[STANAG]] [[M16 rifle|M16]] [[box magazine]]<ref name="JGRG2008"/>
|sights=Rear aperture sight and front post<br> {{convert|472|mm|abbr=on|1}} sight radius<ref name="JGRG2008"/>
| sights = Rear aperture sight and front post<br /> {{convert|472|mm|abbr=on|1}} sight radius<ref name="JGRG2008"/>
}}
}}


The '''Ultimax 100''' is a [[Singapore]]-made [[5.56×45mm NATO|5.56mm]] [[light machine gun]], developed by the Chartered Industries of Singapore (CIS, now [[ST Kinetics]]) by a team of engineers under the guidance of American firearms designer [[L. James Sullivan]].<ref name="JGRG2008"/> The weapon is extremely accurate due to its constant-recoil operating system.<ref name="Andrew1093">Andrew, pp. 1093.</ref> It is considered one of the lightest machine guns in the world.<ref name=Capie>{{cite book|last=Capie|first=David|title=Under the Gun: The Small Arms Challenge in the Pacific|date=2004|pages=70–71|publisher=Victoria University Press|location=Wellington|isbn=978-0864734532 }}</ref>
The '''Ultimax 100''' is a [[Singapore]]-made [[5.56×45mm NATO|5.56mm]] [[light machine gun]], developed by the Chartered Industries of Singapore (CIS, now [[ST Kinetics]]) by a team of engineers under the guidance of American firearms designer [[L. James Sullivan]].<ref name="JGRG2008"/> The weapon is extremely accurate due to its constant-recoil operating system<ref name="Andrew1093">Andrew, 1989</ref> and is one of the lightest machine guns in the world.<ref name=Capie>{{cite book|last=Capie|first=David|title=Under the Gun: The Small Arms Challenge in the Pacific|date=2004|pages=70–71|publisher=Victoria University Press|location=Wellington|isbn=978-0864734532 }}</ref>


Work on a new light support weapon for the [[Singapore Army]] began in 1978. The weapon is produced by CIS (presently STK—Singapore Technologies Kinetics), initially in the '''Mark 1''' version, later—the '''Mark 2''', and currently, in the '''Mark 3''' and '''Mark 4''' variant. The Ultimax 100 (also called the '''U 100''') is used in significant numbers by the armed forces of Singapore, [[Croatia]] and the [[Philippines]].<ref name="JGRG2008"/> The Mark 3 variant is currently used in the Singapore Armed Forces primarily as a support arm, and is both classified and known by soldiers as the [[Squad automatic weapon|SAW]] (Section Assault Weapon).<ref name="cyberpioneer">{{cite web|url=http://www.mindef.gov.sg/imindef/publications/cyberpioneer/features/2011/mar11_fs2.html|title=Small and Deadly|accessdate=2012-10-22|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120805005244/http://www.mindef.gov.sg/imindef/publications/cyberpioneer/features/2011/mar11_fs2.html|archive-date=2012-08-05|url-status=live}}</ref>
Work on a new light support weapon for the [[Singapore Army]] began in 1978. The weapon is produced by CIS (presently STK—Singapore Technologies Kinetics), initially in the '''Mark 1''' version, later—the '''Mark 2''', and currently, in the '''Mark 3''' and '''Mark 4''' variant. The Ultimax 100 (also called the '''U 100''') is used in significant numbers by the armed forces of Singapore, [[Croatia]] and the [[Philippines]].<ref name="JGRG2008"/> The Mark 3 variant is currently used in the Singapore Armed Forces primarily as a support arm, and is both classified and known by soldiers as the [[Squad automatic weapon|SAW]] (Squad Automatic Weapon).<ref name="cyberpioneer">{{cite web|url=http://www.mindef.gov.sg/imindef/publications/cyberpioneer/features/2011/mar11_fs2.html|title=Small and Deadly|access-date=2012-10-22|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120805005244/http://www.mindef.gov.sg/imindef/publications/cyberpioneer/features/2011/mar11_fs2.html|archive-date=2012-08-05|url-status=live}}</ref>


==Design details==
==Design details==
The Ultimax 100 is a [[Gas-operated reloading|gas-operated]] automatic weapon (capable of fully automatic fire only) with a short-stroke gas piston operating system powered by ignited powder gases diverted from the barrel through a port in the gas block. The Ultimax 100 is a locked breech weapon with a [[rotating bolt]] that contains 7 locking lugs. It fires from an [[open bolt]] position. The bolt contains both a spring [[Extractor (firearms)|extractor]] and a casing ejector. The weapon's non-reciprocating cocking handle is located on the left side of the [[Receiver (firearms)|receiver]] and occupies the forward position during firing. The Ultimax 100 is striker-fired.
The Ultimax 100 is a [[Gas-operated reloading|gas-operated]] automatic weapon (capable of fully automatic fire only) with a short-stroke gas piston operating system powered by ignited powder gases diverted from the barrel through a port in the gas block. The Ultimax 100 is a locked breech weapon with a [[rotating bolt]] that contains seven locking lugs. It fires from an [[open bolt]] position. The bolt contains both a spring [[Extractor (firearms)|extractor]] and a casing ejector. The weapon's non-reciprocating cocking handle is located on the left side of the [[Receiver (firearms)|receiver]] and occupies the forward position during firing. The Ultimax 100 is striker-fired.


The feature that grants the weapon its low recoil (compared to similar light machine guns) is the "constant recoil" principle. The overall design allows the bolt carrier group to travel all the way back without ever impacting the rear, instead stopping gradually along the axis of movement against the resistance of the return springs.<ref name="JGRG2008"/><ref name="USPTO">{{cite web|url=http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=4475438|title=(United States Patent: 4,475,438) Gas operated, automatic or semi-automatic guns|last=[[L. James Sullivan]]|date=9 October 1984|publisher=[[United States Patent and Trademark Office]]|accessdate=8 May 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180118123921/http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=4475438|archive-date=18 January 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Jane's International Defence Review]] correspondent — Andrew Tillman, in an exclusive invitation from ST Kinetics to participate in the Product Improvement Program (PIP, initiated in 1989) to test fire the gun, elaborated:<ref name="Andrew1095">Andrew, pp. 1095.</ref>
The feature that grants the weapon its low recoil (compared to similar light machine guns) is the "constant recoil" principle. The overall design allows the bolt carrier group to travel all the way back without ever impacting the rear, instead stopping gradually along the axis of movement against the resistance of the return springs.<ref name="JGRG2008"/><ref name="USPTO">{{cite web|url=http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=4475438|title=(United States Patent: 4,475,438) Gas operated, automatic or semi-automatic guns|last=L. James Sullivan|author-link=L. James Sullivan|date=9 October 1984|publisher=[[United States Patent and Trademark Office]]|access-date=8 May 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180118123921/http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=4475438|archive-date=18 January 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Jane's International Defence Review]] correspondent—Andrew Tillman, in an exclusive invitation from ST Kinetics to participate in the Product Improvement Program (PIP, initiated in 1989) to test fire the gun, elaborated:<ref name="Andrew1095">Andrew, pp. 1095.</ref>
{{quotation|This article began by praising the ''Ultimax'' for its ease of control, which allows accurate fire. A comment to the author by an experienced SEAL team leader aptly underlines the importance of having an ''accurate'' light machine gun: "Men react one of two ways when they are shot at. If you just shoot at them, they will take cover and return fire, but if you start hitting them, they withdraw."}}
{{quotation|This article began by praising the ''Ultimax'' for its ease of control, which allows accurate fire. A comment to the author by an experienced SEAL team leader aptly underlines the importance of having an ''accurate'' light machine gun: "Men react one of two ways when they are shot at. If you just shoot at them, they will take cover and return fire, but if you start hitting them, they withdraw."}}


The magazine catch consists of two tapered pins on a bar, controlled by the magazine release button. The machine gun feeds from a proprietary 100-round synthetic [[drum magazine]] (early models also used 60-round drum magazines), or from a modified 20 or 30-round [[STANAG 4179]] magazine (from the [[M16 rifle]]).<ref name="JGRG2008"/> An unusual feature among modern machine guns is the fact the Ultimax was purposely designed to feed from magazines as opposed to belts.
The magazine catch consists of two tapered pins on a bar, controlled by the magazine release button. The machine gun feeds from a proprietary 100-round synthetic [[drum magazine]] (early models also used 60-round drum magazines), or from a modified 20 or 30-round [[STANAG 4179]] magazine (from the [[M16 rifle]]).<ref name="JGRG2008"/> An unusual feature among modern machine guns is the fact the Ultimax was purposely designed to feed from magazines as opposed to belts.


The Ultimax 100 uses a manual safety mechanism that consists of a lever installed on the left side of the receiver (just behind the trigger) with two possible settings: "S" – indicating the weapon is safe and "F" – continuous fire. An internal safety achieved through the proper arrangement of parts and mechanisms secures against premature detonation. The light machine gun was also designed to mount an M16-type [[bayonet]] and either day or night-time optics. The Ultimax 100's ergonomics are similar to that of the [[Thompson submachine gun]], specifically the forward grip.<ref name="JGRG2008"/>
The Ultimax 100 uses a manual safety mechanism that consists of a lever installed on the left side of the receiver (just behind the trigger) with two possible settings: "S", indicating the weapon is safe, and "F", continuous fire. An internal safety achieved through the proper arrangement of parts and mechanisms secures against premature detonation. The light machine gun was also designed to mount an M16-type [[bayonet]]<ref name="MFU">{{Cite web|url=https://modernfirearms.net/en/machineguns/singapore-machineguns/stk-ultimax-100-eng/|title=STK Ultimax 100|date=October 27, 2010|website=Modern Firearms}}</ref> and either day or night-time optics. The Ultimax 100's ergonomics are similar to that of the [[Thompson submachine gun]], specifically the forward grip.<ref name="JGRG2008"/>


Widespread adoption of the design might have been compromised by its feed system. The original Ultimax 100 was meant to be used with a drum magazine holding 100 rounds. The drum magazine was bulky and difficult to reload without a special mechanism. The shape of the drum magazine also occupied more space compared to M16 magazines or the FN Minimi box holding a belt of 200 rounds. The machine gunner also could not take magazines from other squad members who were equipped with M16s.<ref name="JGRG2008"/>
Widespread adoption of the design might have been compromised by its feed system. The original Ultimax 100 was meant to be used with a drum magazine holding 100 rounds. The drum magazine was bulky and difficult to reload without a special mechanism. The shape of the drum magazine also occupied more space compared to M16 magazines or the FN Minimi box holding a belt of 200 rounds. The machine gunner also could not take magazines from other squad members who were equipped with M16s.<ref name="JGRG2008"/>
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M16 magazines were subsequently modified to allow them to be used with the production model Ultimax 100. This was done by drilling two holes right at the left feeding lip of the magazine. This improved the handiness of the weapon and allowed magazines to be loaded in the field.<ref name="JGRG2008"/>
M16 magazines were subsequently modified to allow them to be used with the production model Ultimax 100. This was done by drilling two holes right at the left feeding lip of the magazine. This improved the handiness of the weapon and allowed magazines to be loaded in the field.<ref name="JGRG2008"/>


The system was modified to use only STANAG compatible magazines in the Mk 4 version of the design, which was submitted for the USMC Infantry Automatic Rifle competition. This meant the original drum could no longer be used, making the design closer to the IAR than a light machine gun. This has been rectified in the latest Mk 5 variant which allows the usage of the [[Beta C-Mag]].<ref name="JGRG2008"/>
The system was modified to use only STANAG compatible magazines in the Mk 4 version of the design, which was submitted for the [[M27 Infantry Automatic Rifle|USMC Infantry Automatic Rifle competition]]. This meant the original drum could no longer be used, making the design closer to the IAR than a light machine gun. This has been rectified in the latest Mk 5 variant which allows the usage of the [[Beta C-Mag]].<ref name="JGRG2008"/>


==Variants==
==Variants==
*'''Mark 1''': Model with a quick-change barrel (pre-production).
* '''Mark 1''': Model with a quick-change barrel (pre-production).<ref name="MFU"/>
*'''Mark 2''': Equipped with a fixed barrel.
* '''Mark 2''': Equipped with a fixed barrel.<ref name="MFU"/>
*'''Mark 3/3A''': Quick-change barrel. Currently the Mark 3 variant is available in two different barrel lengths, a standard and short. The short barrel is designed for use with paratroopers and special forces. There is also an optional {{convert|10.5|in|mm|adj=on}} VIP protection barrel. The barrel on all versions has a slotted [[flash suppressor]] and a carrying handle used to transport the weapon and assist in barrel removal. The Ultimax Mark 3 has a three-position gas regulator (early models had a five-position gas adjustment valve) that allows the rate of fire to be controlled and enables reliable operation in various environmental conditions.<ref name="History">{{cite web |url=http://www.ultimaxsaw.com/History.html |title=Ultimax 100 History |accessdate=2008-11-11 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080802190340/http://www.ultimaxsaw.com/History.html |archivedate=2008-08-02 }}</ref> The gas regulator is usually pre-adjusted prior to operations. Where there is sluggish operation due to fouling, the gas setting may be increased by two clicks using the provided C-tool. The weapon features a standard [[pistol grip]], a [[vertical forward grip]] integrated into the forend and a detachable [[Stock (firearm)|buttstock]]. The mild felt recoil allows the weapon to be used effectively without the buttstock, using only the pistol and forward grips to support and aim the firearm. The adjustable [[bipod]] has a height adjustment mechanism and is secured to the weapon's forend, providing stability in a sustained-fire role. The bipod is quick-detachable and can be mounted or removed without the use of tools.{{citation needed|date=March 2013}} The Ultimax 100 features an aperture type rear sight (with range settings for distances up to 1,200 m, graduated every 100 m) placed on a sliding scale and a forward vertical post housed in the front sight base and protected by two metal tabs. The weapon incorporates sheet metal stamping and the use of synthetic components in its design. The drum magazine, buttstock, pistol grip and forend with vertical grip are all made of an impact-resistant [[polymer]].<ref name="History"/><ref name="Accessories">{{cite web |url=http://www.ultimaxsaw.com/Ultimax%20100%20Models.html |title=Ultimax 100 MK3 |accessdate=2008-11-11 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080802190216/http://www.ultimaxsaw.com/Ultimax%20100%20Models.html |archivedate=2008-08-02 }}</ref><ref name="Brochure">{{cite web |url=http://www.stengg.com/upload/194X9nI4kMKCDKfW7kd.pdf |title=Ultimax 100 Brochure |accessdate=2008-11-11 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204131243/http://www.stengg.com/upload/194X9nI4kMKCDKfW7kd.pdf |archivedate=2012-02-04 }}</ref> The Mark 3/3A can fire both the American [[5.56×45mm NATO|5.56×45mm M193]] cartridge (with 1:12 (305&nbsp;mm) twist barrel fitted) or the heavier SS109/M855 cartridge (178&nbsp;mm (1:7 in) twist rate barrel).<ref name="Brochure"/>
* '''Mark 3/3A''': Quick-change barrel. Currently the Mark 3 variant is available in two different barrel lengths, a standard and short. The short barrel is designed for use with paratroopers and special forces. There is also an optional {{convert|10.5|in|mm|adj=on}} VIP protection barrel. The barrel on all versions has a slotted [[flash suppressor]] and a carrying handle used to transport the weapon and assist in barrel removal. The Ultimax Mark 3 has a three-position gas regulator (early models had a five-position gas adjustment valve) that allows the rate of fire to be controlled and enables reliable operation in various environmental conditions.<ref name="History">{{cite web |url=http://www.ultimaxsaw.com/History.html |title=Ultimax 100 History |access-date=2008-11-11 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080802190340/http://www.ultimaxsaw.com/History.html |archive-date=2008-08-02 }}</ref> The gas regulator is usually pre-adjusted prior to operations. Where there is sluggish operation due to fouling, the gas setting may be increased by two clicks using the provided C-tool. The weapon features a standard [[pistol grip]], a [[vertical forward grip]] integrated into the forend and a detachable [[Stock (firearm)|buttstock]]. The mild felt recoil allows the weapon to be used effectively without the buttstock, using only the pistol and forward grips to support and aim the firearm. The adjustable [[bipod]] has a height adjustment mechanism and is secured to the weapon's forend, providing stability in a sustained-fire role. The bipod is quick-detachable and can be mounted or removed without the use of tools.{{citation needed|date=March 2013}} The Ultimax 100 features an aperture type rear sight (with range settings for distances up to 1,200 m, graduated every 100 m) placed on a sliding scale and a forward vertical post housed in the front sight base and protected by two metal tabs. The weapon incorporates sheet metal stamping and the use of synthetic components in its design. The drum magazine, buttstock, pistol grip and forend with vertical grip are all made of an impact-resistant [[polymer]].<ref name="History"/><ref name="Accessories">{{cite web |url=http://www.ultimaxsaw.com/Ultimax%20100%20Models.html |title=Ultimax 100 MK3 |access-date=2008-11-11 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080802190216/http://www.ultimaxsaw.com/Ultimax%20100%20Models.html |archive-date=2008-08-02 }}</ref><ref name="Brochure">{{cite web |url=http://www.stengg.com/upload/194X9nI4kMKCDKfW7kd.pdf |title=Ultimax 100 Brochure |access-date=2008-11-11 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204131243/http://www.stengg.com/upload/194X9nI4kMKCDKfW7kd.pdf |archive-date=2012-02-04 }}</ref> The Mark 3/3A can fire both the American [[5.56×45mm NATO|5.56×45mm M193]] cartridge (with 1:12 (305&nbsp;mm) twist barrel fitted) or the heavier SS109/M855 cartridge (178&nbsp;mm (1:7 in) twist rate barrel).<ref name="Brochure"/>
*'''Mark 4''': Developed for the [[United States Marine Corps]] Infantry Automatic Rifle program, with the addition of a new fire selector module.<ref name="Accessories"/> The Marine Corps did not select the Ultimax and chose an automatic rifle based on the [[HK416]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.defensereview.com/us-marine-corps-selects-hk-iar-infantry-automatic-rifle-as-replacement-for-fn-m249-sawlmg|title=U.S. Marine Corps Selects Heckler & Koch Infantry Automatic Rifle (HK IAR) Candidate as Replacement for FN M249 SAW/LMG|last=Crane|first=David|date=December 4, 2009|publisher=defensereview.com|accessdate=20 August 2010|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120729041708/http://www.defensereview.com/us-marine-corps-selects-hk-iar-infantry-automatic-rifle-as-replacement-for-fn-m249-sawlmg|archive-date=29 July 2012|url-status=live}}</ref>
* '''Mark 4''': Developed for the [[United States Marine Corps]] Infantry Automatic Rifle program, with the addition of a new fire selector module.<ref name="Accessories"/> The Marine Corps did not select the Ultimax and chose an automatic rifle based on the [[HK416]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.defensereview.com/us-marine-corps-selects-hk-iar-infantry-automatic-rifle-as-replacement-for-fn-m249-sawlmg|title=U.S. Marine Corps Selects Heckler & Koch Infantry Automatic Rifle (HK IAR) Candidate as Replacement for FN M249 SAW/LMG|last=Crane|first=David|date=December 4, 2009|publisher=defensereview.com|access-date=20 August 2010|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120729041708/http://www.defensereview.com/us-marine-corps-selects-hk-iar-infantry-automatic-rifle-as-replacement-for-fn-m249-sawlmg|archive-date=29 July 2012|url-status=live}}</ref>
*'''Mark 5''': Updated variant of the Mark 4 with a folding stock, Picatinny rails and M16 [[STANAG 4179]] magazine well that will accept 30-round box magazines and the 100-round [[Beta C-Mag]] drum.<ref>[http://www.defensereview.com/modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=1187 Defense Review update on Mark 5 variant]</ref>
* '''Mark 5''': Updated variant of the Mark 4 with a folding stock, [[Picatinny rail]]s and M16 [[STANAG 4179]] magazine well that will accept 30-round box magazines and the 100-round [[Beta C-Mag]] drum.<ref>{{Cite web|title="Newsweek" Attempts to Rebrand Gun Control Scheme as "Gun Safety" Cause: Tina Brown Gets Cute, Right Out of the Gate.|url=http://www.defensereview.com/newsweek-attempts-to-rebrand-gun-control-scheme-as-gun-safety-cause-tina-brown-gets-cute-right-out-of-the-gate/|access-date=2021-02-27|website=Defense Review|language=en-US}}</ref>
*STK also developed a vehicle-mounted variant of the weapon for use on the [[Bronco All Terrain Tracked Carrier]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://intelweb.janes.com/public/intelweb/index.shtml |title=New All Terrain Vehicle Makes Tracks For Eurosatory |author=Christopher F Foss |accessdate=2009-09-26 |date=2000-06-20 |publisher=Jane's Daily (subscription required to access) |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20091227150939/http://intelweb.janes.com/public/intelweb/index.shtml |archivedate=2009-12-27 }}</ref> and on the [[Light Strike Vehicle (Singapore)|Spider Light Strike Vehicle]].<ref name="ATC">{{cite web|url=http://www.army-technology.com/projects/spider_light_strike/|title=Spider Light Strike Vehicle, Singapore|publisher=Army-Technology.Com|accessdate=7 February 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101221154119/http://www.army-technology.com/projects/spider_light_strike/|archive-date=21 December 2010|url-status=live}}{{Unreliable source?|reason=domain on WP:BLACKLIST|date=June 2016}}</ref>
* STK also developed a vehicle-mounted variant of the weapon for use on the [[Bronco All Terrain Tracked Carrier]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://intelweb.janes.com/public/intelweb/index.shtml |title=New All Terrain Vehicle Makes Tracks For Eurosatory |author=Christopher F Foss |access-date=2009-09-26 |date=2000-06-20 |publisher=Jane's Daily (subscription required to access) |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091227150939/http://intelweb.janes.com/public/intelweb/index.shtml |archive-date=2009-12-27 }}</ref> and on the [[Light Strike Vehicle (Singapore)|Spider Light Strike Vehicle]].<ref name="ATC">{{cite web|url=http://www.army-technology.com/projects/spider_light_strike/|title=Spider Light Strike Vehicle, Singapore|publisher=Army-Technology.Com|access-date=7 February 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101221154119/http://www.army-technology.com/projects/spider_light_strike/|archive-date=21 December 2010|url-status=live}}</ref>{{Unreliable source?|reason=domain on WP:BLACKLIST|date=June 2016}}
*'''Mark 8''': New variant unveiled at the 2012 Singapore Airshow.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.thefirearmblog.com/blog/2012/02/21/stk-ultimax-100-mk-8/ |title=STK Ultimax 100 MK 8 |access-date=2017-03-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170428050927/http://www.thefirearmblog.com/blog/2012/02/21/stk-ultimax-100-mk-8 |archive-date=2017-04-28 |url-status=live }}</ref>
* '''Mark 8''': New variant unveiled at the 2012 Singapore Airshow.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.thefirearmblog.com/blog/2012/02/21/stk-ultimax-100-mk-8/ |title=STK Ultimax 100 MK 8 |date=21 February 2012 |access-date=2017-03-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170428050927/http://www.thefirearmblog.com/blog/2012/02/21/stk-ultimax-100-mk-8 |archive-date=2017-04-28 |url-status=live }}</ref>


==Users==
==Users==
<!--READ FIRST: This section is for cited entries only. Please do not add entries into this list without a citation from a reliable source. All entries without a citation will be removed. Thank you.-->
<!-- READ FIRST: This section is for cited entries only. Please do not add entries into this list without a citation from a reliable source. All entries without a citation will be removed. Thank you. -->
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* {{Flag|Bosnia & Herzegovina}}<ref>{{cite web|title=Bosnia Herzegovina Land Forces military equipment, armament and vehicles Army|url=http://www.armyrecognition.com/bosnia_herzegovina_army_land_ground_forces_uk/bosnia_herzegovina_army_land_ground_armed_defense_forces_military_equipment_armored_vehicle_uk.html|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180925033910/http://www.armyrecognition.com/bosnia_herzegovina_army_land_ground_forces_uk/bosnia_herzegovina_army_land_ground_armed_defense_forces_military_equipment_armored_vehicle_uk.html|archive-date=2018-09-25|access-date=2014-10-16|publisher=armyrecognition.com}}</ref>
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[[File:Section Automatic Weapon.jpg|thumb|A Singaporean soldier with a deployed Ultimax 100 Mk 2 Section Automatic Weapon (SAW)]]
*{{flag|Brunei}}: Adopted to replace [[Colt M16 LMG|Colt M16 HBAR LMGs]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mindef.gov.bn/new_home/news2007/1-6%20Sign%20Contract%20MINDEF.htm |title=MINISTRY OF DEFENCE SIGNS CONTRACT FOR THE ULTIMAX-100 LIGHT MACHINE GUN |accessdate=2008-11-11 |date=2007-06-07 |publisher=Brunei Ministry of Defence |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120214173747/http://www.mindef.gov.bn/new_home/news2007/1-6%20Sign%20Contract%20MINDEF.htm |archivedate=2012-02-14 }}</ref>
* {{Flag|Brunei}}: Adopted to replace [[Colt M16 LMG|Colt M16 HBAR LMGs]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mindef.gov.bn/new_home/news2007/1-6%20Sign%20Contract%20MINDEF.htm |title=MINISTRY OF DEFENCE SIGNS CONTRACT FOR THE ULTIMAX-100 LIGHT MACHINE GUN |access-date=2008-11-11 |date=2007-06-07 |publisher=Brunei Ministry of Defence |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120214173747/http://www.mindef.gov.bn/new_home/news2007/1-6%20Sign%20Contract%20MINDEF.htm |archive-date=2012-02-14 }}</ref>
* {{Flag|Chile}}: [[Chilean Marine Corps]], replaced in 2014 by the [[Heckler & Koch MG4]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.infodefensa.com/texto-diario/mostrar/3077421/infanteria-marina-chile-exhibe-concon-modernos-fusiles-ametralladoras |title=The Chilean Marine Infantry exhibits its most modern rifles and machine guns in Concón |last=García |first=Nicolás |date=1 July 2017 |website=Infodefensa.com |access-date=23 July 2022}}</ref>
⚫
*{{flag|Bosnia & Herzegovina}}<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.armyrecognition.com/bosnia_herzegovina_army_land_ground_forces_uk/bosnia_herzegovina_army_land_ground_armed_defense_forces_military_equipment_armored_vehicle_uk.html |title=Bosnia Herzegovina Land Forces military equipment, armament and vehicles Army |publisher=armyrecognition.com |accessdate=2014-10-16 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180925033910/http://www.armyrecognition.com/bosnia_herzegovina_army_land_ground_forces_uk/bosnia_herzegovina_army_land_ground_armed_defense_forces_military_equipment_armored_vehicle_uk.html |archive-date=2018-09-25 |url-status=live }}</ref>
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* {{Flag|Croatia}}<ref name="History"/>
*{{flag|Chile}}: [[Chilean Marine Corps]], being replaced by [[FN Minimi]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.infodefensa.com/?noticia=chile-concreta-la-compra-de-fusiles-scar-l-y-scar-h-de-fn-herstal-para-infanteria-de-marina|language=spanish|title=Chile concreta la compra de fusiles SCAR-L y SCAR-H de FN HERSTAL para Infantería de Marina|date=2013-07-25|publisher=IDS, Información de Defensa y Seguridad|access-date=2013-08-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029202246/http://www.infodefensa.com/?noticia=chile-concreta-la-compra-de-fusiles-scar-l-y-scar-h-de-fn-herstal-para-infanteria-de-marina|archive-date=2013-10-29|url-status=live}}</ref>
*{{flag|Croatia}}<ref name="History"/>
* {{Flag|Fiji}}<ref name=Capie/>
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* {{Flag|Indonesia}}: ''[[Kopaska|Komando Pasukan Katak]]'' (Kopaska) tactical diver group and ''[[Kopassus|Komando Pasukan Khusus]]'' (Kopassus) special forces group.<ref name="idnvojnik">{{cite web |url=http://www.hrvatski-vojnik.hr/hrvatski-vojnik/1612007/ind.asp |title=Kopassus & Kopaska - Specijalne Postrojbe Republike Indonezije |language=hr |publisher=Hrvatski Vojnik Magazine |access-date=2010-06-12 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100822145526/http://www.hrvatski-vojnik.hr/hrvatski-vojnik/1612007/ind.asp |archive-date=2010-08-22 }}</ref>
*{{flag|Fiji}}<ref name=Capie/>
* {{Flag|Papua New Guinea}}<ref name=Capie/>
⚫
*{{flag|Indonesia}}: ''[[Kopaska|Komando Pasukan Katak]]'' (Kopaska) tactical diver group and ''[[Kopassus|Komando Pasukan Khusus]]'' (Kopassus) special forces group.<ref name="idnvojnik">{{cite web |url=http://www.hrvatski-vojnik.hr/hrvatski-vojnik/1612007/ind.asp |title=Kopassus & Kopaska - Specijalne Postrojbe Republike Indonezije |language=Croatian |publisher=Hrvatski Vojnik Magazine |accessdate=2010-06-12 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100822145526/http://www.hrvatski-vojnik.hr/hrvatski-vojnik/1612007/ind.asp |archivedate=2010-08-22 }}</ref>
*{{flag|Papua New Guinea}}<ref name=Capie/>
* {{Flag|Peru}}<ref name="jones2009">Richard J, 2009/2010.</ref>
*{{flag|Peru}}<ref name="jones2009">Richard J, 2009/2010.</ref>
* {{Flag|Philippines}}<ref name="jones2009"/><ref name="Andrew1093"/>
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* {{Flag|Serbia}}: Used by the SAJ.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://specijalne-jedinice.com/Srbija/SAJ-English.html#sthash.H0GnUwyq.dpbs |title=Specijalne-jedinice.com {{!}} Special Anti-terrorist Unit-SAU |access-date=2018-08-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180722213534/https://specijalne-jedinice.com/Srbija/SAJ-English.html#sthash.H0GnUwyq.dpbs |archive-date=2018-07-22 |url-status=live }}</ref>
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*{{flag|Philippines}}<ref name="jones2009"/><ref name="Andrew1093"/>
* {{Flag|Singapore}}: Commissioned by the Singapore Army in 1982.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mindef.gov.sg/imindef/about_us/history/maturing_saf/v12no6_history.html|title=Maximum Firepower: The Machine Guns of the SAF|access-date=2008-11-11|publisher=[[Ministry of Defence (Singapore)|Singaporean Ministry of Defence]]|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120804232306/http://www.mindef.gov.sg/imindef/about_us/history/maturing_saf/v12no6_history.html|archive-date=2012-08-04|url-status=live}}</ref> It will gradually be replaced by the [[Colt IAR6940|Colt IAR6940E-SG]].<ref>{{Cite news |last=YeoCorrespondent |first=Mike |date=2024-05-21 |title=New light machine gun for Singapore Army enters service |url=https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/new-light-machine-gun-for-singapore-army-enters-service |access-date=2024-09-01 |work=The Straits Times |language=en |issn=0585-3923}}</ref>
⚫
*{{flag|Serbia}}: Used by the SAJ.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://specijalne-jedinice.com/Srbija/SAJ-English.html#sthash.H0GnUwyq.dpbs |title=Archived copy |access-date=2018-08-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180722213534/https://specijalne-jedinice.com/Srbija/SAJ-English.html#sthash.H0GnUwyq.dpbs |archive-date=2018-07-22 |url-status=live }}</ref>
*{{flag|Singapore}}: Commissioned by the Singapore Army in 1982.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mindef.gov.sg/imindef/about_us/history/maturing_saf/v12no6_history.html|title=Maximum Firepower: The Machine Guns of the SAF|accessdate=2008-11-11|publisher=[[Ministry of Defence (Singapore)|Singaporean Ministry of Defence]]|archive-url=https://archive.today/20120804232306/http://www.mindef.gov.sg/imindef/about_us/history/maturing_saf/v12no6_history.html|archive-date=2012-08-04|url-status=live}}</ref>
* {{Flag|Slovenia}}:<ref name="jones2009"/> Used by the [[Specialna Enota Policije]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://specijalne-jedinice.com/Inostranstvo/Region/Specijalna-jedinica-policije-Republike-Slovenije-English.html#sthash.LGnIJ99k.dpbs |title=Specijalne-jedinice.com {{!}} Special Police Unit of the Republic of Slovenia |access-date=2018-08-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180822181331/https://specijalne-jedinice.com/Inostranstvo/Region/Specijalna-jedinica-policije-Republike-Slovenije-English.html#sthash.LGnIJ99k.dpbs |archive-date=2018-08-22 |url-status=live }}</ref>
⚫
* {{Flag|Solomon Islands}}: [[Royal Solomon Islands Police Force]] purchased 50.<ref name=Capie/>
*{{flag|Slovenia}}<ref name="jones2009"/>: Used by the Slovenian SWAT Special Police Unit ([[Specialna Enota Policije]]).<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://specijalne-jedinice.com/Inostranstvo/Region/Specijalna-jedinica-policije-Republike-Slovenije-English.html#sthash.LGnIJ99k.dpbs |title=Archived copy |access-date=2018-08-22 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180822181331/https://specijalne-jedinice.com/Inostranstvo/Region/Specijalna-jedinica-policije-Republike-Slovenije-English.html#sthash.LGnIJ99k.dpbs |archive-date=2018-08-22 |url-status=live }}</ref>
⚫
* {{Flag|Thailand}}<ref name="Andrew1093"/>
⚫
*{{flag|Solomon Islands}}: [[Royal Solomon Islands Police Force]] purchased 50.<ref name=Capie/>
* {{Flag|United States}}: Known to be used by the [[United States Army|Army]] [[United States Army Special Forces|Green Berets]].<ref>{{Cite web|date=2016-09-30|title=US Special Forces Ultimax LMG -|url=https://www.thefirearmblog.com/blog/2016/09/30/us-special-forces-ultimax-lmg/|access-date=2021-02-27|website=The Firearm Blog|language=en-US}}</ref>
⚫
*{{flag|Thailand}}<ref name="Andrew1093"/>
*{{flag|Zimbabwe}}<ref name="jones2009"/>
* {{Flag|Zimbabwe}}<ref name="jones2009" />
*{{flag|United States}}: [[United States Marine Corps]] purchased in small quantities


===Non-State Users===
===Non-state users===
* {{Flagicon image|Flag of the KNLA.svg}} [[Karen National Liberation Army]]<ref>{{Cite web|date=2019-12-11|title=Trade Update 2019: Transfers, Transparency, and South-east Asia Spotlight|url=http://www.smallarmssurvey.org/fileadmin/docs/S-Trade-Update/SAS-Trade-Update-2019.pdf|url-status=dead|access-date=2021-02-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191211191444/http://www.smallarmssurvey.org/fileadmin/docs/S-Trade-Update/SAS-Trade-Update-2019.pdf|archive-date=2019-12-11}}</ref>
*[[New People's Army]]<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-05-18|title=Army seize machine gun after a clash in Bukidnon|url=https://mindanaogoldstardaily.com/army-seize-machine-gun-after-a-clash-in-bukidnon/|access-date=2021-02-27|website=Mindanao Gold Star Daily|language=en-US|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20230605235925/https://mindanaogoldstardaily.com/archives/113503|archive-date=June 5, 2023}}</ref>
* {{Flagicon image|Tamil Eelam Flag.svg}} [[Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam|Tamil Tigers]]<ref>{{Cite web|date=2018-08-12|title=Chinese Arms in LTTE Hands—Sri Lanka Guardian|url=https://www.slguardian.org/chinese-arms-in-ltte-hands/|access-date=2021-02-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180812083234/https://www.slguardian.org/chinese-arms-in-ltte-hands/|archive-date=2018-08-12}}</ref>


<gallery widths="200px" heights="140px">
*[[Karen National Liberation Army]]<ref>https://web.archive.org/web/20191211191444/http://www.smallarmssurvey.org/fileadmin/docs/S-Trade-Update/SAS-Trade-Update-2019.pdf</ref>
File:Ultimax 100 Users.png|Map with users of the Ultimax 100 in blue
*[[New People's Army]]<ref>https://mindanaogoldstardaily.com/army-seize-machine-gun-after-a-clash-in-bukidnon/?fbclid=IwAR20C7IIMh0psAnqLfL__QFMM-rafNIMWyyHJ5Ic-cZV_yVa8FnG7IUYXtI</ref>
⚫
File:Section Automatic Weapon.jpg|A Singaporean soldier with a deployed Ultimax 100 Mk 2 Section Automatic Weapon (SAW)
</gallery>


==See also==
==See also==
*[[FN Minimi]]
* [[ArmaLite AR-100]]
*[[Heckler & Koch MG4]]
* [[STK 50MG]]
*[[CETME Ameli]]
*[[IMI Negev|IWI Negev]]
*[[Vektor SS-77|Mini-SS]]
*[[Stoner LMG]]


==References==
==References==
=== Citations ===
;Notes
{{Reflist}}
{{Reflist}}

;Bibliography
=== General and cited references ===
{{Refbegin}}
{{Refbegin}}
*{{cite book|last1=Richard Jones|last2=Andrew White|title=Jane's Guns Recognition Guide|year=2008|publisher=[[HarperCollins]]|isbn=978-0-00-726645-6|page=399}}
* {{cite book|last1=Richard Jones|last2=Andrew White|title=Jane's Guns Recognition Guide|year=2008|publisher=[[HarperCollins]]|isbn=978-0-00-726645-6|page=399}}
*{{cite book|last1=Richard Jones|title=Jane's Infantry Weapons|origyear=2009|year=2010|publisher=[[Jane's Information Group]]|isbn=978-0-7106-2869-5|page=?}}
* {{cite book|last1=Richard Jones|title=Jane's Infantry Weapons|orig-year=2009|year=2010|publisher=[[Jane's Information Group]]|isbn=978-0-7106-2869-5|page=?}}
*{{cite journal|last=Andrew|first=C Tillman|date=August 1989|title=IDR test report: Ultimax light machine gun - the ultimate in controllability|journal=[[Jane's International Defence Review]]|publisher=Jane's Information Group|pages=1093–1095|issn=0020-6512}}
* {{cite journal|last=Andrew|first=C. Tillman|date=August 1989|title=IDR test report: Ultimax light machine gun—the ultimate in controllability|journal=[[Jane's International Defence Review]]|publisher=Jane's Information Group|pages=1093–1095|issn=0020-6512}}
{{Refend}}
{{Refend}}


==External links==
==External links==
{{Commons category}}
*[https://www.stengg.com/en/products-solutions/ultimax-100-Mk8 ST Engineering's website for the Ultimax 100]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20211208094532/https://www.stengg.com/ultimax-100-mk8 ST Engineering's website for the Ultimax 100] (archive)
*[http://modernfirearms.net/en/machineguns/singapore-machineguns/stk-ultimax-100-eng/ Ultimax 100 at Modern Firearms]


{{Singapore-designed weapons}}
{{Singapore-designed weapons}}


[[Category:Firearms articles needing expert attention]]
[[Category:5.56×45mm NATO machine guns]]
[[Category:5.56×45mm NATO machine guns]]
[[Category:Squad automatic weapons]]
[[Category:Firearms articles needing expert attention]]
[[Category:Machine guns of Singapore]]
[[Category:Machine guns of Singapore]]
[[Category:Squad automatic weapons]]
[[Category:Weapons and ammunition introduced in 1982]]
[[Category:Weapons and ammunition introduced in 1982]]

Latest revision as of 16:44, 22 October 2024

For other uses, see Ultimax.
Ultimax 100
Ultimax 100 Section Automatic Weapon (SAW)
TypeLight machine gun, Squad automatic weapon
Place of originSingapore
Service history
In service1982–present[1]
Used bySee Users
WarsBougainville Civil War
Yugoslav Wars
Anti-guerrilla operations in Indonesia & the Philippines
2006 Fijian coup d'état
Solomon Islands coup
War in Afghanistan
Sri Lankan Civil War
Production history
DesignerL. James Sullivan for Chartered Industries of Singapore (CIS, now ST Kinetics)
Designed1978[1]
Manufacturer
  • CIS: 1982–2000[1]
  • ST Kinetics: 2000–present[1]
Produced1982–present[1]
No. built~80,000[1]
VariantsSee variants
Specifications
Mass
  • Mark 2: 4.75 kg (10.47 lb)[1]
  • Mark 3: 4.90 kg (10.8 lb)[1]
  • 6.8 kg (15 lb) when loaded 100 rounds
Length
  • Mark 2: 1,030 mm (40.6 in) with buttstock, 800 mm (31.5 in) w/o buttstock[1]
  • Mark 3: 1,024 mm (40.3 in) with buttstock, 810 mm (31.9 in) w/o buttstock[1]
Barrel length
  • Standard: 508 mm (20.0 in)[1]
  • Ultimax 100 para: 330 mm (13.0 in)[1]
Cartridge5.56×45mm NATO[1]
Caliber5.56 mm (0.22 in)[1]
BarrelsSingle barrel (progressive RH parabolic twist, 6 grooves)[1]
ActionGas-operated, rotating bolt[1]
Rate of fire400–600 rounds/min[1]
Muzzle velocity970 m/s (3,182 ft/s) (M193 cartridge)
945 m/s (3,100.4 ft/s) (SS109/M855 cartridge)
Effective firing range100–1,200 m sight adjustments[1]
Maximum firing range460 m (M193 cartridge)
1,300 m (SS109/M855 cartridge)
Feed system100-round drum magazine or 30-round STANAG M16 box magazine[1]
SightsRear aperture sight and front post
472 mm (18.6 in) sight radius[1]

The Ultimax 100 is a Singapore-made 5.56mm light machine gun, developed by the Chartered Industries of Singapore (CIS, now ST Kinetics) by a team of engineers under the guidance of American firearms designer L. James Sullivan.[1] The weapon is extremely accurate due to its constant-recoil operating system[2] and is one of the lightest machine guns in the world.[3]

Work on a new light support weapon for the Singapore Army began in 1978. The weapon is produced by CIS (presently STK—Singapore Technologies Kinetics), initially in the Mark 1 version, later—the Mark 2, and currently, in the Mark 3 and Mark 4 variant. The Ultimax 100 (also called the U 100) is used in significant numbers by the armed forces of Singapore, Croatia and the Philippines.[1] The Mark 3 variant is currently used in the Singapore Armed Forces primarily as a support arm, and is both classified and known by soldiers as the SAW (Squad Automatic Weapon).[4]

Design details

[edit]

The Ultimax 100 is a gas-operated automatic weapon (capable of fully automatic fire only) with a short-stroke gas piston operating system powered by ignited powder gases diverted from the barrel through a port in the gas block. The Ultimax 100 is a locked breech weapon with a rotating bolt that contains seven locking lugs. It fires from an open bolt position. The bolt contains both a spring extractor and a casing ejector. The weapon's non-reciprocating cocking handle is located on the left side of the receiver and occupies the forward position during firing. The Ultimax 100 is striker-fired.

The feature that grants the weapon its low recoil (compared to similar light machine guns) is the "constant recoil" principle. The overall design allows the bolt carrier group to travel all the way back without ever impacting the rear, instead stopping gradually along the axis of movement against the resistance of the return springs.[1][5] Jane's International Defence Review correspondent—Andrew Tillman, in an exclusive invitation from ST Kinetics to participate in the Product Improvement Program (PIP, initiated in 1989) to test fire the gun, elaborated:[6]

This article began by praising the Ultimax for its ease of control, which allows accurate fire. A comment to the author by an experienced SEAL team leader aptly underlines the importance of having an accurate light machine gun: "Men react one of two ways when they are shot at. If you just shoot at them, they will take cover and return fire, but if you start hitting them, they withdraw."

The magazine catch consists of two tapered pins on a bar, controlled by the magazine release button. The machine gun feeds from a proprietary 100-round synthetic drum magazine (early models also used 60-round drum magazines), or from a modified 20 or 30-round STANAG 4179 magazine (from the M16 rifle).[1] An unusual feature among modern machine guns is the fact the Ultimax was purposely designed to feed from magazines as opposed to belts.

The Ultimax 100 uses a manual safety mechanism that consists of a lever installed on the left side of the receiver (just behind the trigger) with two possible settings: "S", indicating the weapon is safe, and "F", continuous fire. An internal safety achieved through the proper arrangement of parts and mechanisms secures against premature detonation. The light machine gun was also designed to mount an M16-type bayonet[7] and either day or night-time optics. The Ultimax 100's ergonomics are similar to that of the Thompson submachine gun, specifically the forward grip.[1]

Widespread adoption of the design might have been compromised by its feed system. The original Ultimax 100 was meant to be used with a drum magazine holding 100 rounds. The drum magazine was bulky and difficult to reload without a special mechanism. The shape of the drum magazine also occupied more space compared to M16 magazines or the FN Minimi box holding a belt of 200 rounds. The machine gunner also could not take magazines from other squad members who were equipped with M16s.[1]

M16 magazines were subsequently modified to allow them to be used with the production model Ultimax 100. This was done by drilling two holes right at the left feeding lip of the magazine. This improved the handiness of the weapon and allowed magazines to be loaded in the field.[1]

The system was modified to use only STANAG compatible magazines in the Mk 4 version of the design, which was submitted for the USMC Infantry Automatic Rifle competition. This meant the original drum could no longer be used, making the design closer to the IAR than a light machine gun. This has been rectified in the latest Mk 5 variant which allows the usage of the Beta C-Mag.[1]

Variants

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  • Mark 1: Model with a quick-change barrel (pre-production).[7]
  • Mark 2: Equipped with a fixed barrel.[7]
  • Mark 3/3A: Quick-change barrel. Currently the Mark 3 variant is available in two different barrel lengths, a standard and short. The short barrel is designed for use with paratroopers and special forces. There is also an optional 10.5-inch (270 mm) VIP protection barrel. The barrel on all versions has a slotted flash suppressor and a carrying handle used to transport the weapon and assist in barrel removal. The Ultimax Mark 3 has a three-position gas regulator (early models had a five-position gas adjustment valve) that allows the rate of fire to be controlled and enables reliable operation in various environmental conditions.[8] The gas regulator is usually pre-adjusted prior to operations. Where there is sluggish operation due to fouling, the gas setting may be increased by two clicks using the provided C-tool. The weapon features a standard pistol grip, a vertical forward grip integrated into the forend and a detachable buttstock. The mild felt recoil allows the weapon to be used effectively without the buttstock, using only the pistol and forward grips to support and aim the firearm. The adjustable bipod has a height adjustment mechanism and is secured to the weapon's forend, providing stability in a sustained-fire role. The bipod is quick-detachable and can be mounted or removed without the use of tools.[citation needed] The Ultimax 100 features an aperture type rear sight (with range settings for distances up to 1,200 m, graduated every 100 m) placed on a sliding scale and a forward vertical post housed in the front sight base and protected by two metal tabs. The weapon incorporates sheet metal stamping and the use of synthetic components in its design. The drum magazine, buttstock, pistol grip and forend with vertical grip are all made of an impact-resistant polymer.[8][9][10] The Mark 3/3A can fire both the American 5.56×45mm M193 cartridge (with 1:12 (305 mm) twist barrel fitted) or the heavier SS109/M855 cartridge (178 mm (1:7 in) twist rate barrel).[10]
  • Mark 4: Developed for the United States Marine Corps Infantry Automatic Rifle program, with the addition of a new fire selector module.[9] The Marine Corps did not select the Ultimax and chose an automatic rifle based on the HK416.[11]
  • Mark 5: Updated variant of the Mark 4 with a folding stock, Picatinny rails and M16 STANAG 4179 magazine well that will accept 30-round box magazines and the 100-round Beta C-Mag drum.[12]
  • STK also developed a vehicle-mounted variant of the weapon for use on the Bronco All Terrain Tracked Carrier[13] and on the Spider Light Strike Vehicle.[14][unreliable source?]
  • Mark 8: New variant unveiled at the 2012 Singapore Airshow.[15]

Users

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Non-state users

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  • Map with users of the Ultimax 100 in blue
    Map with users of the Ultimax 100 in blue
  • A Singaporean soldier with a deployed Ultimax 100 Mk 2 Section Automatic Weapon (SAW)
    A Singaporean soldier with a deployed Ultimax 100 Mk 2 Section Automatic Weapon (SAW)

See also

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References

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Citations

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  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab Richard J, 2008.
  2. ^ a b c Andrew, 1989
  3. ^ a b c d Capie, David (2004). Under the Gun: The Small Arms Challenge in the Pacific. Wellington: Victoria University Press. pp. 70–71. ISBN 978-0864734532.
  4. ^ "Small and Deadly". Archived from the original on 2012-08-05. Retrieved 2012-10-22.
  5. ^ L. James Sullivan (9 October 1984). "(United States Patent: 4,475,438) Gas operated, automatic or semi-automatic guns". United States Patent and Trademark Office. Archived from the original on 18 January 2018. Retrieved 8 May 2011.
  6. ^ Andrew, pp. 1095.
  7. ^ a b c "STK Ultimax 100". Modern Firearms. October 27, 2010.
  8. ^ a b c "Ultimax 100 History". Archived from the original on 2008-08-02. Retrieved 2008-11-11.
  9. ^ a b "Ultimax 100 MK3". Archived from the original on 2008-08-02. Retrieved 2008-11-11.
  10. ^ a b "Ultimax 100 Brochure" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-02-04. Retrieved 2008-11-11.
  11. ^ Crane, David (December 4, 2009). "U.S. Marine Corps Selects Heckler & Koch Infantry Automatic Rifle (HK IAR) Candidate as Replacement for FN M249 SAW/LMG". defensereview.com. Archived from the original on 29 July 2012. Retrieved 20 August 2010.
  12. ^ ""Newsweek" Attempts to Rebrand Gun Control Scheme as "Gun Safety" Cause: Tina Brown Gets Cute, Right Out of the Gate". Defense Review. Retrieved 2021-02-27.
  13. ^ Christopher F Foss (2000-06-20). "New All Terrain Vehicle Makes Tracks For Eurosatory". Jane's Daily (subscription required to access). Archived from the original on 2009-12-27. Retrieved 2009-09-26.
  14. ^ "Spider Light Strike Vehicle, Singapore". Army-Technology.Com. Archived from the original on 21 December 2010. Retrieved 7 February 2011.
  15. ^ "STK Ultimax 100 MK 8". 21 February 2012. Archived from the original on 2017-04-28. Retrieved 2017-03-12.
  16. ^ "Bosnia Herzegovina Land Forces military equipment, armament and vehicles Army". armyrecognition.com. Archived from the original on 2018-09-25. Retrieved 2014-10-16.
  17. ^ "MINISTRY OF DEFENCE SIGNS CONTRACT FOR THE ULTIMAX-100 LIGHT MACHINE GUN". Brunei Ministry of Defence. 2007-06-07. Archived from the original on 2012-02-14. Retrieved 2008-11-11.
  18. ^ García, Nicolás (1 July 2017). "The Chilean Marine Infantry exhibits its most modern rifles and machine guns in Concón". Infodefensa.com. Retrieved 23 July 2022.
  19. ^ "Kopassus & Kopaska - Specijalne Postrojbe Republike Indonezije" (in Croatian). Hrvatski Vojnik Magazine. Archived from the original on 2010-08-22. Retrieved 2010-06-12.
  20. ^ a b c d Richard J, 2009/2010.
  21. ^ "Specijalne-jedinice.com | Special Anti-terrorist Unit-SAU". Archived from the original on 2018-07-22. Retrieved 2018-08-22.
  22. ^ "Maximum Firepower: The Machine Guns of the SAF". Singaporean Ministry of Defence. Archived from the original on 2012-08-04. Retrieved 2008-11-11.
  23. ^ YeoCorrespondent, Mike (2024-05-21). "New light machine gun for Singapore Army enters service". The Straits Times. ISSN 0585-3923. Retrieved 2024-09-01. {{cite news}}: |last= has generic name (help)
  24. ^ "Specijalne-jedinice.com | Special Police Unit of the Republic of Slovenia". Archived from the original on 2018-08-22. Retrieved 2018-08-22.
  25. ^ "US Special Forces Ultimax LMG -". The Firearm Blog. 2016-09-30. Retrieved 2021-02-27.
  26. ^ "Trade Update 2019: Transfers, Transparency, and South-east Asia Spotlight" (PDF). 2019-12-11. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2019-12-11. Retrieved 2021-02-27.
  27. ^ "Army seize machine gun after a clash in Bukidnon". Mindanao Gold Star Daily. 2020-05-18. Archived from the original on June 5, 2023. Retrieved 2021-02-27.
  28. ^ "Chinese Arms in LTTE Hands—Sri Lanka Guardian". 2018-08-12. Archived from the original on 2018-08-12. Retrieved 2021-02-27.

General and cited references

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