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"'''El gran Carlemany'''" ({{transl|ca|The Great Charlemagne}}; {{IPA-ca|əl ˈɣɾaŋ kəɾləˈmaɲ|pron}}) is the [[national anthem]] of the [[Andorra|Principality of Andorra]]. Enric Marfany Bons composed the music, while the lyrics were authored by [[Joan Benlloch i Vivó]], written in a first-person narrative. It was adopted as the national anthem on 8 September 1921, which is also the national day of Andorra. The lyrics make reference to several key aspects of [[Culture of Andorra|Andorran culture]] and [[History of Andorra|history]], such as the heritage of the [[Carolingian Empire]].
"'''El gran Carlemany'''" ({{transl|ca|The Great Charlemagne}}; {{IPA-ca|əl ˈɣɾaŋ kəɾləˈmaɲ|pron}}) is the [[national anthem]] of the [[Andorra|Principality of Andorra]]. Enric Marfany Bons composed the music, while the lyrics were authored by [[Joan Benlloch i Vivó]], written in a first-person narrative. It was adopted as the national anthem on 8 September 1921, which is also the national day of Andorra. The lyrics make reference to several key aspects of [[Culture of Andorra|Andorran culture]] and [[History of Andorra|history]], such as the heritage of the [[Carolingian Empire]].


==Lyrics==
==Lyrics==
Line 82: Line 82:


==History==
==History==
"El Gran Carlemany" was composed by Enric Marfany Bons (1871–1942),<ref name="Maugendre1996">{{cite book|author=Xavier Maugendre|title=L'Europe des hymnes dans leur contexte historique et musical|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tAtItyiK9ywC&pg=PA145|year=1996|publisher=Editions Mardaga|isbn=978-2-87009-632-1|page=145}}</ref> who was a priest.<ref name=Augustin>Augustin (2008), p. 99.</ref> The lyrics to the song were penned by [[Juan Benlloch i Vivó]] (1864–1926), who served as the [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Urgell|Bishop of Urgell]] from 1906 to 1919. This position also made him an ''ex officio'' [[Co-Princes of Andorra|Co–Prince of Andorra]].<ref name=Augustin/><ref>{{cite news|title=The Not-so-Rough Guide to Andorra – The land that Europe forgot|url=http://docs.newsbank.com/openurl?ctx_ver=z39.88-2004&rft_id=info:sid/iw.newsbank.com:AWNB:TND1&rft_val_format=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rft_dat=1338548EB32BEE08&svc_dat=InfoWeb:aggregated5&req_dat=105B9A93AF33E3E3|date=September 2, 2006|access-date=May 7, 2014|first=John|last=Lichfield|pages=26–27|newspaper=The Independent|location=London}} {{subscription required}}</ref> The song was officially designated as the country's national anthem on September 8, 1921,<ref name=CIA>{{cite web|title=Andorra|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/andorra/|access-date=May 7, 2014|work=The World Factbook|publisher=CIA}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Country's Profile – Andorra|url=http://www.sochi2014.com/en/team-andorra-profile|work=Sochi2014.com|publisher=Sochi 2014 Olympics|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140406222721/http://www.sochi2014.com/en/team-andorra-profile|archive-date=April 6, 2014|access-date=May 7, 2014}}</ref> when it was sung at the country's cathedral for the first time.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i00KAQAAIAAJ&q=Our+Lady+of+Meritxell+el+gran+carlemany|title=Principat D'Andorra, 1278&ndash;1978: È Centenari de la Signatura Dels Pareatges – Recull Oficial D'informació|publisher=Casa de la Vall|year=1978}}</ref> The day it was adopted –&nbsp;September 8<ref name=Augustin/> – is the [[National Day]] of Andorra. This coincides with the feast day of [[Our Lady of Meritxell]], the country's patron saint who is mentioned in the lyrics.<ref name=CIA/>
"El Gran Carlemany" was composed by Enric Marfany Bons (1871–1942),<ref name="Maugendre1996">{{cite book|author=Xavier Maugendre|title=L'Europe des hymnes dans leur contexte historique et musical|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tAtItyiK9ywC&pg=PA145|year=1996|publisher=Editions Mardaga|isbn=978-2-87009-632-1|page=145}}</ref> who was a priest.<ref name=Augustin>Augustin (2008), p. 99.</ref> The lyrics to the song were penned by [[Juan Benlloch i Vivó]] (1864–1926), who served as the [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Urgell|Bishop of Urgell]] from 1906 to 1919. This position also made him an ''ex officio'' [[Co-Princes of Andorra|Co–Prince of Andorra]].<ref name=Augustin/><ref>{{cite news|title=The Not-so-Rough Guide to Andorra – The land that Europe forgot|url=http://docs.newsbank.com/openurl?ctx_ver=z39.88-2004&rft_id=info:sid/iw.newsbank.com:AWNB:TND1&rft_val_format=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rft_dat=1338548EB32BEE08&svc_dat=InfoWeb:aggregated5&req_dat=105B9A93AF33E3E3|date=September 2, 2006|access-date=May 7, 2014|first=John|last=Lichfield|pages=26–27|newspaper=The Independent|location=London}} {{subscription required}}</ref> The song was officially designated as the country's national anthem on September 8, 1921,<ref name=CIA>{{cite web|title=Andorra|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/andorra/|access-date=May 7, 2014|work=The World Factbook|publisher=CIA}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Country's Profile – Andorra|url=http://www.sochi2014.com/en/team-andorra-profile|work=Sochi2014.com|publisher=Sochi 2014 Olympics|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140406222721/http://www.sochi2014.com/en/team-andorra-profile|archive-date=April 6, 2014|access-date=May 7, 2014}}</ref> when it was sung at the country's cathedral for the first time.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i00KAQAAIAAJ&q=Our+Lady+of+Meritxell+el+gran+carlemany|title=Principat D'Andorra, 1278&ndash;1978: È Centenari de la Signatura Dels Pareatges – Recull Oficial D'informació|publisher=Casa de la Vall|year=1978}}</ref> The day it was adopted –&nbsp;September 8<ref name=Augustin/> – is the [[National Day]] of Andorra. This coincides with the feast day of [[Our Lady of Meritxell]], the country's patron saint who is mentioned in the lyrics.<ref name=CIA/>


==Context of lyrics==
==Context of lyrics==
The lyrics of "El Gran Carlemany" give a short account of Andorra's history "in a [[first-person narrative]]".<ref name=CIA/> It recounts the traditional Andorran [[legend]] that [[Charlemagne]] reconquered the region from the [[Moors]] between 788<ref name=Geyer>{{cite journal|last=Geyer|first=Helen|date=November 2013|title=Sprachpolitik und-praxis in Andorra|journal=Interlinguistische Informationen|volume=20|pages=68|publisher=Diputació de Girona|access-date=May 8, 2014|issn=1432-3567|url=http://www.interlinguistik-gil.de/wb/media/beihefte/20/beiheft20.pdf#page=68|language=de}}</ref> and 790, after the Catalan people had guided his army through the rugged valleys, which Charlemagne compensated with granting Andorra its independence,<ref>{{cite book|title=Principat D'Andorra, 1278&ndash;1978: È Centenari de la Signatura Dels Pareatges : Recull Oficial D'informació|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i00KAQAAIAAJ|date=1978|publisher=Casa de la Vall}}</ref> and its first borders were delineated that same year.<ref name=Geyer/> It formed part of the ''[[Marca Hispanica]]'', a [[buffer zone]] formed by Charlemagne in order to protect his state (the [[Carolingian Empire]]).<ref name=Shelley>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5qlXatHRJtMC&pg=PA8|title=Nation Shapes: The Story Behind the World's Borders|publisher=ABC–CLIO|date=April 23, 2013|last=Shelley|first=Fred M.|page=8|isbn=9781610691062}}</ref> According to legend, he was responsible for restructuring the country, reintroducing [[Christianity]] to its people and overseeing the construction of monasteries. Because of these accomplishments, he was given "a mythical aura" and is regarded as the founder of Andorra.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Pineda|first=Enric Bassegoda|year=2010|title=Carlemany No Va Conquerir Girona|journal=Revista de Girona|volume=261|pages=39|publisher=Diputació de Girona|access-date=May 8, 2014|url=http://www.raco.cat/index.php/RevistaGirona/article/view/205896/274434|language=ca}}</ref> The hymn begins with "El gran Carlemany mon pare" ("Great Charlemagne my father"),<ref name="GroupSachs1984">{{cite book|author1=Gale Group|author2=Moshe Y. Sachs|title=Worldmark Encyclopedia of the Nations|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yO8XAQAAMAAJ|year=1984|publisher=Gale Group|page=9|isbn=9780471886228}}</ref> and memorializes this view and celebrates the country's status as "the only remaining daughter of the Carolingian empire,"<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rmSYoANVCDkC&pg=PT41|title=Iberian Worlds|publisher=Routledge|date=September 28, 2010|last=McDonogh|first=Gary|isbn=9781135936969}}</ref> since it is the only remnant of the Marca Hispanica.<ref name=Shelley/>
The lyrics of "El Gran Carlemany" give a short account of Andorra's history "in a [[first-person narrative]]".<ref name=CIA/> It recounts the traditional Andorran [[legend]] that [[Charlemagne]] reconquered the region from the [[Moors]] between 788<ref name=Geyer>{{cite journal|last=Geyer|first=Helen|date=November 2013|title=Sprachpolitik und-praxis in Andorra|journal=Interlinguistische Informationen|volume=20|pages=68|publisher=Diputació de Girona|access-date=May 8, 2014|issn=1432-3567|url=http://www.interlinguistik-gil.de/wb/media/beihefte/20/beiheft20.pdf#page=68|language=de}}</ref> and 790, after the Catalan people had guided his army through the rugged valleys, which Charlemagne compensated with granting Andorra its independence,<ref>{{cite book|title=Principat D'Andorra, 1278&ndash;1978: È Centenari de la Signatura Dels Pareatges : Recull Oficial D'informació|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i00KAQAAIAAJ|date=1978|publisher=Casa de la Vall}}</ref> and its first borders were delineated that same year.<ref name=Geyer/> It formed part of the ''[[Marca Hispanica]]'', a [[buffer zone]] formed by Charlemagne in order to protect his state (the [[Carolingian Empire]]).<ref name=Shelley>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5qlXatHRJtMC&pg=PA8|title=Nation Shapes: The Story Behind the World's Borders|publisher=ABC–CLIO|date=April 23, 2013|last=Shelley|first=Fred M.|page=8|isbn=9781610691062}}</ref> According to legend, he was responsible for restructuring the country, reintroducing [[Christianity]] to its people and overseeing the construction of monasteries. Because of these accomplishments, he was given "a mythical aura" and is regarded as the founder of Andorra.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Pineda|first=Enric Bassegoda|year=2010|title=Carlemany No Va Conquerir Girona|journal=Revista de Girona|volume=261|pages=39|publisher=Diputació de Girona|access-date=May 8, 2014|url=http://www.raco.cat/index.php/RevistaGirona/article/view/205896/274434|language=ca}}</ref>
The hymn begins with "El gran Carlemany mon pare" ("Great Charlemagne my father"),<ref name="GroupSachs1984">{{cite book|author1=Gale Group|author2=Moshe Y. Sachs|title=Worldmark Encyclopedia of the Nations|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yO8XAQAAMAAJ|year=1984|publisher=Gale Group|page=9|isbn=9780471886228}}</ref> and memorializes this view and celebrates the country's status as "the only remaining daughter of the Carolingian empire,"<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rmSYoANVCDkC&pg=PT41|title=Iberian Worlds|publisher=Routledge|date=September 28, 2010|last=McDonogh|first=Gary|isbn=9781135936969}}</ref> since it is the only remnant of the Marca Hispanica.<ref name="Shelley" />


==Notes==
==Notes==

Revision as of 16:02, 1 November 2021

El gran Carlemany
English: The Great Charlemagne
National anthem of Andorra
LyricsJuan Benlloch i Vivó
MusicEnric Marfany Bons
Adopted8 September 1921
Audio sample

"El gran Carlemany" (The Great Charlemagne; pronounced [əl ˈɣɾaŋ kəɾləˈmaɲ]) is the national anthem of the Principality of Andorra. Enric Marfany Bons composed the music, while the lyrics were authored by Joan Benlloch i Vivó, written in a first-person narrative. It was adopted as the national anthem on 8 September 1921, which is also the national day of Andorra. The lyrics make reference to several key aspects of Andorran culture and history, such as the heritage of the Carolingian Empire.

Lyrics

Catalan original[1] Spanish French English translation[2]

El gran Carlemany, mon pare,
dels alarbs em deslliurà,
I del cel vida em donà,
de Meritxell, la gran Mare.

Princesa nasquí i Pubilla
entre dues nacions, neutral;
sols resto l'única filla,
de l'imperi Carlemany.

Creient i lliure onze segles,
creient i lliure vull ser.
Siguin els furs mos tutors
𝄆 i mos Prínceps defensors! 𝄇

El gran Carlomagno, mi padre,
me liberó de los árabes,
Y del cielo vida me dio,
de Meritxell, la gran Madre,

Princesa nací y heredera,
entre dos naciones, neutral
Soy la única hija que queda
del Imperio Carolingio.

Creyente y libre once siglos;
creyente y libre quiero ser.
¡Sean los fueros mis tutores
𝄆 y mis Príncipes defensores! 𝄇

Le Grand Charlemagne mon père
nous délivra des arabes
et du ciel me donna la vie,
de Meritxell la grande Mère.

Je suis née Princesse héritière,
neutre entre deux nations,
Je reste la seule fille
de l'empereur Charlemagne.

Croyante et libre onze siècles,
croyante et libre je veux demeurer
Que les Fueros soient mes tuteurs
𝄆 et mes Princes mes défenseurs ! 𝄇

The great Charlemagne, my father,
from the Saracens liberated me
And from heaven he gave me life,
of Meritxell, the great Mother.

Princess, born Heiress
Into two nations, in neutrality;
I am the only remaining daughter,
of the Carolingian empire.

Faithful and free for eleven centuries,
Faithful and free I will be.
The laws of the land be my tutors,
𝄆 and my Princes[A] defenders! 𝄇

History

"El Gran Carlemany" was composed by Enric Marfany Bons (1871–1942),[3] who was a priest.[4] The lyrics to the song were penned by Juan Benlloch i Vivó (1864–1926), who served as the Bishop of Urgell from 1906 to 1919. This position also made him an ex officio Co–Prince of Andorra.[4][5] The song was officially designated as the country's national anthem on September 8, 1921,[6][7] when it was sung at the country's cathedral for the first time.[8] The day it was adopted – September 8[4] – is the National Day of Andorra. This coincides with the feast day of Our Lady of Meritxell, the country's patron saint who is mentioned in the lyrics.[6]

Context of lyrics

The lyrics of "El Gran Carlemany" give a short account of Andorra's history "in a first-person narrative".[6] It recounts the traditional Andorran legend that Charlemagne reconquered the region from the Moors between 788[9] and 790, after the Catalan people had guided his army through the rugged valleys, which Charlemagne compensated with granting Andorra its independence,[10] and its first borders were delineated that same year.[9] It formed part of the Marca Hispanica, a buffer zone formed by Charlemagne in order to protect his state (the Carolingian Empire).[11] According to legend, he was responsible for restructuring the country, reintroducing Christianity to its people and overseeing the construction of monasteries. Because of these accomplishments, he was given "a mythical aura" and is regarded as the founder of Andorra.[12]

The hymn begins with "El gran Carlemany mon pare" ("Great Charlemagne my father"),[13] and memorializes this view and celebrates the country's status as "the only remaining daughter of the Carolingian empire,"[14] since it is the only remnant of the Marca Hispanica.[11]

Notes

  1. ^ Augustin's Andorra book reference incorrectly translates "Prínceps" as "princess". It should instead be "princes", alluding to the Co-Princes of Andorra.

References

  1. ^ "Andorra – El Gran Carlemany". NationalAnthems.me. Retrieved May 19, 2014.
  2. ^ Augustin, Byron (September 1, 2008). Andorra. Marshall Cavendish. p. 24. ISBN 9780761431220.
  3. ^ Xavier Maugendre (1996). L'Europe des hymnes dans leur contexte historique et musical. Editions Mardaga. p. 145. ISBN 978-2-87009-632-1.
  4. ^ a b c Augustin (2008), p. 99.
  5. ^ Lichfield, John (September 2, 2006). "The Not-so-Rough Guide to Andorra – The land that Europe forgot". The Independent. London. pp. 26–27. Retrieved May 7, 2014. (subscription required)
  6. ^ a b c "Andorra". The World Factbook. CIA. Retrieved May 7, 2014.
  7. ^ "Country's Profile – Andorra". Sochi2014.com. Sochi 2014 Olympics. Archived from the original on April 6, 2014. Retrieved May 7, 2014.
  8. ^ Principat D'Andorra, 1278–1978: È Centenari de la Signatura Dels Pareatges – Recull Oficial D'informació. Casa de la Vall. 1978.
  9. ^ a b Geyer, Helen (November 2013). "Sprachpolitik und-praxis in Andorra" (PDF). Interlinguistische Informationen (in German). 20. Diputació de Girona: 68. ISSN 1432-3567. Retrieved May 8, 2014.
  10. ^ Principat D'Andorra, 1278–1978: È Centenari de la Signatura Dels Pareatges : Recull Oficial D'informació. Casa de la Vall. 1978.
  11. ^ a b Shelley, Fred M. (April 23, 2013). Nation Shapes: The Story Behind the World's Borders. ABC–CLIO. p. 8. ISBN 9781610691062.
  12. ^ Pineda, Enric Bassegoda (2010). "Carlemany No Va Conquerir Girona". Revista de Girona (in Catalan). 261. Diputació de Girona: 39. Retrieved May 8, 2014.
  13. ^ Gale Group; Moshe Y. Sachs (1984). Worldmark Encyclopedia of the Nations. Gale Group. p. 9. ISBN 9780471886228.
  14. ^ McDonogh, Gary (September 28, 2010). Iberian Worlds. Routledge. ISBN 9781135936969.


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