Leader of the Conservative Party (UK)

Leader of the Conservative and Unionist Party
Incumbent Liz Truss since 5 September 2022
Type	Party leader
Status	Chief executive officer
Inaugural holder	Robert Peel (de facto) Bonar Law (de jure)
Formation	1834 (de facto) 1922 (de jure)

The leader of the Conservative Party (officially the leader of the Conservative and Unionist Party) leads the British Conservative Party as its most senior member. The current holder of the position is Liz Truss, who was elected to the position from 5 September, following her victory in the party's leadership election. Truss resigned as leader on 20 October 2022, only 45 days after being elected. Another leader will replace Truss on October 28. Until then she remains incumbent.

From the party's formation in 1834 until 1922, the leader of the Conservative Party was not a formal position; instead, there was a party leader in each chamber of Parliament, and they were considered equal unless one took precedence over the other, such as when one was serving as prime minister. Following the passage of the Parliament Act of 1911, the reduction of power in the House of Lords suggested that the Conservative leader in the House of Commons would be preeminent, but this fact was not formalized until 1922.

Since 1922, a leader of the Conservative Party has been formally elected, even when the party is in opposition. Originally, the party leader was appointed opaquely by other high-ranking members of the party. This process was gradually democratized in the late 20th century; in 1965, the appointment was linked to a vote by party MPs, and in 1998, the process was opened to all party members to decide between the last two candidates selected by parliamentarians.

Under party rules, members can vote in the Conservative leadership even if they are not British citizens, do not live in the UK and do not have the right to vote in a UK general election.

As of September 2022, three of the party's leaders have been women: Margaret Thatcher, Theresa May, and Liz Truss, all of whom have served as prime minister.

Overall leaders of the party (1834–1922)

Overall leader (Birth–death)	Portrait	Constituency / title	Took office	Left office	Prime Minister (term)
Sir Robert Peel (1788–1850)		Tamworth	18 December 1834	29 June 1846		himself 1834–35
						Melbourne 1835–41
						himself 1841–46
Edward Smith-Stanley 14th Earl of Derby from 1851 (1799–1869)		Baron Stanley (1846–1851) Earl of Derby (1851–1868)	29 June 1846	27 February 1868		Russell 1846–52
						himself 1852
						Aberdeen 1852–55
						Palmerston 1855–58
						himself 1858–59
						Palmerston 1859–65
						Russell 1865–66
						himself 1866–68
Benjamin Disraeli 1st Earl of Beaconsfield from 1876 (1804–1881)		Buckinghamshire (1868–1876) Earl of Beaconsfield (1876–1881)	27 February 1868	19 April 1881 (Died in office)		himself 1868
						Gladstone 1868–74
						himself 1874–80
						Gladstone 1880–85
Vacant Leader of the Lords – 3rd Marquess of Salisbury Leader of the Commons – Stafford Northcote			19 April 1881	23 June 1885
Robert Gascoyne-Cecil 3rd Marquess of Salisbury (1830–1903)		Marquess of Salisbury	23 June 1885	11 July 1902		himself 1885–86
						Gladstone 1886
						himself 1886–92
						Gladstone 1892–94
						Rosebery 1894–95
						himself 1895–1902
Arthur Balfour (1848–1930)		Manchester East (1902–1906) City of London (1906–1911)	11 July 1902	13 November 1911		himself 1902–05
						C.-Bannerman 1905–08
						Asquith 1908–16
Vacant Leader in the House of Lords – 5th Marquess of Lansdowne Leader in the House of Commons – Bonar Law			13 November 1911	10 December 1916
						Lloyd George 1916–22
Bonar Law (1858–1923)		Bootle (1916–1918) Glasgow Central (1918–1921)	10 December 1916	21 March 1921
Vacant Leader in the House of Lords – 1st Marquess Curzon of Kedleston Leader in the House of Commons – Austen Chamberlain			21 March 1921	23 October 1922

Leaders of the party (1922–present)

Leader (Birth–death)	Portrait	Constituency / title	Took office	Left office	Prime Minister (term)
Bonar Law (1858–1923)		Glasgow Central	23 October 1922 (Party meeting)	28 May 1923		himself 1922–23
Stanley Baldwin (1867–1947)		Bewdley	28 May 1923 (Party meeting)	31 May 1937		himself 1923–24
						MacDonald 1924
						himself 1924–29
						MacDonald 1929–35
						himself 1935–37
Neville Chamberlain (1869–1940)		Birmingham Edgbaston	31 May 1937 (Party meeting)	9 October 1940		himself 1937–40
Winston Churchill (1874–1965)		Epping (1940–1945) Woodford (1945–1955)	9 October 1940 (Party meeting)	21 April 1955		himself 1940–45
						Attlee 1945–51
						himself 1951–55
Anthony Eden (1897–1977)		Warwick and Leamington	21 April 1955 (Party meeting)	22 January 1957		himself 1955–57
Harold Macmillan (1894–1986)		Bromley	22 January 1957 (Party meeting)	11 November 1963		himself 1957–63
Alec Douglas-Home (1903–1995)		Earl of Home (1963) Kinross and Western Perthshire (1963–1965)	11 November 1963 (Party meeting)	27 July 1965		himself 1963–64
						Wilson 1964–70
Edward Heath (1916–2005)		Bexley (1965–1974) Sidcup (1974–1975)	27 July 1965 (Elected)	11 February 1975
						himself 1970–74
						Wilson 1974–76
Margaret Thatcher (1925–2013)		Finchley	11 February 1975 (Elected)	27 November 1990
						Callaghan 1976–79
						herself 1979–90
John Major (b. 1943)		Huntingdon	27 November 1990 (Opponents withdrew)	19 June 1997
						himself 1990–97
						Blair 1997–2007
William Hague (b. 1961)		Richmond (Yorks)	19 June 1997 (Elected)	13 September 2001
Iain Duncan Smith (b. 1954)		Chingford and Woodford Green	13 September 2001 (Elected)	6 November 2003
Michael Howard (b. 1941)		Folkestone and Hythe	6 November 2003 (Unopposed)	7 October 2005
David Cameron (b. 1966)		Witney	6 December 2005 (Elected)	11 July 2016
						Brown 2007–10
						himself 2010–16
Theresa May (b. 1956)		Maidenhead	11 July 2016 (Opponents withdrew)	7 June 2019 Acting: 7 June 2019 – 23 July 2019		herself 2016–19
Boris Johnson (b. 1964)		Uxbridge and South Ruislip	23 July 2019 (Elected)	5 September 2022		himself 2019–2022
Liz Truss (b. 1975)		South West Norfolk	5 September 2022 (Elected)	20 October 2022		herself 2022–present

Timeline

Living former party leaders

There are eight living former party leaders. From oldest to youngest:

Leader	Term of office	Date of birth
Michael Howard	2003–2005	(1941-07-07) 7 July 1941
John Major	1990–1995	(1943-03-29) 29 March 1943
	1995–1997
Iain Duncan Smith	2001–2003	(1954-04-09) 9 April 1954
Theresa May	2016–2019	(1956-10-01) 1 October 1956
William Hague	1997–2001	(1961-03-26) 26 March 1961
Boris Johnson	2019–2022	(1964-06-19) 19 June 1964
David Cameron	2005–2016	(1966-10-09) 9 October 1966
Liz Truss	2022	(1975-07-26) 26 July 1975

House of Lords and Commons leaders

See also: Leader of the House of Lords and Leader of the House of Commons

Leaders in the House of Lords (1834–present)

Those asterisked were considered the overall leader of the party.

• The Duke of Wellington: 1834–1846
• Lord Stanley (14th Earl of Derby from 1851): 9 March 1846 – 27 February 1868*, elected at a party meeting (see § House of Lords, below)
• The Earl of Malmesbury: 1868–1869, appointed by Prime Minister Disraeli
• The Lord Cairns: 1869–1870, elected at a party meeting (see House of Lords)

Portrait	Leader	Term of office		LOTO	Other ministerial offices held as Leader of the House of Lords
	The Duke of Richmond and Lennox	26 February 1870	21 August 1876	1870–1874	– Lord President of the Council (21 February 1874 – 28 April 1880)
	The Earl of Beaconsfield*	21 August 1876	19 April 1881	1880–1881	– Prime Minister (20 February 1874 – 21 April 1880) – Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal (12 August 1876 – 4 February 1878)
	The Marquess of Salisbury*	9 May 1881	12 July 1902	1881–1885 1886 1892–1895	– Prime Minister (23 June 1885 – 28 January 1886) – Foreign Secretary (24 June 1885 – 6 February 1886) – Prime Minister (25 July 1886 – 11 August 1892) – Foreign Secretary (14 January 1887 – 11 August 1892) – Prime Minister (25 June 1895 – 11 July 1902) – Foreign Secretary (29 June 1895 – 12 November 1900) – Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal (12 November 1900 – 11 July 1902)
	The Duke of Devonshire	12 July 1902	10 October 1903		– Lord President of the Council (29 June 1895 – 19 October 1903) – President of the Board of Education (3 March 1900 – 8 August 1902)
	The Marquess of Lansdowne	10 October 1903	10 December 1916	1905–1915	– Foreign Secretary (12 November 1900 – 4 December 1905) – Minister without Portfolio (25 May 1915 – 10 December 1916)
	The Earl Curzon of Kedleston (1st Marquess Curzon of Kedleston from 1921)	10 December 1916	20 March 1925	1924	– President of the Air Board (15 May 1916 – 3 January 1917) – Lord President of the Council (10 December 1916 – 23 October 1919) – Foreign Secretary (23 October 1919 – 22 January 1924) – Lord President of the Council (3 November 1924 – 20 March 1925)
	The Marquess of Salisbury	27 April 1925	17 June 1931	1929–1931	– Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal (6 November 1924 – 4 June 1929)
	The Viscount Hailsham	17 June 1931	7 June 1935	1931	– War Secretary (5 November 1931 – 7 June 1935)
	The Marquess of Londonderry	7 June 1935	22 November 1935		– Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal
	The Viscount Halifax	22 November 1935	21 February 1938		– Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal (22 November 1935 – 28 May 1937) – Lord President of the Council (22 May 1937 – 9 March 1938)
	The Earl Stanhope	21 February 1938	14 May 1940		– President of the Board of Education (28 May 1937 – 27 October 1938) – First Lord of the Admiralty (27 October 1938 – 3 September 1939) – Lord President of the Council (3 September 1939 – 10 May 1940)
	The Viscount Caldecot	14 May 1940	3 October 1940		– Dominions Secretary
	The Viscount Halifax	3 October 1940	22 December 1940		– Foreign Secretary (21 February 1938 – 22 December 1940)
	The Lord Lloyd	22 December 1940	8 February 1941		– Colonial Secretary (12 May 1940 – 4 February 1941)
	The Lord Moyne	8 February 1941	22 February 1942		– Colonial Secretary
	Viscount Cranborne (5th Marquess of Salisbury from 1947)	21 February 1942	29 March 1957	1945–1951	– Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal (21 February 1942 – 24 September 1943) – Colonial Secretary (21 February 1942 – 22 November 1942) – Dominions Secretary (24 September 1943 – 26 July 1945) – Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal (28 October 1951 – 7 May 1952) – Commonwealth Relations Secretary (12 March 1952 – 24 November 1952) – Lord President of the Council (25 November 1952 – 29 March 1957)
	The Earl of Home	29 March 1957	27 July 1960		– Commonwealth Relations Secretary (7 April 1955 – 27 July 1960) – Lord President of the Council (until 17 September 1957, from 14 October 1959)
	The Viscount Hailsham	27 July 1960	20 October 1963		– Lord President of the Council – Minister for Science (14 October 1959 – 20 October 1963)
	The Lord Carrington	20 October 1963	20 June 1970	1964–1970	– Minister without Portfolio (20 October 1963 – 16 October 1964)
	The Earl Jellicoe	20 June 1970	23 May 1973		– Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal
	The Lord Windlesham	23 May 1973	4 March 1974		– Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal
	The Lord Carrington	4 March 1974	4 May 1979	1974–1979	–
	The Lord Soames	5 May 1979	14 September 1981		– Lord President of the Council
	The Baroness Young	14 September 1981	11 June 1983		– Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster (14 September 1981 – 7 April 1982) – Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal (7 April 1982 – 11 June 1983)
	The Viscount Whitelaw	11 June 1983	10 January 1988		– Lord President of the Council
	The Lord Belstead	10 January 1988	28 November 1990		– Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal
	The Lord Waddington	28 November 1990	11 April 1992		– Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal
	The Lord Wakeham	11 April 1992	20 July 1994		– Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal
	Viscount Cranborne (7th Marquess of Salisbury from 2003)	20 July 1994	3 December 1998	1997–1998	– Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal (20 July 1994 – 2 May 1997)
	The Lord Strathclyde	3 December 1998	7 January 2013	1998–2010	– Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster (12 May 2010 – 7 January 2013)
	The Lord Hill of Oareford	7 January 2013	15 July 2014		– Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster
	The Baroness Stowell of Beeston	15 July 2014	14 July 2016		– Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal
	The Baroness Evans of Bowes Park	14 July 2016	6 September 2022		– Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal
	The Lord True	6 September 2022	Incumbent		– Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal

Leaders in the House of Commons (1834–1922)

Those asterisked were considered the overall leader of the party.

• Sir Robert Peel: 18 December 1834 – 1846*
• Lord George Bentinck: 1846–1847
• The Marquess of Granby: 9 February 1848 – 4 March 1848, elected at a party meeting (see § House of Commons, below)
• None: 1848–1849
• Jointly Benjamin Disraeli, the Marquess of Granby, and John Charles Herries: 1849–1852, elected at a party meeting (see House of Commons)
• Benjamin Disraeli: 1852 – 21 August 1876 (overall leader from 27 February 1868)
• Sir Stafford Northcote: 21 August 1876 – 24 June 1885, appointed by Prime Minister Beaconsfield
• Sir Michael Hicks Beach: 24 June 1885 – 3 August 1886, appointed by Prime Minister Salisbury
• Lord Randolph Churchill: 3 August 1886 – 14 January 1887, appointed by Prime Minister Salisbury
• William Henry Smith: 17 January 1887 – 6 October 1891, appointed by Prime Minister Salisbury
• Arthur Balfour: 1891 – 13 January 1906, appointed by Prime Minister Salisbury (overall leader from 1902)
• Joseph Chamberlain: 1906
• Arthur Balfour: 1906 – 13 November 1911*
• Bonar Law: 13 November 1911 – 21 March 1921, elected at a party meeting (see House of Commons) (overall leader from 1916)
• Austen Chamberlain: 21 March 1921 – 23 October 1922, elected at a party meeting (see House of Commons)

Elections of Conservative leaders by party meeting

House of Commons

#	Date of meeting	Name of leader elected	Category attending meeting	Location of meeting	Chair	Proposer	Seconder	Refs
1	9 February 1848	The Marquess of Granby	Protectionist commoners	Residence of George Bankes	—	—	—
2	1 February 1849	Benjamin Disraeli	—	Residence of the Lord Stanley of Bickerstaffe	—	—	—
		The Marquess of Granby
		John Charles Herries
3	13 November 1911	Bonar Law	Unionist Members of Parliament	Carlton Club, Pall Mall	Henry Chaplin, senior Privy Councillor on the Unionist benches (appointed 1885)	Walter Long	Austen Chamberlain
4	21 March 1921	Austen Chamberlain	Unionist Members of Parliament	Carlton Club, Pall Mall	Lord Edmund Talbot, Conservative Chief Whip	Captain Ernest George Pretyman	Sir Edward Coates: "a back bencher and one of the rank and file"
5	23 October 1922	Bonar Law	Unionist peers, MPs, and candidates	Hotel Cecil, The Strand	The Marquess Curzon of Kedleston, Leader of the House of Lords	The Marquess Curzon of Kedleston	Stanley Baldwin: "chosen ... to be the spokesman for the House of Commons"
6	28 May 1923	Stanley Baldwin	"Conservative Party"	Hotel Cecil, The Strand	The Marquess Curzon of Kedleston, Leader of the House of Lords	The Earl of Derby	Captain Ernest George Pretyman: "a member of the House of Commons who [had] been a colleague in that House of Mr Bonar Law for something over 25 years"
7	31 May 1937	Neville Chamberlain	"peers and MPs who receive the Conservative whip, ... prospective candidates who have been adopted by constituency associations, and ... members of the executive committee of the National Union of Conservative and Unionist associations from England and Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland."	Caxton Hall, Caxton Street	The Viscount Halifax, Leader of the House of Lords	The Earl of Derby	Winston Churchill (Privy Councillor since 1907)
8	9 October 1940	Winston Churchill	"Peers and MPs who receive the Conservative whip, ... prospective candidates who have been adopted by constituency associations, and ... members of the Executive Committee of the National Union of Conservative and Unionist Associations from England and Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland."	London	The Viscount Halifax, Leader of the House of Lords	The Viscount Halifax	Sir George Courthope: "one of the senior back benchers of the party"
9	21 April 1955	Sir Anthony Eden	"Conservative and National Liberal members of the two Houses of Parliament, Conservative and National Liberal parliamentary candidates and members of the executive committee of the National Union of Conservative and Unionist Associations"	Church House, Dean's Yard, Westminster	The Marquess of Salisbury, Leader of the House of Lords	The Marquess of Salisbury	Rab Butler (Privy Councillor since 1939)
10	22 January 1957	Harold Macmillan	"Conservative and Unionist members of the House of Lords and the House of Commons, ... prospective parliamentary candidates and ... members of the executive committee of the National Union of Conservative and Unionist Associations. National Liberal members of both Houses of Parliament and adopted prospective candidates were also present"	—	The Marquess of Salisbury, Leader of the House of Lords	The Marquess of Salisbury	Rab Butler (Privy Councillor since 1939)
11	11 November 1963	Sir Alec Douglas-Home	"members of both Houses of Parliament taking the Conservative whip, prospective candidates who [had] been adopted by constituency associations, members of the executive of the mass party, and National Liberal MPs and adopted prospective candidates"	Church House, Dean's Yard, Westminster	The Lord Carrington, Leader of the House of Lords	The Lord Carrington	Geoffrey Lloyd: "the senior Conservative Privy Councillor in the Commons next in line to Sir Winston Churchill" (appointed 1943)

House of Lords

#	Date of meeting	Name of leader elected	Category attending meeting	Location of meeting	Chair	Proposer	Seconder	Notes
1	9 March 1846	The Lord Stanley of Bickerstaffe	Peers	Residence of the Duke of Richmond	The Earl of Eglinton	—	—
2	15 February 1869	The Earl Cairns	23 peers	—	The Earl of Malmesbury	The Earl of Malmesbury	—
3	26 February 1870	The Duke of Richmond	Peers	Carlton Club	—	The Marquess of Salisbury	The Earl of Derby
4	9 May 1881	The Marquess of Salisbury	Conservative members of the House of Lords	Residence of the Marquess of Abergavenny	The Marquess of Abergavenny	The Duke of Richmond	The Earl Cairns

See also

• 1922 Committee
• Deputy Leader of the Conservative Party (UK)
• Leader of the Labour Party (UK)
• Leader of the Liberal Democrats