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| [[Lourinhã Formation]] ([[Late Jurassic]], [[Kimmeridgian]])
| [[Lourinhã Formation]] ([[Late Jurassic]], [[Kimmeridgian]])
| {{flag|Portugal}}
| {{flag|Portugal}}
| Two species, including the type, are known from the United States. The European species may be a synonym of ''A. fragilis''<ref>{{cite journal |last=Malafaia |first=Elisabete |author2=Dantas, Pedro |author3=Ortega, Francisco |author4= Escaso, Fernando |year=2007 |title=Nuevos restos de ''Allosaurus fragilis'' (Theropoda: Carnosauria) del yacimiento de Andrés (Jurásico Superior; centro-oeste de Portugal)|trans-title=New remains of ''Allosaurus fragilis'' (Theropoda: Carnosauria) of the Andrés deposit (Upper Jurassic; central-west Portugal)|journal=Cantera Paleontológica |pages=255–271 |language=es, en|url=http://www.dfmf.uned.es/~fortega/uned_fo_pdf/2007_Malafaia_etal_EJIP07.pdf }}</ref>
| Three species, including the type, are known from the United States. The European species may be a synonym of ''A. fragilis''<ref>{{cite journal |last=Malafaia |first=Elisabete |author2=Dantas, Pedro |author3=Ortega, Francisco |author4= Escaso, Fernando |year=2007 |title=Nuevos restos de ''Allosaurus fragilis'' (Theropoda: Carnosauria) del yacimiento de Andrés (Jurásico Superior; centro-oeste de Portugal)|trans-title=New remains of ''Allosaurus fragilis'' (Theropoda: Carnosauria) of the Andrés deposit (Upper Jurassic; central-west Portugal)|journal=Cantera Paleontológica |pages=255–271 |language=es, en|url=http://www.dfmf.uned.es/~fortega/uned_fo_pdf/2007_Malafaia_etal_EJIP07.pdf }}</ref>
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Revision as of 22:54, 23 December 2024

The Tethys Ocean splitting Laurasia from Gondwana.

Dinosaurs evolved partway through the Triassic period of the Mesozoic era, around 230 Ma (million years ago). At that time, the earth had one supercontinental landmass, called Pangaea, of which Europe was a part. So it remained throughout the Triassic. By the start of the Jurassic period, some 30 million years later, the supercontinent began to split into Laurasia and Gondwana. The largest inlet from Panthalassa, the superocean that surrounded Pangaea, was called the Tethys Ocean, and as this inlet cut deeper into the supercontinent, much of Europe was flooded.

By the Cretaceous, from 145 to 66 million years ago, the continents were beginning to approach their present shapes, but not their present positions, and Europe remained tropical. At times, it was a chain of island-microcontinents including Baltica and Iberia.

Europe is relatively rich in fossils from the Jurassic-Cretaceous boundary, and much of what is known about European dinosaurs dates from this time. During the Maastrichtian the end of the Cretaceous dinosaurs were dominating western and Central Europe as the Tremp Formation in Spain dates back to that age. Examples of dinosaurs from Maastrichtian Europe are Struthiosaurus and Canardia.

Criteria for inclusion

List of European dinosaurs

Valid genera

Name Year Formation Location Notes Images
Abditosaurus 2022 Tremp Formation (Late Cretaceous, Maastrichtian)  Spain Larger and distantly related to other European sauropods, suggesting it was an immigrant from another continent[1]
Acanthopholis 1867 Chalk Group (Late Cretaceous, Cenomanian)  England Possessed keeled oval scutes as well as long spines
Adynomosaurus 2019 Tremp Formation (Late Cretaceous, Maastrichtian)  Spain Relatively basal despite its late age[2]
Aepisaurus 1852 Grès verts hevétiques (Early Cretaceous, Albian)  France Known only from a humerus which shares some features with camarasaurids and titanosaurs[3]
Ajkaceratops 2010 Csehbánya Formation (Late Cretaceous, Santonian)  Hungary Originally thought to be a ceratopsian although this identification has been doubted by a later study[4]
Allosaurus 1877 Lourinhã Formation (Late Jurassic, Kimmeridgian)  Portugal Three species, including the type, are known from the United States. The European species may be a synonym of A. fragilis[5]
Alocodon 1973 Cabaços Formation (Late Jurassic, Oxfordian)  Portugal Had vertical grooves on its teeth
Altispinax 1923 Wadhurst Clay Formation (Early Cretaceous, Valanginian)  England Possessed elongated neural spines that may have supported a hump-like structure as in Concavenator
Amanzia 2020 Reuchenette Formation (Late Jurassic, Kimmeridgian)   Switzerland One bone preserves fossilized cartilage.[6] Originally believed to be a species of Ornithopsis or Cetiosauriscus
Ampelosaurus 1995 Argiles et Grès à Reptiles Formation, Grès de Labarre, Gres de Saint-Chinian, Marnes Rouges Inférieures Formation (Late Cretaceous, Maastrichtian)  France Had three different types of osteoderms, including spines, plates and bulbs
Anoplosaurus 1879 Cambridge Greensand (Early Cretaceous, Albian)  England Considered an ankylosaur despite the fact no osteoderms have been found. Historically suggested to be an ornithopod
Aragosaurus 1987 Villar del Arzobispo Formation (Early Cretaceous, Berriasian)  Spain Reportedly had a unique ischium
Arcovenator 2014 Argiles et Grès à Reptiles Formation (Late Cretaceous, Campanian)  France Most closely related to abelisaurids from India and Madagascar[7]
Arenysaurus 2009 Tremp Formation (Late Cretaceous, Maastrichtian)  Spain One of the last lambeosaurines prior to their extinction
Aristosuchus 1887 Wealden Group (Early Cretaceous, Barremian)  England May have had long claws based on referred unguals
Asylosaurus 2007 Avon Fissure Fill (Late Triassic, Rhaetian)  England Remains originally identified as Thecodontosaurus
Atsinganosaurus 2010 Argiles et Grès à Reptiles Formation (Late Cretaceous, Maastrichtian)  France Belongs to a unique clade of southwestern European titanosaurs[8]
Aviatyrannis 2003 Alcobaça Formation (Late Jurassic, Oxfordian to Tithonian)  Portugal Although originally described as a tyrannosauroid, it may in fact be the oldest known ornithomimosaur[9]
Barilium 2010 Wadhurst Clay Formation (Early Cretaceous, Valanginian)  England Robust with strong vertebrae and short neural spines
Baryonyx 1986 Weald Clay (Early Cretaceous, Barremian)  England One specimen was found with the remains of fish and a juvenile iguanodont in its stomach, suggesting it was a generalist predator[10]
Betasuchus 1932 Maastricht Formation (Late Cretaceous, Maastrichtian)  Netherlands The first terrestrial vertebrate named from the Maastrichtian stage[11]
Blasisaurus 2010 Arén Formation (Late Cretaceous, Maastrichtian)  Spain Only known from a partial skull but can be distinguished from contemporary lambeosaurines[12]
Bothriospondylus 1875 Kimmeridge Clay (Late Jurassic, Kimmeridgian)  England Several specimens have been assigned to this genus, but most of them have been reclassified into different genera
Bradycneme 1975 Sânpetru Formation (Late Cretaceous, Maastrichtian)  Romania Potentially an alvarezsaurid[6]
Brighstoneus 2021 Wessex Formation (Early Cretaceous, Barremian)  England Possessed a long snout tipped with a low bump
Burianosaurus 2017 Peruc-Korycany Formation (Late Cretaceous, Cenomanian)  Czech Republic May be closely allied to the rhabdodontids[13]
Calamosaurus 1891 Wessex Formation (Early Cretaceous, Barremian)  England Only known from two cervical vertebrae. Several bones have been referred to it over the years but there is no way to prove all of them belonged to the same genus
Calamospondylus 1866 Wessex Formation (Early Cretaceous, Hauterivian)  England Only definitively known from a sacrum and associated pelvic elements
Caletodraco 2024 Chalk of the Pays de Caux (Late Cretaceous, Cenomanian)  France Possibly the first known non-South American furileusaurian abelisaurid[14]
Callovosaurus 1980 Oxford Clay (Middle Jurassic, Callovian)  England The oldest known dryosaurid[15]
Calvarius 2023 Tremp Formation (Late Cretaceous, Maastrichtian)  Spain May have been a cursorial biped similar to basal ornithopods despite being more derived
Camarillasaurus 2014 Camarillas Formation (Early Cretaceous, Barremian)  Spain Described as a ceratosaur[16] but has since been reinterpreted as a spinosaurid[17]
Camelotia 1985 Westbury Formation (Late Triassic to Early Jurassic, Rhaetian to Hettangian)  England One of the largest known non-sauropod sauropodomorphs
Canardia 2013 Marnes d'Auzas Formation (Late Cretaceous, Maastrichtian)  France May have been a close relative of Aralosaurus
Cardiodon 1841 Forest Marble Formation (Middle Jurassic, Bathonian)  England The first sauropod ever named.[18] Known only from a tooth
Ceratosuchops 2021 Wessex Formation (Early Cretaceous, Barremian)  England Differs from Baryonyx in subtle details of its skull
Cetiosauriscus 1927 Oxford Clay (Middle Jurassic, Callovian)  England Has been assigned to a variety of positions around Eusauropoda[19][20][21]
Cetiosaurus 1841 Rutland Formation (Middle Jurassic, Bajocian to Bathonian)  England The first sauropod known from decent remains. Once believed to be a large seagoing animal
Chondrosteosaurus 1876 Wessex Formation (Early Cretaceous, Barremian)  England The air sacs in its vertebrae were originally believed to be filled with cartilage
Compsognathus 1859 Alcobaça Formation?, Canjuers Lagerstätte, Solnhofen Limestone (Late Jurassic, Tithonian)  France
 Germany
 Portugal? 		One of the smallest known non-avian dinosaurs
Comptonatus 2024 Wessex Formation (Early Cretaceous, Barremian to Aptian)  England One of the most completely known ornithopod taxa from the Isle of Wight
Concavenator 2010 La Huérguina Formation (Early Cretaceous, Barremian)  Spain Preserves bumps on its ulna which have been interpreted as quill knobs,[22] although they might have been muscle attachments instead[23]
Craspedodon 1883 Glauconie de Lonzée Formation (Late Cretaceous, Santonian)  Belgium May be the first neoceratopsian known from Europe[24]
Craterosaurus 1874 Woburn Sands Formation (Early Cretaceous, Aptian to Albian)  England Potentially synonymous with Regnosaurus
Cruxicheiros 2010 Chipping Norton Limestone (Middle Jurassic, Bathonian)  England Inconsistent in phylogenetic placement
Cryptosaurus 1869 Ampthill Clay (Late Jurassic, Oxfordian)  England Only known from a single femur
Cumnoria 1888 Kimmeridge Clay (Late Jurassic, Kimmeridgian)  England May be a species of Camptosaurus[25] or something a little more basal[26]
Dacentrurus 1902 Alcobaça Formation, Argiles d'Octeville, Kimmeridge Clay, Lourinhã Formation, Villar del Arzobispo Formation (Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous, Kimmeridgian to Berriasian)  England
 France
 Portugal
 Spain 		Known from abundant remains. Lived in a broad range
Demandasaurus 2011 Castrillo de la Reina Formation (Early Cretaceous, Barremian to Aptian)  Spain Most closely related to African rebbachisaurids, suggesting a faunal exchange[27]
Dinodocus 1884 Lower Greensand Group (Early Cretaceous, Barremian)  England The only known humerus is almost complete, missing only small portions
Dolichosuchus 1932 Löwenstein Formation (Late Triassic, Norian)  Germany Originally classified as a stem-crocodile
Dornraptor 2024 Blue Lias?/Charmouth Mudstone Formation? (Early Jurassic, Sinemurian)  England Originally thought to belong to Scelidosaurus,[28] its remains were then informally named "Merosaurus" before their formal description in 2024[29]
Draconyx 2001 Lourinhã Formation (Late Jurassic, Tithonian)  Portugal May have been a member of an ornithopod clade that did not appear in North America, unlike other groups of Late Jurassic animals[30]
Dracopelta 1980 Lourinhã Formation (Late Jurassic, Tithonian)  Portugal The structure of its limbs suggests it might have had a cursorial lifestyle[31]
Dracoraptor 2016 Blue Lias (Early Jurassic, Hettangian)  Wales May have been a shore dweller due to its island habitat[32]
Dromaeosauroides 2003 Jydegaard Formation (Early Cretaceous, Berriasian)  Denmark A referred coprolite has been found which contains fish remains, but it could instead belong to a turtle[33]
Dubreuillosaurus 2005 Calcaire de Caen (Middle Jurassic, Bathonian)  France Would have lived in a coastal mangrove swamp
Duriatitan 2010 Kimmeridge Clay (Late Jurassic, Kimmeridgian)  England Originally named as a species of Cetiosaurus
Duriavenator 2008 Inferior Oolite (Middle Jurassic, Bajocian)  England The basalmost known member of the Megalosaurinae, which aligns with its stratigraphic position[34]
Echinodon 1861 Purbeck Group (Early Cretaceous, Berriasian)  England Originally misidentified as a herbivorous lizard
Efraasia 1973 Löwenstein Formation (Late Triassic, Norian)  Germany Some remains assigned to this genus were originally classified in separate genera
Emausaurus 1990 Ciechocinek Formation (Early Jurassic, Toarcian)  Germany One of the oldest and basalmost thyreophorans
Eotyrannus 2001 Wessex Formation (Early Cretaceous, Barremian)  England Possessed grasping hands with three long fingers
Eousdryosaurus 2014 Lourinhã Formation (Late Jurassic, Kimmeridgian)  Portugal Described as a dryosaurid[35] but one study suggests a close relationship with elasmarians[36]
Erectopus 1923 La Penthiève Beds (Early Cretaceous, Albian)  France One of the youngest known European carnosaurs
Eucamerotus 1872 Wessex Formation (Early Cretaceous, Barremian)  England Preserves extensive evidence of pneumatization
Eucercosaurus 1879 Cambridge Greensand (Early Cretaceous, Albian)  England Sometimes considered an ankylosaur but one study assigns it to Iguanodontia[37]
Euronychodon 1991 Argiles et sables de Taveiro (Late Cretaceous, Campanian to Maastrichtian)  Portugal Only known from teeth. Another species has been found in Uzbekistan
Europasaurus 2006 Süntel Formation (Late Jurassic, Kimmeridgian)  Germany Much smaller than other sauropods due to its isolated island habitat[38]
Europatitan 2017 Castrillo de la Reina Formation (Early Cretaceous, Barremian to Aptian)  Spain Some of this genus' remains include several vertebrae. The specific name, eastwoodi, honors director Clint Eastwood
Europelta 2013 Escucha Formation (Early Cretaceous, Albian)  Spain Almost the entire skeleton is known
Eustreptospondylus 1964 Oxford Clay (Middle Jurassic to Late Jurassic, Callovian to Oxfordian)  England May have swum between islands similar to a Komodo dragon[39]
Fylax 2021 Figuerola Formation (Late Cretaceous, Maastrichtian)  Spain Lived very late despite its comparatively basal position[40]
Galvesaurus 2005 Villar del Arzobispo Formation (Late Jurassic, Tithonian)  Spain Also spelled Galveosaurus. Two sets of paleontologists named the same fossil seemingly unaware of each other's work, although there is evidence that one of them had plaigiarized the others, but misspelled the name[41]
Garrigatitan 2021 Argiles et Grès à Reptiles Formation (Late Cretaceous, Campanian)  France Known from remains of both adults and subadults
Garumbatitan 2023 Arcillas de Morella Formation (Early Cretaceous, Barremian)  Spain Had a reduced claw on the third toe
Genusaurus 1995 Bevons Beds (Early Cretaceous, Albian)  France Has been suggested to be either a noasaurid[42] or an abelisaurid[43]
Gideonmantellia 2012 Camarillas Formation (Early Cretaceous, Barremian)  Spain Originally misidentified as a specimen of Hypsilophodon
Gigantosaurus 1869 Kimmeridge Clay (Late Jurassic, Kimmeridgian)  England May have possessed osteoderms
Haestasaurus 2015 Wealden Group (Early Cretaceous, Berriasian to Valanginian)  England Preserves impressions of differently-sized hexagonal scales
Halticosaurus 1908 Löwenstein Formation (Late Triassic, Norian)  Germany Historically conflated with the bones of unrelated animals
Heptasteornis 1975 Sânpetru Formation (Late Cretaceous, Maastrichtian)  Romania Once believed to be a giant prehistoric owl
Hesperonyx 2024 Lourinhã Formation (Late Jurassic, Kimmeridgian)  Portugal Only known from the remains of the fore- and hindlimbs
Histriasaurus 1998 Unnamed formation (Early Cretaceous, Hauterivian to Barremian)  Croatia Despite being discovered in Europe, it may have lived between southern Europe and Africa in life[44]
Horshamosaurus 2015 Weald Clay (Early Cretaceous, Barremian)  England A supposed tibia has been reinterpreted as an ischium[45]
Hungarosaurus 2005 Csehbánya Formation (Late Cretaceous, Santonian)  Hungary Possessed an elevated shoulder which may be an adaptation to high-browsing[46]
Hylaeosaurus 1833 Bückeberg Formation?, Grinstead Clay Formation, Tunbridge Wells Sand Formation (Early Cretaceous, Valanginian)  England
 Germany? 		One of the three animals originally used to define the Dinosauria, along with Iguanodon and Megalosaurus
Hypselosaurus 1869 Argiles et Grès à Reptiles Formation (Late Cretaceous, Maastrichtian)  France Several spherical eggs have been attributed to this taxon
Hypselospinus 2010 Wadhurst Clay Formation (Early Cretaceous, Valanginian)  England Had elongated neural spines projecting from the top of its vertebrae
Hypsilophodon 1869 Wessex Formation (Early Cretaceous, Hauterivian to Barremian)  England May have been a deer-like low browser that fed on young shoots and roots
Iberospinus 2022 Papo Seco Formation (Early Cretaceous, Barremian)  Portugal Basal yet already displays some adaptations for a semiaquatic lifestyle
Iguanodon 1825 Arcillas de Morella Formation, Camarillas Formation, Sainte-Barbe Clays Formation, Wadhurst Clay Formation, Weald Clay, Wealden Group, Wessex Formation (Early Cretaceous, Barremian to Aptian)  Belgium
 England
 Germany?
 Spain 		Multiple remains are known which make it one of the best known dinosaurs
Iliosuchus 1932 Taynton Limestone Formation (Middle Jurassic, Bathonian)  England Only known from three ilia
Iuticosaurus 1993 Upper Greensand Formation, Wessex Formation (Early Cretaceous, Hauterivian to Barremian)  England Two species have been named, each from a single caudal vertebra
Juratyrant 2013 Kimmeridge Clay (Late Jurassic, Tithonian)  England Originally named as a species of Stokesosaurus
Juravenator 2006 Painten Formation (Late Jurassic, Kimmeridgian)  Germany Impressions of both scales and feathers are known. The tail preserves structures that may be integumentary sense organs like those of crocodiles, which it may have used to prey on fish at night[47]
Lexovisaurus 1957 Oxford Clay (Middle Jurassic, Callovian)  England Its pelvis was greatly enlarged
Liliensternus 1984 Trossingen Formation (Late Triassic, Norian to Rhaetian)  Germany Although commonly depicted with a head crest, there is no evidence for such a feature
Lirainosaurus 1999 Marnes Rouges Inférieures Formation?, Sierra Perenchiza Formation, Sobrepena Formation (Late Cretaceous, Campanian to Maastrichtian)  France?
 Spain 		For a titanosaur, it was small and had a relatively gracile build
Lohuecotitan 2016 Villalba de la Sierra Formation (Late Cretaceous, Campanian to Maastrichtian)  Spain May have had "bulb-and-root"-type osteoderms, which are abundant at the type locality[48]
Lophostropheus 2007 Moon-Airel Formation (Late Triassic to Early Jurassic, Rhaetian to Hettangian)  France The only substantially well-known theropod from the Triassic-Jurassic boundary[49]
Loricatosaurus 2008 Marnes à Belemnopsis latesulcatus Formation, Oxford Clay (Middle Jurassic, Callovian)  England
 France 		Had narrow, flat plates on its back and round, pointed spines that ran along the tail
Losillasaurus 2001 Villar del Arzobispo Formation (Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous?, Kimmeridgian to Berriasian?)  Spain Was heterodont, having four types of teeth, one of which was heart-shaped[50]
Lourinhanosaurus 1998 Lourinhã Formation (Late Jurassic, Kimmeridgian to Tithonian)  Portugal More than one hundred eggs have been referred to this taxon
Lourinhasaurus 1998 Lourinhã Formation (Late Jurassic, Kimmeridgian)  Portugal Closely related to Camarasaurus but with proportionately longer forelimbs
Lusotitan 2003 Lourinhã Formation (Late Jurassic, Tithonian)  Portugal Originally named as a European species of Brachiosaurus
Lusovenator 2020 Lourinhã Formation (Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous, Kimmeridgian to Berriasian)  Portugal The oldest carcharodontosaurian known from Eurasia
Macrurosaurus 1869 Cambridge Greensand, Chalk Group? (Early Cretaceous, Albian)  England Only known from a series of caudal vertebrae
Magnamanus 2016 Golmayo Formation (Early Cretaceous, Hauterivian to Barremian)  Spain Possessed relatively enlarged hands
Magnosaurus 1932 Inferior Oolite (Middle Jurassic, Bajocian)  England Confusingly, a referred specimen was simultaneously named as a species of this genus and of Sarcosaurus
Magyarosaurus 1932 Sânpetru Formation (Late Cretaceous, Maastrichtian)  Romania An insular dwarf titanosaur that was one of the smallest of its group
Mantellisaurus 2007 Arcillas de Morella Formation, Lower Greensand Group, Sainte-Barbe Clays Formation, Vectis Formation, Wessex Formation (Early Cretaceous, Barremian to Aptian)  Belgium
 England
 Germany?
 Spain 		Several specimens are known. Distinguishable from the contemporary Iguanodon by its more gracile build
Marmarospondylus 1875 Forest Marble Formation (Middle Jurassic, Bathonian)  England Usually assigned to the genus Bothriospondylus, but this cannot be confirmed
Matheronodon 2017 Argiles et Grès à Reptiles Formation (Late Cretaceous, Campanian)  France Had extremely specialized dentition that may have been an adaptation to feeding on tough monocot plants[51]
Megalosaurus 1824 Chipping Norton Limestone, Taynton Limestone Formation (Middle Jurassic, Bathonian)  England The first non-avian dinosaur scientifically named and described
Metriacanthosaurus 1964 Oxford Clay (Late Jurassic, Oxfordian)  England Possessed relatively tall neural spines for a carnosaur
Miragaia 2009 Lourinhã Formation (Late Jurassic, Kimmeridgian to Tithonian)  Portugal Had an extremely elongated neck made up of seventeen vertebrae. May be synonymous with Dacentrurus[52][53]
Mochlodon 1881 Csehbánya Formation, Gosau Group (Late Cretaceous, Santonian to Campanian)  Austria
 Hungary 		The type specimen was originally named as a species of Iguanodon
Morelladon 2015 Arcillas de Morella Formation (Early Cretaceous, Barremian)  Spain Possessed a low sail on its back supported by elongated neural spines
Morinosaurus 1874 Unnamed formation (Late Jurassic, Kimmeridgian)  France Poorly known
Neosodon 1885 Sables et Grès à Trigonia gibbosa (Late Jurassic, Tithonian)  France No species are assigned to this genus. Popularly associated with "Iguanodon" praecursor but is in fact a separate taxon[54]
Neovenator 1996 Wessex Formation (Early Cretaceous, Hauterivian to Barremian)  England Had a complex series of neurovascular canals lining its snout[55]
Normanniasaurus 2013 Poudingue Ferrugineux (Early Cretaceous, Albian)  France Represents a European radiation of basal titanosaurs[56]
Notatesseraeraptor 2019 Klettgau Formation (Late Triassic, Norian)   Switzerland Combines features of different groups of basal theropods
Nuthetes 1854 Lulworth Formation (Early Cretaceous, Berriasian)  England Only known from jaws and teeth. Traditionally identified as a dromaeosaurid but it might be a proceratosaurid instead[57]
Oblitosaurus 2023 Villar del Arzobispo Formation (Late Jurassic, Kimmeridgian to Tithonian)  Spain The largest ornithopod known from the Late Jurassic of Europe
Oceanotitan 2019 Lourinhã Formation (Late Jurassic, Kimmeridgian)  Portugal Potentially the oldest known somphospondylian[58]
Ohmdenosaurus 1978 Posidonia Shale (Early Jurassic, Toarcian)  Germany Originally misidentified as a plesiosaur
Oplosaurus 1852 Wessex Formation (Early Cretaceous, Barremian)  England The holotype tooth was pointed, which led to its misidentification as a carnivorous reptile[59]
Ornithodesmus 1887 Wessex Formation (Early Cretaceous, Barremian)  England Historically conflated with the remains of the pterosaur Istiodactylus
Ornithopsis 1870 Wealden Group (Early Cretaceous, Barremian)  England) Originally believed to be an intermediate form between birds, pterosaurs and dinosaurs
Orthomerus 1883 Maastricht Formation (Late Cretaceous, Maastrichtian)  Netherlands Potentially dubious and undiagnostic[60]
Ostromia 2017 Painten Formation (Late Jurassic, Tithonian)  Germany Considered a small pterosaur until it was redescribed as a specimen of Archaeopteryx in 1970.[61] Some of its features are similar to those of Anchiornis
Owenodon 2009 Lulworth Formation (Early Cretaceous, Berriasian)  England Has been assigned to Iguanodon and Camptosaurus before it received its own genus
Paludititan 2010 Sânpetru Formation (Late Cretaceous, Maastrichtian)  Romania Some of its bones are identical to those of Magyarosaurus, but their synonymy cannot be confirmed
Pararhabdodon 1993 Tremp Formation (Late Cretaceous, Maastrichtian)  Spain The first lambeosaurine identified from Europe
Pareisactus 2019 Tremp Formation (Late Cretaceous, Maastrichtian)  Spain Represented by a single scapula recovered from a hadrosaur bonebed
Pelecanimimus 1994 La Huérguina Formation (Early Cretaceous, Barremian)  Spain Preserves extensive soft tissue impressions revealing the presence of a keratinous head crest and a pelican-like gular pouch
Pelorosaurus 1850 Tunbridge Wells Sand Formation (Early Cretaceous, Hauterivian)  England The first sauropod identified as a terrestrial animal
Pendraig 2021 Pant-y-Ffynnon Quarry (Late Triassic, Rhaetian)  Wales Would have lived on a dry limestone island[62]
Phyllodon 1973 Alcobaça Formation (Late Jurassic, Kimmeridgian)  Portugal The front and back of its teeth were asymmetrical
Piveteausaurus 1977 Marnes de Dives (Middle Jurassic, Callovian)  France Has been suggested to be a species of Proceratosaurus
Plateosaurus 1837 Klettgau Formation, Löwenstein Formation, Lunde Formation, Trossingen Formation (Late Triassic, Norian)  France?
 Germany
 Norway
  Switzerland 		Known from over a hundred skeletons, several of them nearly complete
Pneumatoraptor 2010 Csehbánya Formation (Late Cretaceous, Santonian)  Hungary One study suggests a position as a possible early palaeognath[63]
Poekilopleuron 1836 Calcaire de Caen (Middle Jurassic, Bathonian)  France Its holotype was found alongside fish remains[64]
Polacanthus 1865 Wessex Formation (Early Cretaceous, Barremian)  England Possessed a flat sacral shield dotted with small bumps
Portellsaurus 2021 Margas de Mirambell Formation (Early Cretaceous, Barremian)  Spain Closely related to Ouranosaurus[65]
Priodontognathus 1875 Lower Calcareous Grit (Late Jurassic, Oxfordian)  England Only known from a single maxilla with teeth
Proa 2012 Escucha Formation (Early Cretaceous, Albian)  Spain The tip of its jaw was shaped like the bow of a ship
Proceratosaurus 1926 Great Oolite Group (Middle Jurassic, Bathonian)  England Preserves a small horn on its snout which may have anchored a crest as in the related Guanlong
Procompsognathus 1913 Löwenstein Formation (Late Triassic, Norian)  Germany Has been suggested to be non-dinosaurian
Protathlitis 2023 Arcillas de Morella Formation (Early Cretaceous, Barremian)  Spain Large but basal for a spinosaurid
Pterospondylus 1913 Trossingen Formation (Late Triassic, Norian)  Germany Known from only a single, large vertebra
Pyroraptor 2000 Argiles et Grès à Reptiles Formation (Late Cretaceous, Campanian to Maastrichtian)  France Its holotype specimen was exposed by a forest fire
Qunkasaura 2024 Villalba de la Sierra Formation (Late Cretaceous, Campanian to Maastrichtian)  Spain May have been closely related to Abditosaurus[66]
Regnosaurus 1848 Tunbridge Wells Sand Formation (Early Cretaceous, Berriasian to Valanginian)  England Potentially a stegosaur similar to Huayangosaurus[67]
Rhabdodon 1869 Grès de Labarre, Gres de Saint-Chinian, Marnes Rouges Inférieures Formation, Villalba de la Sierra Formation (Late Cretaceous, Maastrichtian)  France
 Spain 		Although most rhabdodontids are insular dwarfs, this genus may represent an instance of island gigantism as it is much larger than other members of its family[68]
Riabininohadros 2020 Unnamed formation (Late Cretaceous, Maastrichtian)  Crimea ( Russia de facto;  Ukraine de jure) Possessed a femur so unique it has no morphological equivalents across all of Iguanodontia
Riojavenatrix 2024 Enciso Group (Early Cretaceous, Barremian to Aptian)  Spain Originally identified as a specimen of Baryonyx
Riparovenator 2021 Wessex Formation (Early Cretaceous, Barremian)  England Had elongated spines projecting from its caudal vertebrae somewhat similar to those of Spinosaurus
Ruehleia 2001 Trossingen Formation (Late Triassic, Norian)  Germany Known from a single, nearly complete skeleton
Saltriovenator 2018 Saltrio Formation (Early Jurassic, Sinemurian)  Italy The biggest theropod from the Early Jurassic yet known
Sarcolestes 1893 Oxford Clay (Middle Jurassic, Callovian)  England Originally misidentified as a carnivorous dinosaur
Sarcosaurus 1921 Scunthorpe Mudstone (Early Jurassic, Hettangian to Sinemurian)  England Has been variously suggested to be in different positions at the base of Neotheropoda[69][70][71][72]
Scelidosaurus 1859 Charmouth Mudstone Formation (Early Jurassic, Sinemurian to Pliensbachian)  England Carried hundreds of small osteoderms in several rows along its back
Schleitheimia 2020 Klettgau Formation (Late Triassic, Norian)   Switzerland Possessed a relatively enlarged ilium
Scipionyx 1998 Pietraroja Plattenkalk (Early Cretaceous, Albian)  Italy So well preserved that several internal organs and their positions in life could be accurately reconstructed
Sciurumimus 2012 Torleite Formation (Late Jurassic, Kimmeridgian)  Germany Had a bushy tail similar to that of a squirrel
Soriatitan 2017 Golmayo Formation (Early Cretaceous, Hauterivian to Barremian)  Spain The first confirmed brachiosaurid known from Early Cretaceous Europe
Stenopelix 1857 Obernkirchen Sandstein (Early Cretaceous, Berriasian)  Germany Possibly closely related to basal ceratopsians from Late Jurassic China[73]
Streptospondylus 1832 Marnes de Dives?/Marnes de Villers? (Middle Jurassic to Late Jurassic, Callovian to Oxfordian)  France Originally believed to represent a marine crocodile
Struthiosaurus 1871 Argiles et Grès à Reptiles Formation, Gosau Group, Sânpetru Formation (Late Cretaceous, Santonian to Maastrichtian)  Austria
 France
 Hungary?
 Romania 		Analysis of its braincase suggests poor hearing and a sluggish, solitary lifestyle[74]
Syngonosaurus 1879 Cambridge Greensand (Early Cretaceous, Albian)  England Usually considered a synonym of Acanthopholis but it has been reinterpreted as an iguanodont[37]
Tamarro 2021 Tremp Formation (Late Cretaceous, Maastrichtian)  Spain May have been closely related to Asian troodontids[75]
Tanystrosuchus 1963 Löwenstein Formation (Late Triassic, Norian)  Germany The only known vertebra was once misidentified as a phytosaur
Tarascosaurus 1991 Fuvelian Beds (Late Cretaceous, Campanian)  France If an abelisaurid it would be one of the few northern members of the group
Tastavinsaurus 2008 Forcall Formation, Xert Formation (Early Cretaceous, Barremian)  Spain Could represent an obscure group of macronarians called Laurasiformes[76]
Teinurosaurus 1928 Mont-Lambert Formation (Late Jurassic, Tithonian)  France Poorly known
Telmatosaurus 1903 Sânpetru Formation (Late Cretaceous, Maastrichtian)  Romania One specimen preserves a facial deformity caused by an ameloblastoma[77]
Tethyshadros 2009 Calcare di Aurisina (Late Cretaceous, Campanian)  Italy Had limbs adapted for high speed but were too short for running[46]
Thecocoelurus 1923 Wessex Formation (Early Cretaceous, Barremian)  England Has been assigned to a variety of theropod groups throughout history
Thecodontosaurus 1836 Magnesian Conglomerate (Late Triassic, Rhaetian)  England Could have been an extremely fast bipedal runner[78]
Thecospondylus 1882 Wealden Group (Early Cretaceous, Valanginian to Hauterivian)  England Indeterminate within Dinosauria
Torvosaurus 1979 Kimmeridge Clay?, Lourinhã Formation, Ornatenton Formation, Vega Formation? (Middle Jurassic to Late Jurassic, Callovian to Tithonian)  England?
 Germany
 Portugal
 Spain? 		The type species was found in the United States. Several species lived around the world, including in Europe, but T. gurneyi is the only non-North American species to receive a formal name. It represents Europe's largest terrestrial predator[79]
Transylvanosaurus 2022 Pui Beds (Late Cretaceous, Maastrichtian)  Romania Had an unusually wide skull compared to other rhabdodontids
Trimucrodon 1973 Lourinhã Formation (Late Jurassic, Kimmeridgian)  Portugal Possessed wedge-shaped teeth
Tuebingosaurus 2022 Trossingen Formation (Late Triassic, Norian)  Germany Although originally assigned to Plateosaurus, it contains several features that point to a more derived position
Turiasaurus 2006 Villar del Arzobispo Formation (Late Jurassic, Kimmeridgian to Tithonian)  Spain Extremely large despite not being a member of Neosauropoda
Valdosaurus 1977 Weald Clay, Wealden Group, Wessex Formation (Early Cretaceous, Berriasian to Barremian)  England Large and similar to Dryosaurus
Vallibonavenatrix 2019 Arcillas de Morella Formation (Early Cretaceous, Barremian)  Spain One of the most complete spinosaurids known from Iberia
Variraptor 1998 Argiles et Grès à Reptiles Formation (Late Cretaceous, Campanian to Maastrichtian)  France May be closely related to Bambiraptor[63]
Vectaerovenator 2020 Lower Greensand Group (Early Cretaceous, Aptian)  England Only known from four vertebrae but are distinct enough to be classified as their own genus
Vectidromeus 2023 Wessex Formation (Early Cretaceous, Barremian)  England Originally described as a relative of the coeval Hypsilophodon, but a subsequent analysis suggests possible dryosaurid affinities for this genus[80]
Vectipelta 2023 Wessex Formation (Early Cretaceous, Hauterivian to Barremian)  England May have been more closely related to Asian ankylosaurs than to European ones[81]
Vectiraptor 2021 Wessex Formation (Early Cretaceous, Barremian)  England Shares some features with North American dromaeosaurids
Velocipes 1932 Lissauer Breccia (Late Triassic, Norian)  Poland Has been considered a dubious, indeterminate vertebrate[82]
Volgatitan 2018 Unnamed formation (Early Cretaceous, Hauterivian)  Russia Closely related to South American titanosaurs
Vouivria 2017 Calcaires de Clerval (Late Jurassic, Oxfordian)  France The oldest known titanosauriform
Wiehenvenator 2016 Ornatenton Formation (Middle Jurassic, Callovian)  Germany Before its formal description, it had been nicknamed the "Minden Monster"
Xenoposeidon 2007 Wealden Group (Early Cretaceous, Berriasian to Valanginian)  England Only known from a single, very unique vertebra
Yaverlandia 1971 Vectis Formation?, Wessex Formation (Early Cretaceous, Barremian)  England Originally misidentified as a pachycephalosaur because of its thick skull roof
Zalmoxes 2003 Densuş-Ciula Formation, Sânpetru Formation, Sebeş Formation (Late Cretaceous, Maastrichtian)  Romania Two species of contrasting sizes have been named
Zby 2014 Lourinhã Formation (Late Jurassic, Kimmeridgian)  Portugal Originally believed to be a specimen of Turiasaurus

Invalid and potentially valid genera

Timeline

This is a timeline of selected dinosaurs from the list above. Time is measured in Ma, megaannum, along the x-axis.

MesozoicTriassicJurassicCretaceousBetasuchusZalmoxesMagyarosaurusHypselosaurusElopteryxPyroraptorAmpelosaurusStruthiosaurusHungarosaurusErectopusAnoplosaurusAcanthopholisScipionyxValdoraptorNeovenatorIguanodonEucamerotusEotyrannusDollodonBaryonyxAristosuchusAragosaurusPolacanthusMacrurosaurusHistriasaurusPelorosaurusMantellisaurusHypsilophodonHylaeosaurusValdosaurusXenoposeidonEchinodonTuriasaurusTorvosaurusStegosaurusNeosodonLusotitanJuratyrantCompsognathusArchaeopteryxDacentrurusMiragaia (dinosaur)LourinhanosaurusJuravenatorEuropasaurusDracopeltaDinheirosaurusCumnoriaAviatyrannisAllosaurusSarcolestesLoricatosaurusEustreptospondylusCeratosaurusCallovosaurusProceratosaurusPoekilopleuronDubreuillosaurusBothriospondylusDuriavenatorMegalosaurusCetiosaurusSarcosaurusLopostropheusAsylosaurusScelidosaurusHalticosaurusEfraasiaLiliensternusCamelotiaRuehleiaPlateosaurusSellosaurusMesozoicTriassicJurassicCretaceous

See also

Notes

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