Pentium: Difference between revisions
merge seems to have been completed |
m moved Pentium to Pentium (trademark): More explicit, to avoid confusion. |
(No difference)
| |
Revision as of 10:33, 3 June 2010
 | This article needs additional citations for verification. (August 2007) |
Pentium is a registered trademark that is included in the brand names of many of Intel's x86-compatible microprocessors, both single- and multi-core.[1] The original Pentium[2] CPU was released in 1993 with Intel's fifth-generation "P5" microarchitecture (in Greek penta means 'five'), following Intel's previous series of 8086, 80186, 80286, 80386, and 80486 processors (model numbers cannot always be trademarked[3]). Pentium was then used in brand names for later generation processors (listed below), distinguished by suffixes such as "Pro", "II", "III", "4", "D" and "Dual-Core".
In 1998, Intel introduced the Celeron[2] brand for low-priced processors. With the 2006 introduction of the "upper" Core 2 brand, there was no plan to use the Pentium trademark anymore, but Intel developed a line of mid-range dual-core processors under the Pentium Dual-Core name at the request of laptop manufacturers.[4] The Pentium brand thus lost its "upper" position and was repositioned between the Core 2 and Celeron Dual-Core lines as of 2007.[5][6]
In 2009, the "Dual-Core" suffix was dropped, and new processors started carrying the plain Pentium name again.
Overview
During development Intel generally identifies processors with codenames, such as Prescott, Willamette, Coppermine, Katmai, Klamath or Deschutes. These usually become widely known,[7] even after the processors are given official names on launch.
| Brand | Microarchitecture | Desktop | Laptop | Server |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pentium Pentium OverDrive |
P5 | P5 (0.8 µm) P54 (0.6 µm) P54CS (0.35 µm) |
||
| Pentium MMX Pentium OverDrive MMX |
P55C (0.35 µm) Tillamook (0.25 µm) | |||
| Pentium Pro | P6 | P6 (0.5 µm) P6 (0.35 µm) | ||
| Pentium II Pentium II Xeon Pentium II OverDrive Mobile Pentium II |
Klamath (0.35 µm) Deschutes (0.25 µm) |
Tonga (0.25 µm) Dixon (0.25 µm) |
Drake (0.25 µm) | |
| Pentium III Pentium III Xeon Mobile Pentium III Pentium III M |
Katmai (0.25 µm) Coppermine (180 nm) Tualatin (130 nm) |
Coppermine (180 nm) Tualatin(130 nm) |
Tanner (0.25 µm) Cascades (180 nm) | |
| Pentium 4 Pentium 4 Extreme Edition |
NetBurst | Willamette (180 nm) Northwood (130 nm) Gallatin (130 nm) Prescott-2M (90 nm) Prescott (90 nm) Cedar Mill (65 nm) |
Northwood (130 nm) Prescott (90 nm) |
Rebranded as Xeon |
| Pentium D Pentium Extreme Edition |
Smithfield (90 nm) Presler (65 nm) |
|||
| Pentium M | P6 based | Banias (90 nm) Dothan (65 nm) | ||
| Pentium Dual-Core | Yonah (65 nm) | |||
| Core | Allendale (65 nm) Wolfdale-3M (45 nm) |
Merom-2M (65 nm) | ||
| Pentium | Wolfdale-3M (45 nm) | Penryn-3M (45 nm) | ||
| Nehalem | Clarkdale (32 nm) | |||
Pentium branded processors
P5 microarchitecture based
The original Pentium and Pentium MMX processors were the superscalar follow-on to the 80486 processor and were marketed from 1993 to 1999. Some versions of these were available as Pentium OverDrive that would fit into older CPU sockets.
| Core | Process | Frequency | L1 Cache | FSB | Socket | Release date |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| P5 | 0.8 µm | 60–66 MHz | 16 KiB | 60–66 MHz | Socket 4 | March 1993 |
| P54C | 0.6 µm | 75–120 MHz | 16 KiB | 50–66 MHz | Socket 5 | October 1994 |
| P54CS | 0.35 µm | 133–200 MHz | 16 KiB | 60–66 MHz | Socket 7 | June 1995 |
| P55C | 0.35 µm | 120–233 MHz | 32 KiB | 60–66 MHz | Socket 7 | March 1995 |
| Tillamook | 0.25 µm | 166–300 MHz | 32 KiB | 66 MHz | Socket 7 | August 1997 |
P6 microarchitecture based
In parallel with the P5 microarchitecture, Intel developed the P6 microarchitecture and started marketing it as the Pentium Pro for the high-end market in 1995. It introduced out-of-order execution and an integrated second level cache on dual-chip processor package. The second P6 generation replaced the original P5 with the Pentium II and rebranded the high-end version as Pentium II Xeon. It was followed by a third version called the Pentium III and Pentium III Xeon, respectively, which added the MMX instructions that were also present in the Pentium MMX.
Versions of these processors for the Laptop marked were initially called Mobile Pentium II and Mobile Pentium III, later versions were called Pentium III-M. Starting with the Pentium II, the Celeron brand was used for low-end versions of most Pentium processors with a reduced feature set such as a smaller cache or missing power management features.
| Core | Process | Frequency | L2 Cache | FSB | Socket | Release date |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| P6 | 0.5 µm | 150 MHz | 256 KiB | 60–66 MHz | Socket 8 | November 1995 |
| P6 | 0.35 µm | 166–200 MHz | 256–1024 KiB | 60–66 MHz | Socket 8 |
| Core | Process | Frequency | L2 Cache | FSB | Socket | Release date |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Klamath | 0.35 µm | 233–300 MHz | 512 KiB | 66 MHz | Slot 1 | May 1997 |
| Deschutes | 0.25 µm | 266–450 MHz | 512 KiB | 66–100 MHz | Slot 1 | January 1998 |
| Tonga | 0.25 µm | 233–300 MHz | 512 KiB | 66 MHz | MMC-2 | April 1998 |
| Dixon | 0.25 µm | 266–366 MHz | 256 KiB | 66 MHz | MMC-2 |
| Core | Process | Frequency | L2 Cache | FSB | Socket | Release date |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Katmai | 0.25 µm | 450–600 MHz | 512 KiB | 100–133 MHz | Slot 1 | February 1999 |
| Coppermine | 0.18 µm | 400–1130 MHz | 256 KiB | 100–133 MHz | Slot 1, Socket 370, BGA2, µPGA2 | October 1999 |
| Tualatin | 0.13 µm | 700–1400 MHz | 512 KiB | 100–133 MHz | Socket 370, BGA2, µPGA2 |
In 2000, Intel introduced a new microarchitecture called NetBurst, with a much longer pipeline enabling higher clock frequencies than the P6 based processors. Initially, these were called Pentium 4 and the high-end versions have since been called just Xeon. As with Pentium III, there are both Mobile Pentium 4 and Pentium 4 M processors for the laptop market, with Pentium 4 M denoting the more power-efficient versions. Enthusiasts version of the Pentium 4 with the highest clock frequency were called Pentium 4 Extreme Edition.
The Pentium D was the first multi-core Pentium, integrating two Pentium 4 chips in one package and was also available as the enthusiast Pentium Extreme Edition.
| Core | Process | Clock Speeds | L2 Cache | FSB Speeds | Socket | Release Date |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Willamette | 180 nm | 1.3–2.0 GHz | 256 KiB | 400 MHz | Socket 423 | November 2000 |
| Northwood | 130 nm | 1.4–3.06 GHz | 512 KiB | 400–800 MHz | Socket 478 | January 2002 |
| Gallatin | 130 nm | 3.2–3.46 GHz | 512 KiB + 2 MiB L3 | 800–1066 MHz | Socket 478, LGA 775 | November 2003 |
| Prescott | 90 nm | 2.4–3.8 GHz | 1 MiB | 533–800 MHz | Socket 478, LGA 775 | February 2004 |
| Prescott-2M | 90 nm | 2.8–3.8 GHz | 2 MiB | 800–1066 MHz | LGA 775 | February 2005 |
| Cedar Mill | 65 nm | 3.0–3.6 GHz | 2 MiB | 800 MHz | LGA 775 | January 2006 |
| Core | Process | CLock Speeds | L2 Cache | FSB Speeds | Socket | Release Date |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Smithfield | 90 nm | 2.66–3.2 GHz | 2 MiB | 533–800 MHz | Socket T | May, 2005 |
| Smithfield XE | 90 nm | 3.2 GHz | 2 MiB | 800 MHz | Socket T | May, 2005 |
| Presler | 65 nm | 2.8–3.6 GHz | 4 MiB | 800 MHz | Socket T | January, 2006 |
| Presler XE | 65 nm | 3.46–3.73 GHz | 4 MiB | 1066 MHz | Socket T | January, 2006 |
In 2003, Intel introduced a new processor based on the P6 microarchitecture called Pentium M, which was much more power efficient than the Mobile Pentium 4, Pentium 4 M and Pentium III M. Dual-core version of the Pentium M was developed under the code name Yonah and sold under the marketing names Core Duo and Pentium Dual-Core. Unlike Pentium D, it integrated both cores on a single chip. From this point, the Intel Core brand name was used for the mainstream Intel processors and the Pentium brand became a low-end version between Celeron and Core. All Pentium M based designs including Yonah are for the mobile market.
| Core | Process | Frequency | L1 Cache | L2 Cache | FSB | Socket | Release date |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Banias | 130 nm | 900–1700 MHz | 64 KiB | 1 MiB | 400 MHz | Socket 479 | March 2003 |
| Dothan | 90 nm | 1.00–2.26 GHz | 64 KiB | 2 MiB | 400–533 MHz | FC-uBGA | June 2004 |
Core microarchitecture based
The Pentium Dual-Core name continued to be used when the Yonah design was extended with 64 bit support, now called the Core microarchitecture. This microarchitecture eventually replaced all NetBurst based processors across the four brands, Celeron, Pentium, Core and Xeon. Pentium Dual-Core processors based on the Core microarchitecture use the Allendale and Wolfdale-3M designs for desktop processors and Merom-2M for mobile processors.
| Core | Process | Clock Speeds | L1 Cache | L2 Cache | FSB Speeds | Socket | Release date |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yonah | 65 nm | 1.6–1.86 GHz | 64 KiB | 1 MiB | 533 MHz | Socket M | January 2007 |
| Merom-2M | 65 nm | 1.46–2.16 GHz | 64 KiB | 1 MiB | 533–667 MHz | Socket P | Q4 2007 |
| Allendale | 65 nm | 1.6–2.4 GHz | 64 KiB | 1 MiB | 800 MHz | Socket 775 | June 2007 |
| Wolfdale-3M | 45 nm | 2.2–2.7 GHz | 64 KiB | 2 MiB | 800 MHz | Socket 775 | August 2008 |
| Core | Process | Clock Speeds | L1 Cache | L2 Cache | FSB Speeds | Socket | Release date |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wolfdale-3M | 45 nm | 2.8–3.06 GHz | 64 KiB | 2 MiB | 1066 MHz | Socket 775 | May 2009 |
| Penryn-3M | 45 nm | 2.0–2.3 GHz | 64 KiB | 1 MiB | 800 MHz | Socket P | January 2009 |
| Penryn-3M ULV | 45 nm | 1.3–1.5 GHz | 64 KiB | 2 MiB | 800 MHz | BGA 956 | September 2009 |
| Penryn-L ULV 1 | 45 nm | 1.3–1.4 GHz | 64 KiB | 2 MiB | 800 MHz | BGA 956 | May 2009 |
| Codename | Brand Name | Model (list) | Cores | L2 Cache | Socket | TDP |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Allendale | Pentium Dual-Core | E2xxx | 2 | 1 MB | LGA 775 | 65 W |
| Merom-2M | Mobile Pentium Dual-Core | T2xxx T3xxx |
2 | 1 MB | Socket P | 35 W |
| Wolfdale-3M | Pentium Dual-Core | E2xxx | 2 | 1 MB | LGA 775 | 65 W |
| E5xxx | 2 MB | |||||
| Pentium | E6xxx | |||||
| Penryn-3M | Mobile Pentium | T4xxx | 2 | 1 MB | Socket P | 35 W |
| SU4xxx | 2 MB | µFC-BGA 956 | 10 W | |||
| Penryn-L | SU2xxx | 1 | 5.5 W |
In 2009, Intel changed the naming system for Pentium processors, renaming the Wolfdale-3M based processors to Pentium, without the Dual-Core name and introduced new single- and dual-core processors based on Penryn under the Pentium name.
The Penryn core is the successor to the Merom core and Intel's 45 nm version of their mobile series of Pentium microprocessors. The FSB is increased to from 667 MHz to 800 MHz and the voltage is lowered. Intel released the first Penryn Core, the Pentium T4200, in December, 2008. In June 2009, Intel released the first single-core processor to use the Pentium name, a Consumer Ultra-Low Voltage (CULV) Penryn core called the Pentium SU2700.
In September 2009, Intel introduced the Pentium SU4000 series together with the Celeron SU2000 and Core 2 Duo SU7000 series, which are dual-core CULV processors based on Penryn-3M and using 800 MHz FSB. The Pentium SU4000 series has 2 MB L2 cache but is otherwise basically identical to the other two lines.
Nehalem microarchitecture based
The Nehalem microarchitecture was introduced in late 2008 as a successor to the Core microarchitecture, and in early 2010, a new Pentium G9650 processor based on the Clarkdale design was introduced based on the Westmere refresh of Nehalem.
| Core | Process | Clock Speeds | L2 Cache | L3 Cache | I/O Bus | Socket | Release date |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clarkdale | 32 nm | 2.8– GHz | 512 KiB | 3 MiB | DMI | Socket 1156 | January 2010 |
| Codename | Brand name | L3 Cache | Socket | TDP | Features |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clarkdale | Pentium G9xx | 3 MB | LGA 1156 | 73 W | Integrated GPU |
On January 7, 2010, Intel launched a new Pentium model using the Clarkdale chip in parallel with other desktop and mobile CPUs based on their new Westmere microarchitecture. The first model in this series is the Pentium G9650. The Clarkdale chip is also used in the Core i3-5xx and Core i5-6xx series and features a 32 nm process (as it is based on the Westmere microarchitecture), integrated memory controller and 45 nm graphics controller and a third-level cache. In the Pentium series, some features of Clarkdale are disabled. Compared to Core i3, it lacks Hyper-Threading and the graphics controller in the Pentium runs at 533 MHz, while in the Core i3 i3-5xx series they run at 733 MHz. Dual Video Decode that enables Blu-ray picture-in picture hardware acceleration is disabled as well as Deep Color and xvYCC support. The memory controller in the Pentium supports DDR3-1066 max and the Core i3 i3-5xx series supports DDR3-1333 max. The L3 cache is also 1 MB less than in the Core i3-5xx series.
Pentium compatible Intel processors
Families of compatible processors made by Intel but not using the Pentium trademark:
- Celeron, the low-end version
- Core, the mainstream version including Core 2 and Core i7, now placed above Pentium
- Xeon, the high-end version, used in servers and workstations
- A100 (discontinued), an ultra-mobile version of Pentium M
- EP80579, A system-on-a-chip based on Pentium M
- Atom, current ultra-mobile processors
Most of these processors share the core design with one of the Pentium processor lines, usually differing in the amount of CPU cache, power efficiency or other features. The notable exception is the Atom line, which is an independent design.
Origins of Pentium trademark
The original Pentium branded CPUs were expected to be named 586 or i586, to follow the naming convention of previous generations (286, i386, i486). However, Intel was unable to persuade the court of law to allow them to trademark numbers (such as "i486"), in order to prevent their competitors from branding their processors with similar names, as AMD had done with their Am486. (The "586" number was later used by AMD, Cyrix and NexGen in their respective 5k86, 5x86 and Nx586 CPU brand names).
Intel enlisted the help of Lexicon Branding to create a brand that could be trademarked. The name 'Pentium', was derived from the Greek pente ( 'πέντε' ), meaning 'five', and the Latin ending -ium for neutral nouns. The Pentium brand was very successful, and has been maintained through several generations of processors, from the Pentium Pro to the Pentium Extreme Edition and further. Although not used for marketing purposes, Pentium series processors are still given numerical product codes, starting with 80500 for the original Pentium chip.
Current use of the trademark
The Core, introduced in early 2006, was the first Intel mainstream brand for mobile CPUs which did not contain the Pentium trademark. It replaced the Pentium M brand. With the 2006 introduction of the "upper" Core 2 brand, there was no plan to use the Pentium trademark anymore, but "Intel developed the Pentium Dual-Core at the request of laptop manufacturers".[4] In 2007, the Pentium Dual-Core brand (of dual-core mainstream processors) revived the "Pentium" trademark.[5] So, the brand containing Pentium trademark lost its "upper" position and became "mainstream" between the Core 2 and Celeron. The Pentium Dual-Core brand referred to laptop CPUs previously branded as the Core, and newer desktop ones with 1 MB of cache, which 2 MB-cache "cousins" were branded as the Core 2. In 2008, the Pentium brand was to replace the Pentium Dual-Core.[6] The Intel website is currently showing "Pentium" rather than "Pentium Dual-Core".
See also
- List of Intel Pentium microprocessors
- List of Intel Pentium Dual-Core microprocessors
- Pentium Bug, a well-publicized flaw in the original processor
- Performance Rating, informally referred to as Pentium Rating
- "It's All About the Pentiums", a song by "Weird Al" Yankovic
References
- ^ "Microprocessor Quick Reference Guide". Intel. Retrieved 2007-08-14.
- ^ a b "Microprocessor Hall of Fame". Intel. Retrieved 2007-08-11.
- ^ "Slogans/Model Numbers/Taglines". Not Just Patents LLC. Retrieved 2009-11-28.
- ^ a b Brown, Rich (23 April 2008). "The multicore era is upon us: How we got here – Where we stand today". CNET Asia. Retrieved 2009-04-18.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|coauthors=ignored (|author=suggested) (help) - ^ a b Shilov, Anton. "Intel Readies Pentium E2000-Series Processors". X-bit labs. Retrieved 2007-08-15.
- ^ a b "Intel to unify product naming scheme". TG Daily. Retrieved 2007-08-15.
- ^ Names of processors