Cystofilobasidium macerans (sap yeast) is a basidiomycete species of yeast-forming fungi in the genus Cystofilobasidium in the family Cystofilobasidiaceae.

Taxonomy and Phylogeny

MariahKRogers/Cystofilobasidium macerans
	Sap Yeast (Cystofilobasidium macerans) fungi growing on sap oozing from a tree were a woodpecker tapped, April 14 2021
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Fungi
Division:	Basidiomycota
Class:	Tremellomycetes
Order:	Cystofilobasidiales
Family:	Cystofilobasidiaceae
Genus:	Cystofilobasidium
Species:	C. macerans
Binomial name
	Cystofilobasidium macerans; (1956 Fred.) Samp.

Cystofilobasidium macerans was established as a species in the genus Rhodotorula under the name Rhodotorula macerans by Freder in 1956. (citation: Rhodotorula macerans Freder., Friesia 5(3-5): 237 (1956), https://www.speciesfungorum.org/GSD/GSDspecies.asp?RecordID=517356)

In 1970 it was moved into the genus Cryptococcus, becoming Cryptococcus macerans^[1] (citation:(Cryptococcus macerans (Freder.) Phaff & Fell, in Lodder, Yeasts, a taxonomic study, 2nd Edn (Amsterdam): 1127 (1970), https://www.speciesfungorum.org/GSD/GSDspecies.asp?RecordID=517356)

Following changes to the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants, the practice of giving different names to teleomorph and anamorph forms of the same fungus was discontinued, meaning that Cystofilobasidiella became a synonym of the earlier name Cryptococcus for certain species.

It was most recently moved into its current genus, Cystofilobasidum, in 2009 following ??? study. Citation: J.P. Samp., in Libkind, Gadanho, Broock & Sampaio, Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 59(3): 627 (2009), https://www.speciesfungorum.org/GSD/GSDspecies.asp?RecordID=517356

The genus Cystofilobasidium currently contains eight other species worldwide, nine species if including Cystofilobasidium macerans.^[2]^[3]

https://www.microbiologyresearch.org/content/journal/ijsem/10.1099/00207713-49-2-907 <- establishment of the order

Etymology

"Cystofilobasidium" is composed of the root parts:

"Cysto-" - relating to any cyst or sac from the Ancient Greek, κύστη (kústē)^[4]
"filo" - referring to thread-like forms, as filo is the dative or ablative singular of fīlum in Latin^[5]
"-basidium" - referring to the mycological structure, basidium, a microscopic spore-producing structure found on the hymenophore of reproductive bodies of basidiomycete fungi. The word basidium literally means "little pedestal" or "little base" in Latinized Greek^[6]

Cystofilobasidium was named after the already described genus Filobasidium and the other, related genus Filobasidella.

Biology

Cellular Biology

Like other members of its genus, Cystofilobasidium macerans occurs as yeasts (single-celled fungus microorganisms), but also produces filamentous sexual states that form dikaryote teliospores, from which the unicellular basidia (if present) are formed. The hyphae usually have dolipore septa without a parenthesome, and their cell walls contain xylose.^[7]

Molecular Biology

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11696-021-01567-1

Genetics

Reproduction

https://run.unl.pt/handle/10362/69915

Known Range

https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/2/2/798

Ecology

Interaction with Bees

https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/full/10.1098/rsos.201805

Assorted Resources to Use

https://www.mycobank.org/Simple%20names%20search http://www.indexfungorum.org/names/NamesRecord.asp?RecordID=517356 https://www.speciesfungorum.org/GSD/GSDspecies.asp?RecordID=517356 http://www.indexfungorum.org/names/NamesRecord.asp?RecordID=312346 http://www.indexfungorum.org/names/NamesRecord.asp?RecordID=305279 http://boldsystems.org/index.php/Taxbrowser_Taxonpage?taxon=Cystofilobasidium%20macerans https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ebisearch/search?db=allebi&query=Cystofilobasidium%20macerans&requestFrom=ebi_index&submit=%20FIND%20 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore?cmd=Search&dopt=DocSum&db=nucleotide&term=Cystofilobasidium+AND+macerans https://eol.org/search?q=Cystofilobasidium%20macerans https://www.gbif.org/search?q=Cystofilobasidium%20macerans https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=Scientific_Name&search_value=Cystofilobasidium%20macerans&search_kingdom=Fungal&search_span=exactly_for&categories=All&source=html&search_credRating=All https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/search?q=Cystofilobasidium%20macerans https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore?cmd=Search&dopt=DocSum&db=nucleotide&term=Cystofilobasidium+AND+macerans https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?cmd=Search&dopt=DocSum&term=Cystofilobasidium+AND+macerans https://scholar.google.com/scholar?start=10&q=Cystofilobasidium+macerans+&hl=en&as_sdt=0,50 https://run.unl.pt/handle/10362/69915 https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/full/10.1098/rsos.201805 https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/2/2/798 https://www.microbiologyresearch.org/content/journal/ijsem/10.1099/00207713-49-2-907 https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11696-021-01567-1

Gallery

External Links

Genome sequences for samples of Cystofilobasidium macerans on the NIH National Library of Medicine website: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/datasets/taxonomy/89926/

References

^ Cryptococcus macerans (Freder.) Phaff & Fell, in Lodder, Yeasts, a taxonomic study, 2nd Edn (Amsterdam): 1127 (1970)
^ Liu XZ, Wang QM, Göker M, Groenewald M, Kachalkin AV, Lumbsch HT, Millanes AM, Wedin M, Yurkov AM, Boekhout T, Bai FY (2015). "Towards an integrated phylogenetic classification of the Tremellomycetes". Studies in Mycology. 81: 85–147. doi:10.1016/j.simyco.2015.12.001. PMC 4777781. PMID 26955199.
^ Zhu HY, Wei XY, Liu XZ, Bai FY (2023). "Cystofilobasidium josepaulonis sp. nov., a novel basidiomycetous yeast species". Int J Syst Evol Microbiol. 73 (5). doi:10.1099/ijsem.0.005865.
^ https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/cysto-
^ https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/filo#Latin
^ https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/basidium
^ Fell, Jack W.; Roeijmans, Henri; Boekhout, T. (1999). "Cystofilobasidiales, a new order of basidiomycetous yeasts" (PDF). International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology. 49 (2): 903–913. doi:10.1099/00207713-49-2-907. PMID 10319517.

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[1] Cryptococcus macerans (Freder.) Phaff & Fell, in Lodder, Yeasts, a taxonomic study, 2nd Edn (Amsterdam): 1127 (1970)

[Liu2015-2] Liu XZ, Wang QM, Göker M, Groenewald M, Kachalkin AV, Lumbsch HT, Millanes AM, Wedin M, Yurkov AM, Boekhout T, Bai FY (2015). "Towards an integrated phylogenetic classification of the Tremellomycetes". Studies in Mycology. 81: 85–147. doi:10.1016/j.simyco.2015.12.001. PMC 4777781. PMID 26955199.

[Zhu2023-3] Zhu HY, Wei XY, Liu XZ, Bai FY (2023). "Cystofilobasidium josepaulonis sp. nov., a novel basidiomycetous yeast species". Int J Syst Evol Microbiol. 73 (5). doi:10.1099/ijsem.0.005865.

[4] ttps://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/cysto-

[5] ttps://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/filo#Latin

[6] ttps://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/basidium

[Fell1999-7] Fell, Jack W.; Roeijmans, Henri; Boekhout, T. (1999). "Cystofilobasidiales, a new order of basidiomycetous yeasts" (PDF). International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology. 49 (2): 903–913. doi:10.1099/00207713-49-2-907. PMID 10319517.

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