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Rosalía de Castro

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Rosalía de Castro
BornMaría Rosalía Rita de Castro
(1837-02-24)24 February 1837
Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
Died15 July 1885(1885-07-15) (aged 48)
Padrón, Galicia, Spain
OccupationPoet
LanguageGalician, Spanish
NationalitySpanish
PeriodRomanticism
Literary movementRexurdimento
SpouseManuel Murguía
Signature

María Rosalía Rita de Castro (Galician pronunciation: [rosaˈli.a ðe ˈkastɾo]; 24 February 1837 – 15 July 1885), was a Spanish romanticist writer and poet.

Writing in the Galician language, after the Séculos Escuros (lit. Dark Centuries), she became an important figure of the Galician romantic movement, known today as the Rexurdimento ("renaissance"), along with Manuel Curros Enríquez and Eduardo Pondal. Her poetry is marked by saudade, an almost ineffable combination of nostalgia, longing and melancholy.

She married Manuel Murguía, member of the Galician Academy, historian, journalist and editor of Rosalía's books. The couple had seven children: Alexandra (1859–1937), Aura (1868–1942), twins Gala (1871–1964) and Ovidio (1871–1900), Amara (1873–1921), Adriano (1875–1876) and Valentina (stillborn, 1877). The only two that married were Aura in 1897 and Gala in 1922; neither they nor their siblings left any children, and thus there are no living descendants of Rosalía de Castro and her husband. Their son Ovidio was a good painter, but his early death cut his career short.

The date she published her first collection of poetry in Galician, Cantares gallegos [gl] ("Galician Songs"), 17 May 1863, is commemorated every year as the Día das Letras Galegas ("Galician Literature Day"), an official holiday of the Autonomous Community of Galicia, and has been dedicated to an important writer in the Galician language since 1963.

Relative poverty and sadness marked her life, although she had a strong sense of commitment to the poor and to the defenseless. She was a strong opponent of abuse of authority and defender of women's rights. She suffered from uterine cancer and died of this illness.

She is buried in the Panteón de Galegos Ilustres, a pantheon (mausoleum) in the Convent of San Domingos de Bonaval at Santiago.

Legacy

Statue of Rosalía de Castro at Padrón.

Rosalia de Castro is today the unquestioned poet laureate of Galicia (Spain). Highly educated, expected to speak and write Spanish only, she took the bold, unconventional step of writing her early poems in the Galician language. Her defiance earned her the contempt and spite of that segment of the population for whom Galician was a dialect fit only for the illiterate and the churlish; but Rosalía's gallant gesture won her the love and admiration of the rest. Schools in Galicia,[1] in Spain,[2] in Russia[3] and in Uruguay, libraries,[4] cultural associations,[5][6][7] awards,[8] parks, folklore groups,[9][10][11] choirs,[12][13] compositions of her poems,[14][15] a Galician traditional morning song adorned with the lyrics of one of her poems,[16][17][18] a professional sports team,[19] monuments at home[20][21][22] and abroad,[23][24][25][26] a theater,[27] restaurants,[28][29][30] a label of white wine,[31] lodgings,[32][33][34] a banknote formerly in circulation,[35] a postage stamp,[36] a FS98 Iberia Airbus A340,[37] a sea-rescue plane,[38] a school train[39] and many streets[40][41][42] have all taken her name.

International translations

In the English-speaking world, Small Stations Press published Rosalía de Castro's Galician Songs in an *Erín Moure translation in 2013 [1]; the Moure translation of de Castro's New Leaves is in press with Small Stations and scheduled to appear in September, 2016. Edwin Mellen Press published in 2010 "the most thorough and representative volume of poetry and prose from Rosalia de Castro (1837–1885) ever translated into English."[43] In 2007 Shearsman Books presented a paperback of selected poems translated by Michael Smith.[44] In 2004 Louis J. Rodrigues gave in the literary magazine Babel a translation and analysis of two Rosalian poems, Nasín cando as prantas nasen and Negra Sombra.[45] In 1991 State University of New York Press launched an English anthology edited and translated by Anna-Marie Aldaz, Barbara N. Gantt and Anne C. Bromley.[46] In 1977 Kathleen Kulp-Hill translated several Galician poems as part of her work entitled "Rosalía de Castro";[47] this book is still available from AllBookstores.com.[48] In 1964 the Spanish Ministry of Foreign Affairs published a selection of Galician poems translated into English by Charles David Ley;[49] this book may be found in Spanish Rare Books libraries.[50]

In Japan the first volume of Rosalian poetry was translated in 2009 by Takekazu Asaka[51] and is available from DTP Publishing (Tokyo). In the nineteen-nineties Katsuyo Ohata wrote two articles in the journal "The Review of Inquiry and Research" of Kansai Gaidai University (Osaka, Japan) on the Galician poet: "El inconsciente creativo de Rosalía de Castro"[52] and "En las orillas del Sar: El mundo íntimo de Rosalía de Castro."

In the Portuguese-speaking world Editoria Crisálida in 2008 published an anthology of Rosalia's Galician poems translated by Andityas Soares de Moura.[53] There is a statue in her honor on Galicia's Square in the city of Porto, Portugal, by the sculptor Barata Feyo (September 1954).

In the French-speaking world Folle Avoine in 2003 offered a French anthology of Galician poems translated by Jose-Carlos Gonzalez.[54]

Recognition

At the present time, the name Rosalía de Castro has been designated to several institutions, public spaces, and consumer goods, showing the social influence this poet has had. For example, it's possible to find educational centers named after the writer in the Autonomous Community of Galicia and other regions of Spain, as well as Russia, Venezuela (Teatro Rosalía de Castro) or Uruguay. Furthermore, there are numerous parks, plazas and streets, cultural associations, prizes granted to people that are intimately linked with the Galician and Spanish languages, libraries, folk groups, choirs, and even a wine with the name Rías Baixas. It also seems interesting that a plane from the airline Iberia, as well as an aircraft belonging to the Maritime Safety and Rescue Society (Salvamento Marítimo), have been given the name of Rosalía de Castro. Obviously, there are many monuments (primarily commemorative plaques and sculptures) dedicated to her figure in diverse countries of the world.

On 23 October 1979 the last of the 500 peseta bills was printed, being that in 1987, this bill was to be substituted by a coin of the same value. The bill was distinct because on the obverse side, the portrait of Rosalía de Castro was displayed, made by Pablo Sampedro Moledo, and on the reverse side was represented the House/Museum of Rosalía located in Padrón and a few handwritten verses from Rosalía de Castro's work Follas novas. With the printing of this bill, Rosalía de Castro became, along with Isabella I of Castile, the only female (not allegorical) to be placed on the obverse side of a Spanish bill.[55][56]

Works

1884 (J. Palmeiro).[57]

Each year links to its corresponding year-in-poetry article or year-in-literature article:

In Galician

Poetry
Prose
  • Contos da miña terra I (1864)

In Spanish

Poetry
  • La Flor (1857)
  • A mi madre (1863)
  • En las orillas del Sar (1884)
Prose
Bust of Rosalía. Paseo de los Poetas, El Rosedal, Parque Tres de Febrero, Buenos Aires.
  • La hija del mar (1859)
  • Flavio (1861)
  • El cadiceño (1863)
  • Ruinas (1866)
  • Las literatas (1866)
  • El caballero de las botas azules (1867)
  • El primer loco (1881)
  • El domingo de Ramos (1881)
  • Padrón y las inundaciones (1881)

Settings in music

References

  1. ^ Rosalia de Castro School Association. Vigo.
  2. ^ Rosalia de Castro Public School. Majadahonda (Madrid).
  3. ^ Rosalia de Castro High School no. 1558 on YouTube. Chukotsky Proezd 6, 129327 Moscow.
  4. ^ Rosalia de Castro Library. Vilagarcia de Arousa (A Coruña).
  5. ^ Rosalia de Castro Cultural Association. Cacheiras (A Coruña).
  6. ^ Rosalia de Castro Cultural Centre on YouTube. Ciudad de Buenos Aires (Argentina).
  7. ^ Rosalia de Castro Cultural Society on YouTube. Havana (Cuba).
  8. ^ Premio Rosalía de Castro para María Esther Vázquez. Revista Archivos del Sur.
  9. ^ Agrupación Rosalía de Castro on YouTube. Centro Gallego de Madrid.
  10. ^ Agrupación Folclórica Rosalía de Castro de Padrón on YouTube.
  11. ^ Cuban Grupo Folclórico Rosalía de Castro performing in Pobra do Caramiñal on YouTube.
  12. ^ Coral Rosalía de Castro de Pontevedra on YouTube.
  13. ^ Coral Rosalía de Castro de El Palmar (Murcia).
  14. ^ Amancio Prada, 1998: "Rosas a Rosalía." Fonomusic.
  15. ^ Gary Bachlund, composer: "Dos Canciones de Rosalía de Castro."
  16. ^ Morning song "Rosalia de Castro" (traditional vocal); excerpt offered on Teemix—Un site auFeminin.com Network.
  17. ^ Abe Rábade, Guadí Galego and Anxo Angueira. Morning song "Rosalía de Castro" (jazz) on YouTube; track 10 of the 2008 album "Rosalía 21."
  18. ^ Carlos Núñez, Fernanda Takai and Alê Siqueira. Morning song "Rosalía de Castro" (fusion) on YouTube; track 1 of the 2009 album "Alborada do Brasil."
  19. ^ Rosalia de Castro Basketball Team. Santiago de Compostela.
  20. ^ Rosalia de Castro statue. Padron (A Coruña).
  21. ^ Monument to Rosalia de Castro on YouTube. Alameda. Santiago de Compostela.
  22. ^ Rosalia de Castro statue. Ferrol (A Coruña).
  23. ^ Monument to Rosalia de Castro. Praça da Galiza. Oporto (Portugal).
  24. ^ Rosalia de Castro bust on YouTube. Buenos Aires (Argentina).
  25. ^ Rosalia de Castro bust. Parque Independencia. Rosario (Argentina).
  26. ^ Rosalia de Castro bust on YouTube. La Rambla. Montevideo (Uruguay).
  27. ^ Teatro Rosalía de Castro on YouTube. A Coruña.
  28. ^ Restaurante Rosalia de Castro. Vigo.
  29. ^ Bar Restaurante Rosalia de Castro. Cornellà de Llobregat (Barcelona).
  30. ^ Restaurante "Rosalia de Castro". Berne (Switzerland).
  31. ^ Rosalia de Castro Albariño. Sociedad Cooperativa Vitivinícola Arousana.
  32. ^ Hotel Rosalia. Padrón (A Coruña).
  33. ^ Hotel Rosalia de Castro. Poio (Pontevedra).
  34. ^ Hotel Gastronómico Casa Rosalia on YouTube. Os Ánxeles (A Coruña).
  35. ^ Banknote with the portrait of Rosalia de Castro. Delcampe International.
  36. ^ Postage stamp with the portrait of Rosalia de Castro. Sociedad Filatélica de Madrid.
  37. ^ FS98 Iberia Airbus A340 Rosalía de Castro. Airliners. Net.
  38. ^ CN-235 de Salvamento Marítimo sobre la Ría de Vigo on YouTube.
  39. ^ School train Rosalia de Castro on YouTube.
  40. ^ Pensión Residencia Puente de los Santos. Avenida de Rosalía de Castro nº 18 bis. Ribadeo (Lugo).
  41. ^ Commemorative plaque to Rosalia de Castro. Calle Rosalía de Castro. Gijón (Asturias). Escultura Urbana.
  42. ^ Street sign in Braga (Portugal). Braguinha Blog.
  43. ^ John P. Dever and Aileen Dever: "The Poetry and Prose of Rosalía de Castro: A Bilingual Facing Page Edition." Lewiston, NY: Edwin Mellen Press. 2010.
  44. ^ Rosalia de Castro and Michael Smith: "Rosalía de Castro: Selected Poems." Exeter, UK: Shearsman Books. 2007.
  45. ^ Louis J. Rodrigues, 2004: "Rosalía de Castro's Galician poems: Nasín Cand... and Negra Sombra." Babel, 50, No. 1, pp. 60–75.
  46. ^ Rosalia de Castro, Anna-Marie Aldaz, Barbara N. Gantt and Anne C. Bromley: "Poems by Rosalía de Castro." Albany, New York: State University of New York Press. 1991.
  47. ^ Kathleen Kulp-Hill: "Rosalía de Castro." Boston: Twayne Publishers. 1977.
  48. ^ AllBookstores.com: "34 titles listed under subject: "Castro, Rosalia De 1837–1885."
  49. ^ Rosalía de Castro and Charles David Ley: "Poems of Rosalía de Castro." Madrid: Ministry of Foreign Affairs. 1964.
  50. ^ Librería Anticuaria "José Manuel Valdés" (Oviedo, Spain).
  51. ^ Professor Takekazu Asaka talks about his learning of the Galician language and his translation to Japanese of Cantares Gallegos. In O Galego do Xapón on YouTube.
  52. ^ Katsuyo Ohata, 1992: "El inconsciente creativo de Rosalía de Castro." The Review of Inquiry and Research. Kansai Gaidai University.
  53. ^ Rosalia de Castro and Andityas Soares de Moura "A rosa dos claustros: poesia galega (bilíngue)". Belo Horizonte, Brazil: Editora Crisálida. 2008.
  54. ^ Rosalia de Castro and Jose-Carlos Gonzalez: "Anthologie poétique. Edition bilingue français-galicien." Bédée, France: Folle Avoine. 2003.
  55. ^ "Breve historia de la Peseta (Icónografia)" (PDF). Real Casa de la Moneda. Retrieved 3 December 2016.
  56. ^ "Banco de España – Banknotes and coins – General public – Peseta banknotes and coins". www.bde.es. Retrieved 2016-12-03.
  57. ^ Carballo, R. (1981) [1963]. Historia da Literatura Galega Contemporánea. Galaxia. pp. 143–234. ISBN 84-7154-391-5. {{cite book}}: templatestyles stripmarker in |author= at position 1 (help)CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  58. ^ Fernando J. Cabañas Alamán Antón García Abril – Sonidos en Libertad 1993 p56

Bibliography

  • Actas do Congreso Internacional de Estudios sobre Rosalía de Castro e o seu tempo, v. 1, v. 2, v. 3 (1986). CCG. USC Template:Gl.
  • Alonso Girgado, Luís (1994). Rosalía de Castro, rosa de sombra (in Spanish). Ediciones Torremozas. ISBN 84-7839-141-X. {{cite book}}: templatestyles stripmarker in |author= at position 1 (help)CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  • Alvarellos, Enrique (1993). Mulleres destacadas de Galicia (in Galician). Alvarellos Editora. pp. 62–64. ISBN 84-85311-96-5. {{cite book}}: templatestyles stripmarker in |author= at position 1 (help)CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  • Álvarez Ruiz de Ojeda, V. (1988). Rosalía de Castro para nenos (in Galician). Madrid: Ediciones de la Torre. ISBN 84-86587-26-3. {{cite book}}: templatestyles stripmarker in |author= at position 1 (help)CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  • —————— (1997). "Un importante documento para a biografía de Rosalía de Castro". Grial (in Galician) (136): 479–501. {{cite journal}}: templatestyles stripmarker in |author= at position 1 (help)CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  • —————— (1999). "Sobre as orixes de Rosalía de Castro: a inclusa de Santiago de Compostela e o caso de Josefa Laureana de Castro". A Trabe de Ouro (in Galician) (39). {{cite journal}}: templatestyles stripmarker in |author= at position 1 (help)CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  • Blas, Ceferino de (2013). Rosalía de Castro y Faro de Vigo en el 150 aniversario de Cantares Gallegos (in Spanish). ISBN 978-84-616-5429-1. {{cite book}}: templatestyles stripmarker in |author= at position 1 (help)CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  • Bouza-Brey, Fermín (1992). Estudios rosalianos (PDF). Xunta de Galicia. ISBN 84-453-0434-8. {{cite book}}: templatestyles stripmarker in |author= at position 1 (help)CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) (2nd part)
  • Briesemeister, Dietrich (1959). Die Dichtung der Rosalía de Castro (in German). München: A. Bergmiller & Co. {{cite book}}: templatestyles stripmarker in |author= at position 1 (help)CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  • Carballo, R. (1975) [1963]. "IV". Historia da Literatura Galega Contemporánea (in Galician). Galaxia. pp. 143–234. ISBN 84-7154-227-7. {{cite book}}: templatestyles stripmarker in |author= at position 1 (help)CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  • Davies, Catherine (1987). Rosalía de Castro no seu tempo (in Galician). Editorial Galaxia. ISBN 84-7154-583-7. {{cite book}}: templatestyles stripmarker in |author= at position 1 (help)CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  • —————— (1990). Rosalía de Castro e Follas Novas (in Galician). Editorial Galaxia. ISBN 84-7154-725-2. {{cite book}}: templatestyles stripmarker in |author= at position 1 (help)CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  • Fernández del Riego, Franciso (1971) [1951]. Historia da literatura galega (2ª ed.). Vigo: Editorial Galaxia. pp. 95–101. {{cite book}}: templatestyles stripmarker in |first= at position 1 (help); templatestyles stripmarker in |last= at position 1 (help)CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  • Filgueira Valverde, J. (1974). Con Rosalía de Castro en su hogar (in bilingual). Patronato Rosalía de Castro. {{cite book}}: templatestyles stripmarker in |author= at position 1 (help)CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  • Henri Poullain, Claude (1989). Rosalía de Castro e a súa obra literaria (in Galician). Galaxia. ISBN 84-7154-687-6. {{cite book}}: templatestyles stripmarker in |author= at position 1 (help)CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  • March, Kathleen (2005). "Castro, Rosalía de". Gran Enciclopedia Galega Silverio Cañada (in Galician). ISBN 84-87804-88-8. {{cite book}}: templatestyles stripmarker in |author= at position 1 (help)CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  • Marco, Aurora (2007). Dicionario de Mulleres Galegas (in Galician). A Nosa Terra. pp. 99–103. ISBN 978-84-8341-146-9. {{cite book}}: templatestyles stripmarker in |author= at position 1 (help)CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  • Mayoral, Marina (1974). La poesía de Rosalía de Castro (in Spanish). Madrid: Gredos. ISBN 84-249-0571-7. {{cite book}}: templatestyles stripmarker in |author= at position 1 (help)CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  • Murguía, M. (1886). Los Precursores (in Spanish). A Coruña: Latorre y Martínez editores. Imprenta de La Voz de Galicia. {{cite book}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in: |publisher= (help); templatestyles stripmarker in |author= at position 1 (help)CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  • Pereira Bueno, Fernando (2014). Rosalía de Castro: Imaxe e realidade (in Galician). Xerais. ISBN 978-84-9914-565-5. {{cite book}}: templatestyles stripmarker in |author= at position 1 (help)CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  • Pimentel, Pascoaes, Carballo, G.-Sabell, Prado, F. de la Vega, Piñeiro, Rof and Lorenzana (1952). 7 ensayos sobre Rosalía. Galaxia. {{cite book}}: templatestyles stripmarker in |author= at position 1 (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  • Rodríguez Sánchez, Francisco (2011). Rosalía de Castro, estranxeira na súa patria (a persoa e a obra de onte a hoxe) (in Galician). AS-PG. ISBN 978-84-89679-99-3. {{cite book}}: templatestyles stripmarker in |author= at position 1 (help)CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  • Vilavedra, Dolores, ed. (1995). Diccionario da Literatura Galega (in Galician). Vol. I. Galaxia. pp. 127–130. ISBN 84-8288-019-5. {{cite book}}: templatestyles stripmarker in |editor-first= at position 1 (help); templatestyles stripmarker in |editor-last= at position 1 (help)CS1 maint: numeric names: editors list (link)
  • ——————, ed. (1997). Diccionario da Literatura Galega (in Galician). Vol. II. Galaxia. ISBN 84-8288-137-X. {{cite book}}: templatestyles stripmarker in |editor-first= at position 1 (help); templatestyles stripmarker in |editor-last= at position 1 (help)CS1 maint: numeric names: editors list (link)
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