1905 Norwegian union dissolution referendum

1905 Norwegian union dissolution referendum

13 August 1905 (1905-08-13)
Do you approve the "ratified dissolution of the Union"?
Results
Choice Votes % Yes 368,208 99.95% No 184 0.05% Valid votes 368,392 99.05% Invalid or blank votes 3,519 0.95% Total votes 371,911 100.00% Registered voters/turnout 435,376 85.42%

Post card urging people to vote yes to the dissolution of the Union.

A referendum on dissolving the union with Sweden was held in Norway on 13 August 1905. Dissolving the union, which had been in place since 1814, was approved by almost 100% of voters, with just 184 voting against the proposal out of over 371,000 votes cast.

Background

On 27 May 1905 the Storting passed a bill supported by the government of Christian Michelsen calling for the establishment of separate Norwegian consulates. Under the terms of the union, Norway and Sweden shared a common foreign policy. King Oscar II vetoed the bill. Rather than countersign it as the king demanded, the government resigned. Oscar refused to accept the resignations, claiming he could not form a replacement government.

On 7 June the Storting declared the union dissolved because Oscar had effectively abandoned his functions as King of Norway by failing to appoint a new government. The Swedish government was prepared to dissolve the union, provided the Norwegian people agreed to it in a referendum.

The question presented to the voters (only men had suffrage in Norway at the time) was whether they approved of the "already completed dissolution of the union" ("den stedfundne Opløsning af Unionen"). The wording was carefully considered to clarify that the Storting considered the union out of force even if the Swedish government insisted it could be dissolved only upon mutual consent.

The Storting announced the referendum on 27 July, anticipating the Swedish demands, thereby avoiding the appearance that it was scheduled in response to Stockholm's demands.

Although women did not have a vote, Norwegian suffragists started a campaign to collect signatures in favour of the dissolution and presented 244,765 signatures in favour of the dissolution within two weeks.

Results

Choice		Votes	%
For		368,208	99.95
Against		184	0.05
Total		368,392	100.00
Valid votes		368,392	99.05
Invalid/blank votes		3,519	0.95
Total votes		371,911	100.00
Registered voters/turnout		435,376	85.42
Source: Nohlen & Stöver

Aftermath

The referendum was followed by negotiations in Karlstad. The two countries reached an agreement on 23 September, which was approved by the Norwegian and Swedish parliaments on 9 October and 13 October, respectively. Oscar gave up all claims to the Norwegian throne on 26 October. In November, Prince Carl of Denmark was elected as Norway's first independent king in over five centuries, assuming the throne as Haakon VII.

See also

• Dissolution of the union between Norway and Sweden
• 1905 Norwegian monarchy referendum