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1920 Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes Constitutional Assembly election

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1920 Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes Constitutional Assembly election
28 November 1920 (1920-11-28) 1923 →
All 419 seats in the Constituent Assembly
210 seats needed for a majority
  First party Second party
 
Leader Ljubomir Davidović Nikola Pašić
Party DS NRS
Seats won 92 91
Popular vote 319,448 284,575
Percentage 19.88% 17.71%
  Third party Fourth party
 
Leader Filip Filipović &
Sima Marković 		Stjepan Radić
Party KPJ HSS
Seats won 58 50
Popular vote 198,736 230,590
Percentage 12.37% 14.35%
Prime Minister before election

Ljubomir Davidović
DS

Elected Prime
Minister

Ljubomir Davidović
DS

Constitutional Assembly elections were held in the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes on 28 November 1920. The Democratic Party emerged as the largest faction, winning 92 of the 419 seats.[1] Deputies are elected by secret ballot, in a direct manner, by the electoral quotient system. The 1920 elections were the first democratic elections in the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes. Shortly after the election, the Communist Party of Yugoslavia was banned by the authorities starting with the Obznana.

Background

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Up until the elections a Provisional Assembly had existed of unelected delegates from each of the constituent regions of the country.

Province Seats in
Provisional
Assembly 		Seats in
Constitutional
Assembly
Bosnia and Herzegovina 42 63
Croatia-Slavonia 62 93
Dalmatia 12 11
Istria 4 N/A
Montenegro 12 10
Northern Serbia 84 103
Southern Serbia 24 55
Slovenia 32 40
Vojvodina 24 44
Total 296 419

Electoral districts

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The electoral districts corresponded to administrative divisions of the constitutive lands which came together to form the Kingdom in late 1918. There were 56 in total:

Province No. of electoral districts Districts
Bosnia and Herzegovina 6 Banja Luka, Bihać, Mostar, Sarajevo, Travnik, Tuzla
Croatia-Slavonia 9 Bjelovar-Križevci, Lika-Krbava, Modruš-Rijeka, Požega, Syrmia, Varaždin (with Međimurje), Virovitica, Zagreb, City of Zagreb
Dalmatia 2 Dubrovnik-Kotor-Split, Šibenik-Zadar
Montenegro 1 Montenegro (single district)
Northern Serbia 18 Belgrade, City of Belgrade, Čačak, Kragujevac, Krajina, Kruševac, Morava, Niš, Pirot, Podrinje, Požarevac, Rudnik, Smederevo, Timok, Toplica, Užice, Valjevo, Vranje
Southern Serbia 12 Berane-Bijelo Polje-Pljevlja-Prijepolje, Bitola, Bregalnica, Kosovo, Kumanovo, Metohija, Ohrid, Prizren, Raška-Zvečan, Skopje, Tetovo, Tikveš
Slovenia 3 Celje-Maribor, Ljubljana-Novo Mesto, City of Ljubljana
Vojvodina 5 Veliki Bečkerek-Velika Kikinda, Novi Sad, Pančevo-Bela Crkva, Sombor, Subotica
Total 56

Parties

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Election campaign of Communist Party in 1920.

There were a total of 22 party lists and one independent list.

  • Croatian Husbandmen's Party (Hrvatska težačka stranka, HTS) - Croatian nationalist political party in Bosnia and Herzegovina formed in 1919.[2] Its leader Jozo Sunarić had been a leading member of the Croat People's Union in the former Diet of Bosnia.
  • Croatian Popular Party (Hrvatska pučka stranka, HPS) - Political party formed in 1919 associated with the Croatian Catholic movement.[2] It ran candidates in districts in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia-Slavonia, Dalmatia, and Vojvodina.
  • Independent Agrarian Party (Samostojna kmetijska stranka, SKS) - Slovenian anti-clerical political party founded in June 1919 in Ljubljana.
  • People's Radical Party (Narodna radikalna stranka, NRS) - Formed in Serbia in 1881, the People's Radical Party had formed the government of the Kingdom of Serbia since 1909 and its party leader Nikola Pašić became the first prime minister of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes in 1918. Džemijet entered a coalition with the People's Radical Party and won six deputies.
  • Yugoslav Democratic Party (Jugoslovenska demokratska stranka, JDS) - Formed by former members of the Croat-Serb Coalition in Austria-Hungary led by Croatian Serb Svetozar Pribićević and opposition politicians in Serbia led by Ljubomir Davidović in February 1919. The party advocated a centralized state and the abolishment of regional autonomy.[2]

Results

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PartyVotes%Seats
Democratic Party319,44819.8892
People's Radical Party284,57517.7191
Croatian Popular Peasant Party230,59014.3550
Communist Party198,73612.3758
Agrarian Alliance–Independent Agrarian Party151,6039.4339
Yugoslav Muslim Organization110,8956.9024
Slovene People's Party58,9713.6714
Bunjevac-Šokac Party–Croatian Popular Party list52,3333.2613
Social Democratic Party46,7922.9110
Croatian Husbandmen's Party38,4002.397
Džemijet30,0291.878
Croatian Union25,8671.614
Republican Party18,1361.133
Croatian Party of Rights10,8800.682
Ante Trumbić6,5810.411
People's Socialist Party6,1860.382
Liberal Party5,0610.311
Others12,1180.750
Total1,607,201100.00419
Registered voters/turnout2,480,623–
Source: Nohlen et al.

References

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  1. ^ Dieter Nohlen, Dolf Sternberger, Bernhard Vogel, Klaus Landfried (1969) Die Wahl der Parlamente und andere Staatsorgane, Walter de Gruyter, p783
  2. ^ a b c Donia, Robert J. (2006). Sarajevo: A Biography. University of Michigan Press. p. 136. ISBN 978-0-4721-1557-0.
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