LUZP2
| LUZP2 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Identifiers | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Aliases | LUZP2, KFSP2566, PRO6246, leucine zipper protein 2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| External IDs | OMIM: 608178; MGI: 1889615; HomoloGene: 45618; GeneCards: LUZP2; OMA:LUZP2 - orthologs | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Leucine zipper protein 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the LUZP2 gene.[5] There are no orthologs in invertebrates, but many in vertebrates. It is a transcription factor found in eukaryotes.
Gene
[edit]The LUZP2 gene is found on the short arm of chromosome 11 at position 11p14.3.[6] It is located on the plus strand.[6]
The gene contains 23 introns, and can produce 11 alternatively spliced mRNAs.[7]
Protein structure
[edit]LUZP2 encodes a leucine zipper protein that is 346 amino acids in length, and has a molecular weight of around 39 kDa.[8] This protein is secreted, and is found mostly expressed within the brain and spinal cord.[9]
The protein contains a signal peptide, 3 glycosylation sites, a leucine zipper region, and a disordered region.[8]
Leucine zipper
[edit]The leucine zipper motif is located on positions 164-192 of the protein, and contains 4 conserved lysine and 4 conserved leucine residues. Leucine zippers usually facilitate protein-protein interactions and contain many amphipathic helices that form a left-handed dimeric coiled-coil structure. They also often contain leucine residues spaced 7 amino acids apart.
Clinical findings
[edit] | This section needs more reliable medical references for verification or relies too heavily on primary sources. (December 2024) |  |
Based on a data mining study investigating low-grade Gliomas, LUZP2 downregulation was found to be associated with higher-grade tumors, suggesting that LUZP2 expression decreased as tumors became more aggressive. Low LUZP2 expression was also associated with worse overall survival in patients with Low grade gliomas across multiple cohorts.[10]
This gene has also been found deleted in some patients with Wilms tumor-aniridia-ganomalies-mental retardation (WAGR) syndrome.[11]
Evolution
[edit]LUZP2 has no known paralogs, but has many orthologs in vertebrates. It is highly conserved in mammals, birds, and reptiles.[12]
LUZP2 is expected to have first appeared in cartilaginous fish around 462 million years ago, and is evolving at an intermediate rate, slower than fibrinogen alpha, but faster than cytochrome c.
| LUZP2 | Genus and Species | Common Name | Taxonomic Order | Median Date of Divergence (MYA) | Accession # | Sequence Length (aa) | Sequence Identity to Human Protein (%) | Sequence Similarity to Human Protein (%) |
| Mammals | Homo sapiens | Human | Primates | 0 | NP_001009909.2 | 346 | 100.0 | 100.0 |
| Mesocricetus auratus | Golden hamster | Rodentia | 87 | XP_040589238.1 | 345 | 83.2 | 89.6 | |
| Ursus arctos | Brown bear | Carnivora | 94 | XP_048073596.2 | 347 | 80.2 | 89.1 | |
| Dromiciops gliroides | Colocolo opossum | Marsupialia | 160 | XP_043829349.1 | 345 | 70.9 | 79.8 | |
| Ornithorhynchus anatinus | Platypus | Monotremata | 180 | XP_028914921.1 | 347 | 70.4 | 80.2 | |
| Birds | Cygnus olor | Mute swan | Anseriformes | 319 | XP_040415405.1 | 343 | 67.1 | 76.6 |
| Gallus gallus | Red junglefowl | Galliformes | 319 | NP_001186450.1 | 344 | 66.2 | 74.9 | |
| Falco cherrug | Saker falcon | Falconiformes | 319 | XP_027654513.1 | 314 | 66.2 | 74.3 | |
| Corvus brachyrhynchos | American crow | Passeriformes | 319 | XP_017581874.1 | 352 | 65.8 | 73.7 | |
| Reptiles | Dermochelys coriacea | Leatherback sea turtle | Testudines | 319 | XP_038262088.1 | 343 | 66.6 | 75.2 |
| Notechis scutatus | Mainland tiger snake | Squamta | 319 | XP_026520543.1 | 336 | 63.2 | 72.2 | |
| Varanus komodoensis | Komodo dragon | Squamata | 319 | XP_044282044.1 | 364 | 59.8 | 71.0 | |
| Alligator mississippiensis | American alligator | Crocodilia | 319 | XP_019332548.2 | 425 | 55.9 | 62.9 | |
| Amphibians | Rhinatrema bivittatum | Two-lined caecilian | Gymnophiona | 352 | XP_029438260.1 | 342 | 62.2 | 74.9 |
| Xenopus laevis | African clawed frog | Anura | 352 | XP_018113009.1 | 344 | 60.6 | 72.1 | |
| Pleurodeles waltl | Iberian ribbed newt | Urodela | 352 | XP_069078053.1 | 348 | 59.7 | 71.4 | |
| Fishes | Protopterus annectens | West african lungfish | Ceratodontiformes | 408 | XP_043939274.1 | 349 | 54.7 | 67.6 |
| Periophthalmus magnuspinnatus | Mudskipper | Gobiiformes | 429 | XP_033847668.1 | 347 | 46.6 | 59.6 | |
| Danio rerio | Zebrafish | Cypriniformes | 429 | NP_001108187.1 | 346 | 49.3 | 60.3 | |
| Amblyraja radiata | Thorny skate | Rajiformes | 462 | XP_032894536.1 | 306 | 43.0 | 57.9 | |
| Carcharodon carcharias | Great white shark | Lamniformes | 462 | XP_041052683.1 | 307 | 48.2 | 61.0 |
References
[edit]- ^ a b c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000187398 – Ensembl, May 2017
- ^ a b c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000063297 – Ensembl, May 2017
- ^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
- ^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
- ^ "UniProt". www.uniprot.org. Retrieved 2024-12-04.
- ^ a b "Homo sapiens leucine zipper protein 2 (LUZP2), transcript variant 1, mRNA". National Library of Medicine. 2024-06-08.
- ^ "AceView: Gene:LUZP2, a comprehensive annotation of human, mouse and worm genes with mRNAs or ESTsAceView". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2024-10-12.
- ^ a b "leucine zipper protein 2 isoform 1 precursor [Homo sapiens] - Protein - NCBI". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2024-10-12.
- ^ "UniProt". www.uniprot.org. Retrieved 2024-10-12.
- ^ Li, Yong; Deng, Gang; Qi, Yangzhi; Zhang, Huikai; Jiang, Hongxiang; Geng, Rongxin; Ye, Zhang; Liu, Baohui; Chen, Qianxue (2020-07-10). "Downregulation of LUZP2 Is Correlated with Poor Prognosis of Low-Grade Glioma". BioMed Research International. 2020: 1–16. doi:10.1155/2020/9716720. ISSN 2314-6133. PMC 7368956. PMID 32695826.
- ^ Wu, Min; Michaud, Edward J.; Johnson, Dabney K. (2003-05-01). "Cloning, functional study and comparative mapping of Luzp2 to mouse Chromosome 7 and human Chromosome 11p13–11p14". Mammalian Genome. 14 (5): 323–334. doi:10.1007/s00335-002-2248-6. ISSN 1432-1777. PMID 12856284.
- ^ "LUZP2 orthologs". NCBI. Retrieved 2024-10-13.
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