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List of fastest computers

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This is a historical list of fastest computers and includes computers and supercomputers which were considered the fastest in the world at the time they were built.

Year Country of site Site Vendor / builder Computer Performance[a] R
1938  Germany Personal research and development
Berlin, Germany 		Konrad Zuse Z1 1.00 IPS [1]
1940 Z2 1.25 IPS [2]
1941 Z3 20.00 IPS [3]
1944  United Kingdom Bletchley Park Tommy Flowers and his team,
Post Office Research Station 		Colossus 5.00 kIPS [4]
1945  United States University of Pennsylvania Moore School of Electrical Engineering ENIAC 5.00 kIPS [5]
1951 Massachusetts Institute of Technology MIT Servomechanisms Laboratory Whirlwind I 20.00 kIPS [6]
1958 McGuire Air Force Base IBM AN/FSQ-7 75.00 kIPS [7]
1960  United States Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory 7090 229.00 kIPS [8]
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory Remington Rand's UNIVAC LARC 250.00 kIPS [9]
1961  United States Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory IBM 7030 Stretch 1.20 MIPS [10]
1962  United Kingdom University of Manchester University of Manchester,
Ferranti International, and Plessey Co. 		Atlas 1.00 MFLOPS [11]
1964  United States Lawrence Livermore and Los Alamos CDC 6600 3.00 MFLOPS [12]
1969 Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory 7600 36.00 MFLOPS [13]
1974 STAR-100 100.00 MFLOPS [14]
1976 Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory Cray Cray-1 160.00 MFLOPS [15]
1980  United Kingdom Meteorological Office, Bracknell CDC Cyber 205 400.00 MFLOPS [16]
1983  United States National Security Agency Cray X-MP/4 713.00 MFLOPS* [17]
1985  United States Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory Cray Cray-2 1.41 GFLOPS* [18]
1988 NASA Ames Research Center Y-MP/832 2.14 GFLOPS* [17]
1990  Japan Fuji Heavy Industries Fujitsu VP2600/10 4.00 GFLOPS* [19]
1992  Canada Atmospheric Environment Service NEC SX-3/44 20.00 GFLOPS* [20]
1993  United States Los Alamos National Laboratory Thinking Machines CM-5/1024 59.70 GFLOPS* [21]
 Japan National Aerospace Laboratory of Japan Fujitsu Numerical Wind Tunnel 124.20 GFLOPS* [22]
1994  United States Sandia National Laboratories Intel Paragon XP/S 140 143.40 GFLOPS* [23]
 Japan National Aerospace Laboratory of Japan Fujitsu Numerical Wind Tunnel 170.00 GFLOPS* [22]
1996 University of Tokyo Hitachi SR2201 232.40 GFLOPS* [24]
University of Tsukuba CP-PACS 368.20 GFLOPS* [25]
1997  United States Sandia National Laboratories Intel ASCI Red 1.06 TFLOPS* [26]
2000 Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory IBM ASCI White 4.93 TFLOPS* [27]
2001 7.20 TFLOPS*
2002  Japan JAMSTEC Earth Simulator Center NEC Earth Simulator 35.86 TFLOPS* [28]
2004  United States Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory IBM Blue Gene/L 70.72 TFLOPS* [29]
2005 136.80 TFLOPS*
280.60 TFLOPS*
2007 478.20 TFLOPS*
2008  United States Los Alamos National Laboratory IBM Roadrunner 1.02 PFLOPS* [30]
1.10 PFLOPS*
2009 Oak Ridge National Laboratory Cray Jaguar 1.75 PFLOPS* [31]
2010  China National Supercomputing Center of Tianjin National University of Defense Technology Tianhe-1A 2.57 PFLOPS* [32]
2011  Japan RIKEN Advanced Institute for Computational Science Fujitsu K computer 10.51 PFLOPS* [33]
2012  United States Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory IBM Sequoia (Blue Gene/Q) 16.32 PFLOPS* [34]
Oak Ridge National Laboratory Cray Titan 17.59 PFLOPS* [35]
2013  China National Supercomputing Center of Guangzhou National University of Defense Technology Tianhe-2 33.86 PFLOPS* [36]
2016 National Supercomputing Center of Wuxi NRCPC Sunway TaihuLight 93.01 PFLOPS* [37]
2018  United States Oak Ridge National Laboratory IBM Summit 122.30 PFLOPS* [38]
2019 148.60 PFLOPS* [39]
2020  Japan RIKEN Center for Computational Science Fujitsu Fugaku 415.53 PFLOPS* [40]
442.01 PFLOPS*
2022  United States Oak Ridge National Laboratory HPE Cray Frontier 1.102 EFLOPS* [41]
2023 1.194 EFLOPS*
2024 1.206 EFLOPS*
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory El Capitan 1.742 EFLOPS* [42]

a. ^ An asterisk (*) denotes Rmax – the highest score measured using the LINPACK benchmarks suite.

See also

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References

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  1. ^ "History of Computers and Computing, Birth of the modern computer, Relays computer, Konrad Zuse". history-computer.com. Retrieved 2020-03-01.
  2. ^ "Z2". horst-zuse.hier-im-netz.de. Retrieved 2024-11-20.
  3. ^ Reinhardt, Helmut (1996). Automatisierungstechnik : theoretische und gerätetechnische Grundlagen, SPS (in German). Berlin: Springer. p. 241. ISBN 3-540-60626-2. OCLC 68764206.
  4. ^ "The Colossus Machine". cs.stanford.edu. Retrieved 2024-11-20.
  5. ^ Koerner, Brendan I. (2014-11-25). "How the World's First Computer Was Rescued From the Scrap Heap". Wired. Retrieved 2020-02-28.
  6. ^ Everett, R. R. (1951). "The Whirlwind I computer". Papers and Discussions Presented at the December 10–12, 1951, Joint AIEE-IRE Computer Conference: Review of Electronic Digital Computers. ACM: 70–74. doi:10.1145/1434770.1434781. Retrieved 2020-02-29.
  7. ^ "IBM AN/FSQ-7". old-computers.com. Retrieved 2020-02-29.
  8. ^ "IBM Archives: 7090 Data Processing System". IBM. 2003-01-23. Retrieved 2020-02-28.
  9. ^ "LARC Links". people.cs.clemson.edu. Retrieved 2020-03-01.
  10. ^ Padua, David (2011). Encyclopedia of Parallel Computing. New York: Springer. p. 406. ISBN 978-0-387-09766-4. OCLC 772461594.
  11. ^ Lavington, Simon Hugh (1975). A History of Manchester Computers (2nd ed.). Swindon: British Computer Society. ISBN 978-1-902505-01-5. OCLC 156380308.
  12. ^ Anthony, Sebastian (2012-04-10). "The history of supercomputers". ExtremeTech. Retrieved 2020-02-29.
  13. ^ Bell, Gordon (1998-01-25). "CDC 7600". Microsoft Research. Retrieved 2020-02-29.
  14. ^ LARGE COMPUTER SYSTEMS AND NEW ARCHITECTURES, T. Bloch, CERN, Geneva, Switzerland, November 1978
  15. ^ "Company History". Cray. Archived from the original on 2014-07-12. Retrieved 2020-02-29.
  16. ^ "PDS: The Performance Database Server (Linpack)". performance.netlib.org. Retrieved 2020-09-13.
  17. ^ a b "Frequently Asked Questions". TOP500.org. Retrieved 2020-02-29.
  18. ^ "CRAY-2/4-512". TOP500.org. Retrieved 2020-02-29.
  19. ^ "VP2600/10". TOP500.org. Retrieved 2021-10-19.
  20. ^ "AES Installs Worlds Fastest Supercomputer". Very Computer. 1991-10-09. Retrieved 2021-10-19.
  21. ^ "CM-5: Los Alamos National Lab". TOP500.org. Retrieved 2020-03-01.
  22. ^ a b "Numerical Wind Tunnel: National Aerospace Laboratory of Japan". TOP500.org. Retrieved 2020-03-01.
  23. ^ "Intel XP/S 140 Paragon: Sandia National Labs". TOP500.org. Retrieved 2020-03-01.
  24. ^ "Hitachi SR2201: University of Tokyo". TOP500.org. Retrieved 2020-03-01.
  25. ^ "CP-PACS: University of Tsukuba". TOP500.org. Retrieved 2020-03-01.
  26. ^ "ASCI Red: Sandia National Laboratory". TOP500.org. Retrieved 2020-03-01.
  27. ^ "ASCI White: Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory". TOP500.org. Retrieved 2020-03-01.
  28. ^ "The Earth Simulator: Earth Simulator Center". TOP500.org. Retrieved 2020-03-01.
  29. ^ "BlueGene/L: Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory". TOP500.org. Retrieved 2020-03-01.
  30. ^ "Roadrunner: Los Alamos National Laboratory". TOP500.org. Retrieved 2020-03-01.
  31. ^ "Jaguar: Oak ridge National Laboratory". TOP500.org. Retrieved 2020-03-01.
  32. ^ "Tianhe-1A: National Supercomputing Center in Tianjin". TOP500.org. Retrieved 2020-03-01.
  33. ^ "K Computer: RIKEN Advanced Institute for Computational Science". TOP500.org. Retrieved 2020-03-01.
  34. ^ "Sequoia: Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory". TOP500.org. Retrieved 2020-03-01.
  35. ^ "Titan: Oak Ridge National Laboratory". TOP500.org. Retrieved 2020-03-01.
  36. ^ "Tianhe-2 (MilkyWay-2) : National University of Defense Technology". TOP500.org. Retrieved 2020-03-01.
  37. ^ "Sunway TaihuLight: National Supercomputing Center in Wuxi". TOP500.org. Retrieved 2020-03-01.
  38. ^ "Summit: DOE/SC/Oak Ridge National Laboratory". TOP500.org. Retrieved 2020-03-01.
  39. ^ "Summit - IBM Power System AC922, IBM POWER9 22C 3.07GHz, NVIDIA Volta GV100, Dual-rail Mellanox EDR Infiniband". TOP500.org. Retrieved 2020-02-29.
  40. ^ "Supercomputer Fugaku - Supercomputer Fugaku, A64FX 48C 2.2GHz, Tofu interconnect D". TOP500.org. Retrieved 2020-11-16.
  41. ^ "Frontier - HPE Cray EX235a, AMD Optimized 3rd Generation EPYC 64C 2GHz, AMD Instinct MI250X, Slingshot-11". TOP500.org. Retrieved 2024-01-07.
  42. ^ "El Capitan - HPE Cray EX255a, AMD 4th Gen EPYC 24C 1.8GHz, AMD Instinct MI300A, Slingshot-11, TOSS". TOP500.org. Retrieved 2024-11-19.
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