List of judges of the Constitutional Court of Russia
| Judge of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation | |
|---|---|
| Судья Конституционного Суда Российской Федерации (Russian) | |
 Coat of Arms of Russia | |
| Constitutional Court of Russia | |
| Style | Honorable Court, Honorable Judge |
| Status | Judge |
| Member of | Judiciary of Russia |
| Seat | Saint Petersburg |
| Nominator | President of Russia |
| Appointer | Federation Council |
| Term length | Mandatory retirement at age 70 for regular judges and at age 76 for Deputy President of the Court |
| Constituting instrument | Constitution of Russia Federal Constitutional Law "On the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation" |
| Formation | 12 July 1991 |
| Website | Official english website |
The Constitutional Court of Russia is one of two highest courts in court system of the Russian Federation. It is composed of eleven Judges of the Constitutional Court (Russian: Судьи Конституционного Суда), with one of them being the 'President of the Court' (Russian: Председатель Конституционного Суда) and one being Deputy President of the Court (Russian: Заместитель Председателя Конституционного Суда). The exact number of the Judges of the Constitutional Court is determined by article 125 of the Constitution of Russia.
By article 9 of the Federal Constitutional Law "On the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation", the Federation Council shall consider the question of the appointment of the Judge of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation in no event later than fourteen days after the receipt of the submission of the President of the Russian Federation.[1] Proposals regarding candidates for offices of Judges of the Constitutional Court may be introduced to the President by Senators and by deputies of the State Duma, as well as by legislative bodies of federal subjects of Russia, supreme judicial bodies and federal legal departments, all-Russia law associations, legal research and educational institutions.
According to article 8 of the Federal Constitutional Law "On the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation", in order to become a Judge of the Constitutional Court a person must be a citizen of Russia, at least 40 years of age, have legal education, have served as a lawyer for at least 15 years and have "recognized high qualification" in law.
Term length and number of judges
[edit]
The rules for the term of office of a judge of the Constitutional Court have differed in various versions of the Constitutional Court Law.
The RSFSR Law "On the Constitutional Court of the RSFSR" settled the number of 15 judges, all appointed by the Congress of People's Deputies of Russia without an exact tenure, but with an age limit of 65. The law mentioned positions of Court President, Deputy President, and Judge-Secretary.
The 1993 Constitution of Russia originally settled 19 judges of the Constitutional Court, all appointed by the Federation Council with President's nomination. Between 1993 and 1994, the legislation did not include any specific term length beside the age limit.
The first version of the Federal Constitutional Law "On the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation", approved in 1994, determined the term length to be 12 years, and age limit to be 70. The judges would elect Court President, Deputy President, and Judge-Secretary from among themselves, for a term of 3 years (renewable).
The 2001 amendments increased the term length from 12 to 15 years and completely dismissed the age limit. In the end of the same year, the age limit of 70 was restored.
In 2005, the tenure length was dismissed.
In 2009, the position of Judge-Secretary was dismissed, and position of the second Deputy President was established. The new term of office for all judges was then 6 years long.
Since 2010, the President of the Constitutional Court has been exempted from the age limit of 70.
Since 2018, the age limit for the Deputy President of the Constitutional Court has been increased to 76 years old.
The 2020 amendments to the Constitution of Russia decreased the number of judges from 19 to 11 and abolished the position of the second Deputy President of the Court.
Current Judges
[edit]Below table is list of current Judges of the Constitutional Court of Russia.[2]
| Name | Tenure / Current Length | Nominated by | Previous service before court appointment |
Education |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Valery Zorkin (b. 1943) President |
October 29, 1991 / 33 years, 27 days | Congress of People's Deputies of Russia | Professor of Constitutional Law at the Higher Correspondence School of Law of the Ministry of Internal Affairs (1986–1991) | Moscow State University, Institute of State and Law |
| Sergey Mavrin (b. 1951) Deputy President |
February 25, 2005 / 19 years, 274 days | Vladimir Putin | Head of Labour Law Department of the Saint Petersburg State University (1992–2005) | Saint Petersburg State University |
| Lyudmila Zharkova (b. 1955) |
June 11, 1997 / 27 years, 167 days | Boris Yeltsin | Judge of the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Karelia (1994–1997) | Saint Petersburg State University, RANEPA |
| Sergey Kazantsev (b. 1955) |
March 29, 2002 / 22 years, 241 days | Vladimir Putin | Associate Professor of Legal Theory and History at the Saint Petersburg State University (1995–2002) | Saint Petersburg State University |
| Larisa Krasavchikova (b. 1955) |
February 12, 2003 / 21 years, 287 days | Vladimir Putin | Professor of Civil Law at the Ural State Law University (1995–2003) | Ural State Law University |
| Nikolay Melnikov (b. 1955) |
February 25, 2005 / 19 years, 274 days | Vladimir Putin | Prosecutor of the Republic of Sakha (2003–2005) | Rostov State University |
| Sergey Knyazev (b. 1959) |
October 15, 2008 / 16 years, 41 days | Dmitry Medvedev | Chair of the Election Commission of Primorsky Krai (1995–2008) | Far Eastern State University, Saint Petersburg State University |
| Alexander Kokotov (b. 1961) |
March 3, 2010 / 14 years, 267 days | Dmitry Medvedev | Head of Constitutional Law Department of the Ural State Law University (1998–2010) | Ural State Law University |
| Andrey Bushev (b. 1966) |
June 8, 2022 / 2 years, 170 days | Vladimir Putin | Associate Professor of Commercial Law at the Saint Petersburg State University (since 2000), arbitrator of the International Commercial Arbitration Court at the Chamber of Commerce and Industry (2000–2022) | Saint Petersburg State University, University of East Anglia |
| Vladimir Sivitsky (b. 1974) |
June 21, 2023 / 1 year, 157 days | Vladimir Putin | Head of the Constitutional and Administrative Law Department of the HSE campus in Saint Petersburg (2008–2023), Head of the Secretariat of the Constitutional Court (2015–2023) | Moscow State University |
| Mikhail Lobov (b. 1971) |
September 25, 2023 / 1 year, 61 days | Vladimir Putin | Judge of the European Court of Human Rights (2022) | MGIMO, University of Strasbourg, Columbia University |
Former Judges
[edit]| Name | Tenure | Nominated by | Previous service before court appointment |
Education |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ernest Ametistov (1934–1998) |
30 October 1991 – 7 September 1998 (6 years, 312 days) | Congress of People's Deputies of Russia | Leading research fellow at the All-Union Scientific Research Institute of Soviet Legislation (1976–1991) | Moscow State University |
| Vladimir Oleynik (1936–1999) |
30 October 1991 – 17 February 1999 (7 years, 110 days) | Congress of People's Deputies of Russia | Member of the Congress of People's Deputies of the Soviet Union (1990–1991) | Perm State University |
| Nikolay Vedernikov (b. 1934) |
30 October 1991 – 16 February 2000 (8 years, 109 days) | Congress of People's Deputies of Russia | Member of the Congress of People's Deputies of the Soviet Union (1990–1991) | Tomsk State University |
| Tamara Morshchakova (b. 1936) Deputy President in 1995–2002 |
30 October 1991 – 29 March 2002 (10 years, 150 days) | Congress of People's Deputies of Russia | Chief research fellow at the All-Union Scientific Research Institute of Soviet Legislation (1985–1991) | Moscow State University, Institute of State and Law |
| Oleg Tiunov (1937–2017) |
30 October 1991 – 12 February 2003 (11 years, 105 days) | Congress of People's Deputies of Russia | Member of the Congress of People's Deputies of the Soviet Union (1990–1991) | Perm State University |
| Nikolay Vitruk (1937–2012) Deputy President in 1991–1995, Acting President in 1993–1995 |
30 October 1991 – 12 February 2003 (11 years, 105 days) | Congress of People's Deputies of Russia | Head of the Public Law Disciplines Department at the Higher Correspondence School of Law of the Ministry of Internal Affairs (1984–1991) | Tomsk State University |
| Viktor Luchin (1939–2021) |
30 October 1991 – 25 February 2005 (13 years, 118 days) | Congress of People's Deputies of Russia | Associate Professor of State-Building and Legal Policy at the Russian Social Political Institute (1989–1991) | Voronezh State University |
| Boris Ebzeyev (b. 1950) |
30 October 1991 – 4 September 2008 (16 years, 310 days) | Congress of People's Deputies of Russia | Professor of Constitutional Law at the Saratov State Academy of Law (1989–1991) | Saratov State Academy of Law |
| Anatoly Kononov (1947–2022) |
30 October 1991 – 1 January 2010 (18 years, 63 days) | Congress of People's Deputies of Russia | Member of the Supreme Soviet of Russia (1990–1991) | Moscow State University |
| Nikolay Seleznev (1945–2021) Judge-Secretary in 1998–2001 |
30 October 1991 – 31 May 2015 (23 years, 213 days) | Congress of People's Deputies of Russia | Member of the Supreme Soviet of Russia (1990–1991) | Yaroslavl State University |
| Yury Rudkin (b. 1951) Judge-Secretary in 1991–1998 |
30 October 1991 – 30 November 2021 (30 years, 31 days) | Congress of People's Deputies of Russia | Prosecutor of Kemerovo Oblast (1986–1991) | Ural State Law University |
| Gadis Gadzhiev (b. 1953) |
30 October 1991 – 31 August 2023 (31 years, 305 days) | Congress of People's Deputies of Russia | Member of the Supreme Soviet of the Dagestan ASSR (1990–1991) | Moscow State University |
| Vladimir Tumanov (1926–2011) President in 1995–1997 |
25 October 1994 – 11 June 1997 (2 years, 259 days) | Boris Yeltsin | Member of the State Duma (1993–1994) | Institute of Foreign Trade |
| Olga Khokhryakova (1949–2019) Deputy President in 2008–2019 |
25 October 1994 – 31 July 2019 (24 years, 279 days) | Boris Yeltsin | Research fellow at the Institute of Legislation and Comparative Law under the Government of Russia (1976–1994) | Ural State Law University |
| Vladimir Yaroslavtsev (b. 1952) |
25 October 1994 – 31 March 2022 (27 years, 157 days) | Boris Yeltsin | Judge of the Saint Petersburg City Court (1985–1994) | Saint Petersburg State University |
| Yury Danilov (b. 1950) Judge-Secretary in 2001–2009 |
15 November 1994 – 31 August 2020 (25 years, 290 days) | Boris Yeltsin | Deputy Chair of the State Antimonopoly Committee (1993–1994) | Voronezh State University |
| Vladimir Strekozov (1940–2017) Deputy President in 2002–2008 |
6 December 1994 – 6 July 2010 (15 years, 212 days) | Boris Yeltsin | Professor of Constitutional Law at the Military Academy of Economics, Finance, and Law (1993–1994) | Lenin Military-Political Academy |
| Marat Baglai (1931–2024) President in 1997–2003 |
7 February 1995 – 21 February 2003 (8 years, 14 days) | Boris Yeltsin | Professor of Constitutional Law at the Moscow State Institute of International Relations (1977–1995) | Rostov State University |
| Anatoly Sliva (b. 1940) |
14 October 1998 – 18 March 2010 (11 years, 155 days) | Boris Yeltsin | Presidential Plenipotentiary Representative to the Federation Council (1996–1998) | Moscow State University |
| Gennady Zhilin (b. 1946) |
18 May 1999 – 31 August 2016 (17 years, 105 days) | Boris Yeltsin | Judge of the Supreme Court of Russia (1989–1999) | Ural State Law University |
| Nikolay Bondar (b. 1950) |
16 February 2000 – 31 October 2020 (20 years, 258 days) | Vladimir Putin | Dean of the Institute of Law and Management of Rostov State University (1997–2000) | Rostov State University |
| Mikhail Kleandrov (b. 1946) |
12 February 2003 – 31 August 2016 (13 years, 201 days) | Vladimir Putin | Chief Judge of the Court of Arbitration of Tyumen Oblast (1995–2003) | Tajik State University |
| Konstantin Aranovsky (b. 1964) |
3 March 2010 – 27 September 2022 (12 years, 208 days) | Dmitry Medvedev | Chair of the Election Commission of Primorsky Krai (2008–2010) | Far Eastern State University, Saint Petersburg State University |
| Alexander Boytsov (b. 1950) |
14 July 2010 – 30 September 2020 (10 years, 78 days) | Dmitry Medvedev | Professor of Criminal Law at the Saint Petersburg State University (1999–2010) | Saint Petersburg State University |
See also
[edit]- Judiciary of Russia
- Constitutional Court of Russia
- President of the Constitutional Court of Russia
- Lists of supreme court justices
Notes and references
[edit]- ^ "Federal Constitutional Law "On the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation"" (PDF). Constitutional Court of Russia. Retrieved 2024-06-09.
- ^ "Judges". Constitutional Court of Russia. Retrieved 2024-06-09.