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Shanghai Metro DC01

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Shanghai Metro 01A01/01A02
DC01A/DC01B/DC01C
A train of 01A02 approaching Lianhua Road station in February 2018
Stock typeClass A EMU
In service28 May 1993-present
ManufacturerAdtranz and Siemens Mobility
CSR Zhuzhou Locomotive
Built atHamburg, Germany
Zhuzhou, China
Constructed1992-1994
2007-2009
Entered service28 May 1993
Refurbished01A02: 2024–2025 by CRRC Zhuzhou Locomotive
Retired01A01: Started from 2023 (older 92113: 2004)
Number built129
Number in service01A01: 0
(9 cars retired, 72 cars out of service, 8 cars in training service)
01A02: 24
(16 cars undergoing refurbishment)
Number preserved1
Successor01A08 (01A01)[1]
FormationTc-Mp-M-Mp+M-Mp-M-Tc
Fleet numbers92011-92241, 93011-93481, 94011-94241, 014352-014643, 14652 and 14663
Capacity310 per car
OperatorsShentong Metro Group
DepotsMeilong Depot
Fujin Road Yard
Lines served 1 
Specifications
Car body constructionAluminum alloy
Car length23.54 m (77 ft 3 in)
Width3 m (9 ft 10 in)
Height3.8 m (12 ft 6 in)
DoorsPneumatic doors
Electric doors (01A02)
Maximum speed80 km/h (50 mph)
Traction systemAEG GTO chopper
Post-expansion: Zhuzhou CSR Times Electric TGN-51 IGBT-VVVF
Traction motorsAEG CUS 5668 H DC motor
Post-expansion: Zhuzhou CSR Times Electric JD-118A 3-phase AC induction motor
AccelerationMaximum 4.0 km/(h⋅s) (2.485 mph/s)
Deceleration3.6 km/(h⋅s) (2.237 mph/s) (service)
4.7 km/(h⋅s) (2.920 mph/s) (emergency)
Electric system(s)1,500 V DC
Current collector(s)Single-arm Pantograph
BogiesSiemens Mobility SF2100[2]
CSR Zhuzhou Locomotive ZMA-080 (01A02 expansion car)
Track gauge4 ft 8+1⁄2 in (1,435 mm)

The 01A01 and the 01A02 train (formerly known as DC01) are current rolling stocks used on the Line 1 of Shanghai Metro.[3] They are built by Adtranz and Siemens Mobility, with first delivery in 1992. These cars are numbered 92011–92241, 93011-93481, 94011-94241, 014352-014643, 14652 and 14663 (Set 101–116).

Before the delivery of AC02 and AC03, DC01 trains were also assigned to the services of Line 2 and Line 3.[4]

Features

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DC01 trains have livery in red and white. 01A01s' door indicators are LEDs instead of halogen lamps. The five-color indicators and grid lampshades are retained after expansion. All carriages have installed red LED scrolling displays to show the next station.[5]

01A02's carriage lampshades are white plastic boards instead of grids. The original destination blinds are changed into LED displays. All pneumatic doors converted into electric doors. Five-color indicators are removed and all carriages have installed yellow LED scrolling displays to show the next station.[6]

In the summer of 2006, after poor cooling affected 16 DC01 trains, high temperatures inside the carriages had long been a problem, 96 ice cubes have been put into a one-meter-high container to alleviate the high temperature of the 96 carriages. In order to make up for the defects in the refrigeration power and design of carriage, emergency measures must be taken whenever the temperature reaches 33 °C (91 °F) or more. With the transformation between 2006 and 2008 from 6 cars to 8 cars, the air conditioners were improved and modernized, making ice containers a thing of the past.[7][8]

Formation

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DC01 has three types of carriages: Tc (Trailer car with driving cab), Mp (car with motors and pantograph) and M (car with motors only). All trains are formed as 8 carriages: Tc-Mp-M-Mp+M-Mp-M-Tc.[9]

Original sets

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The initial contract included 96 carriages (16 sets), as the expected ridership of Line 1 in 1990s and 2000s only required 6-cars sets.This requirement also applied to two subsequent contracts, AC01 and AC04. Trains were formed as Tc-Mp-M+Mp-M-Tc.[10]

Expansion

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By 2006, ridership on Line 1 had increased significantly. In order to increase the capacity, CSR Zhuzhou Locomotive expanded DC01 trains in 2007. 10 trains (101, 103-110 and 114) each expanded 2 additional cars. They are from another 5 trains (111-113 and 115–116). During the expansion, all carriages' traction systems were changed from GTO chopper to IGBT-VVVF. Motors have also changed from DC to AC. Afterwards, these trains renamed DC01B.[10]

Set 102 was taken out of service due to the 2004 Tonghe Xincun station crash. After replacing car 92113 and changing of the traction systems and motors, set 102 renamed separately as DC01A and backed to service in September 2007.[11][12] It also needed to be expanded. Unlike DC01B, the expansion program for 102 is to order a batch of 2 new carriages (14652 and 14663).[13] This set was backed to service in May 2011.

Between 2008 and 2009, a contract for DC01 from Shentong Metro includes a third batch of 30 carriages to expand the remaining trains, 111-113 and 115–116. During the expansion, 10 original carriages (93371, 93421, 93431, 93481, 94011, 94061, 94131, 94181, 94191 and 94241) underwent an extensive renovation. After that, trains renamed DC01C.[10]

Post-expansion

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In 2014, all three types of DC01 trains renamed again. DC01A and DC01B renamed 01A01, DC01C renamed 01A02.[14]

Incidents

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Car 92113 wrecked on March 24, 2004, at the Tonghe Xincun station. 92113 was hit by car 99251. In 2007, it was stripped for removing parts, stored in the maintenance shop of Meilong Depot and replaced by the new carriage built by CSR Zhuzhou Locomotive.[12]

Withdrawal

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After the second general overhaul for 01A01 trains, numerous structural failures and cracks found in these carriages in 2016. 80 carriages needed to be re-paired to repair and maintain service. After the repairing, 8 cars (93131, 93162, 93293, 93301, 93322, 93333, 93402 and 93413) were too faulty and used as spare parts sources.[15][14]

The 01A01s' expected lifespan was 26 years old for the structural issues. After received a minor structure repairing in 2019, the expected lifespan was extended to 35 years.[16][17][18] However, since the delivery of the 01A07 trains, demand for the 01A01s drastically lowered. By middle 2020, 01A01 trains were no longer formally assigned for revenue service, becoming a reserve fleet. 16 cars (92011–92033, 92102, 93121, 93233, 93262, 93273, 93311, 93442, 93453, 94102–94121, 14652 and 14663) were taken out of service same year. 24 cars out of service in mid-2023: 92131–92241, 93071–93113, 93241, 93382, 93393, 94022, 94033, 94202 and 94213.[19]

The newer 92113, 93191–93222, 93361, 94142 and 94153 (Set 108) are the first cars to be retired in July 2023.[20] 93191's odometer shows 3,000,456 km, reached the end of its life. Therefore, Shentong Metro decommissioned 93191. It was donated to Shanghai University of Engineering Science in October 2023. 92113, 93202–93222, 93361, 94142 and 94153 are also written off and stored in Fujin Road Yard.[21]

The shortest-lasting 01A01s were in service for just 9 years, car 14652 and 14663. The newer car 92113 made its final run in April 2023, having been in service for just 12 years. Despite these cars are still able to operate and relatively newness, they never returned to service and remain in storage since ever the removal from service.

The remainder of the 32 01A01 cars are expected to be phased out by 2028 and replaced by 01A08s.[22][16]

Refurbishment

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By 2021, 01A02s were reassigned as a reserve fleet, as their original carriages were aging and considered unreliable. They have to be taken out of service intermittently to receive maintenance.

Several proposals for the disposal of 01A02s were put forward in 2023:[23]

  • Rebuild and convert into track inspection trains.
  • Decommission the entire fleet. Only keep one original carriage and preserve in Shanghai Metro Museum.
  • Order the fourth batch of 10 new carriages to replace 10 original ones.
  • Refurbish all original carriages and make expansion carriages in service for at least 29 to 30 years.

Shentong Metro chose to refurbish all 01A02s for financial consideration. Renovation includes structural repairs, extend their lifespans for an additional 14 years. Work is expected to be completed by November 2025. Trains will be removed and transported to CRRC Zhuzhou Locomotive for renovation and rebuild.[22][23] After the signalling upgrade, 01A02s will also be able to be assigned to Line 2 service again.[24]

Preservation and other uses

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See also

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References

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  1. ^ "上海市轨道交通1号线列车更新及新车采购项目招标公告". 国电投电子商务平台 (in Chinese). 2023-06-15.[permanent dead link‍]
  2. ^ "First Class Bogies" (PDF). Siemens Mobility. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2019-07-22.
  3. ^ "上海地铁车辆". 电力机车技术 (3): 18–22. 2001.
  4. ^ "这些地铁线里，藏着你不知道的浦东历史". 上观新闻 (in Chinese). 2020-04-15. Retrieved 2024-07-07.
  5. ^ "DC01型电动列车客室车门电气控制系统故障分析和改造". 城市轨道交通研究 (in Chinese). 01. 2006.
  6. ^ "上海轨道交通1号线01A02型列车ATO模式精确停车研究". 电力机车与城轨车辆 (in Chinese). 43 (06). 2020.
  7. ^ Jianhui, Wang (August 1, 2006). "上海地铁一号线列车用冰块为乘客降温(图)" (in Chinese). sina.com.cn.
  8. ^ Zhang, Haifeng (September 4, 2006). "车厢多2节 载客增3成" (in Chinese). sina.com.cn.
  9. ^ "上海轨道交通DC01型列车6改8项目车钩缓冲性能研究". 电力机车与城轨车辆 (in Chinese). 34 (06). 2011.
  10. ^ a b c "上海轨道交通1、2号线列车编组"6改8"项目的技术对策及实施效果分析". 城市轨道交通研究. 15 (3). 2012.
  11. ^ "进口地铁株洲升级 南车株机对其增能扩编(原载《长沙晚报》)" (in Chinese). hn.xinhuanet.com. 2008-06-19. Archived from the original on 2015-07-09. Retrieved 2024-06-10.
  12. ^ a b "进口A型地铁车辆在南车打上中国烙印" (in Chinese). Archived from the original on 2020-11-03. Retrieved 2024-06-10.
  13. ^ "上海地铁1号线102号列车通过科技审定". People's Railway Daily (in Chinese). 2008-11-25.
  14. ^ a b "上海地铁一号线列车车体裂纹修复项目项目单一来源公示" (in Chinese). 轨道交通供应链平台（MSCP）.[permanent dead link‍]
  15. ^ "上海地铁列车贯通道及车体裂纹修补项目单一来源公示" (in Chinese). 轨道交通供应链平台（MSCP）.[permanent dead link‍]
  16. ^ a b 孔佳麟 宗志祥 (2023). "地铁车辆铝合金车体服役寿命评估方法研究". 城市轨道交通研究 (S1).
  17. ^ "2020年上海地铁01A01、01A02、 02A01型列车车体裂纹紧急维修项目单一来源". 轨道交通供应链平台（MSCP）. Retrieved 2020-01-19.
  18. ^ "上海地铁1号线列车车体裂纹修复项目单一来源单一来源单一来源". 轨道交通供应链平台（MSCP）. Retrieved 2019-10-12.
  19. ^ "30年的满满回忆！上海地铁1号线这两辆老列车要退休了" (in Chinese). 2021-10-17.
  20. ^ "永远的"老老八"：108号车退役不退休 新时代迎接新使命" (in Chinese). 2023-10-30. Retrieved 2024-06-10.
  21. ^ a b "车辆三十年——108号车三百万公里回忆录" (in Chinese). 2023-05-18.
  22. ^ a b "市发展改革委关于上海市轨道交通1号线列车更新及新车采购工程可行性研究报告的批复". 上海市政府 (in Chinese). 2022-10-20.[permanent dead link‍]
  23. ^ a b "上海轨道交通服役到期列车延寿改造策略". 城市轨道交通研究 (in Chinese).
  24. ^ "上海市轨道交通1号线列车更新及新车采购工程信号及无线设备采购项目招标公告". 轨道交通供应链平台（MSCP） (in Chinese). 2024-08-19.
  25. ^ ""我把余生献给未来"——108号车三百万公里番外篇" (in Chinese). 2023-11-03.
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