User:Azyla.m/Comparative anatomy

Evaluation questions (02/18/22)

• Is everything in the article relevant to the article topic? Is there anything that distracted you?
• Yes everything in the article is relevant to the article
• Is the article neutral? Are there any claims, or frames, that appear heavily biased toward a particular position?
• In the article it was semi-neutral, there was an emphasis on "amazing" in the second paragraph of the history section
• Are there viewpoints that are overrepresented, or underrepresented?
• Additional information needs to be added in the concepts section. There is only a short sentence about Homoplasy.
• The concepts, "use", and introduction sections are underrepresented. The history portion is overrepresented, need more clear understanding and organization of who was involved in the comparative anatomy history.

Check a few citations.

• Are they properly formatted?
• Work on the citations that are labeled "needed", some quotations are not cited and are incomplete.
• Do the links work?
• Some citations are not accessible (unless you log in or make an account) so looking for resources that is available to ALL without additional steps
• Does the source support the claims in the article?
• Some sources are accessible but not all (need change). For the most part, most sources support the claims
• Is each fact referenced with an appropriate, reliable reference? Where does the information come from? Are these neutral sources? If biased, is that bias noted?
• Some of the resources are from a textbook or links from wiki, although we think some information is reliable and neutral
• Are there any instances of plagiarism on the page?
• We did not find any plagiarism... yet
• Is any information out of date? Is anything missing that could be added?
• We have not gone into that yet
• Check out the Talk page of the article. What kinds of conversations, if any, are going on behind the scenes about how to represent this topic?
• There was not much talked about in the talk page, very much under construction paper
• How is the article rated? Is it a part of any WikiProjects?
• How does the way Wikipedia discusses this topic differ from the way we've talked about it in class?
• Did you choose to review one of the articles on comparative anatomists that I posted or did you find your own? here is some information for you to consider:
  • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Racial_bias_on_Wikipedia
  • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Writing_about_women
  • NOTE: One of the current issues with Wikipedia is that existing pages may not be as representative as they could be. Perhaps a search like"queer paleontologists" or "black anatomists" on Google will reveal something to you.

Discussion- Sources and Plagiarism (02/25/22)

• Blog posts and press releases are considered poor sources of reliable information. Why?
• Blog posts and press releases are very biased therefore it is not a reliable information
• What are some reasons you might not want to use a company's website as the main source of information about that company?
• Uses in whether you want to seek company's opinion or information that speaks about company's views are not reliable because this is also biased and feelings are involved in this type of information
• What are some other sources that may not be appropriate?
• Social media, nonscientific articles
• What is the difference between a copyright violation and plagiarism?
• Copyright violation involves using someone's work without the owner/author's permission. Plagiarism is using someone's work without giving them credit or not citing the information used
• What are some good techniques to avoid close paraphrasing and plagiarism?
• To fully understand the material well and using your own words (like you would explain or paraphrase to someone who is in 8th grade)

Introduction (Odonnus)

Comparative anatomy is the study of similarities and differences in the anatomy of different species in order to understand the changes that have taken place during evolution from common ancestors.

Make a clear indication of what comparative anatomy is and explain more in depth about it with following resources

History (Alyza)

Would like to make a clear understanding of each scientist and contribution of "who discovered what" and those who contributed their work in relation to comparative anatomy.

• The first specifically anatomical investigation separate from a surgical or medical procedure is associated by Alcmaeon of Croton.[3] Leonardo da Vinci made notes for a planned anatomical treatise in which he intended to compare the hands of various animals including bears.[4] This first sentence under history is a little fuzzy of the introduction of history. Maybe rewording this as "Comparatative anatomy has partake in many parts of history and contributions among scientists... the first anatomical investigation..." or better introduction to this section

Natural Selection (Alyza)

• "An interesting observation made by some of these physicians was the presence of homologous structures in a wide variety of animals which included humans. These observations were later used by Darwin as he formed his theory of Natural Selection."

I believe that natural selection is a good section to have because in the past class (evolution class) learning about relationships between animals and their anatomy among ancestors is a good place to have to explain the connection in natural selection and the study Darwin has taken part of. The quotes above is a section from history

Concepts (Odonnus)

Two major concepts of comparative anatomy are:

1. Homologous structures - structures (body parts/anatomy) which are similar in different species because the species have common descent and have evolved, usually divergently, from a shared ancestor. They may or may not perform the same function. An example is the forelimb structure shared by cats and whales.
2. Analogous structures - structures similar in different organisms because, in convergent evolution, they evolved in a similar environment, rather than were inherited from a recent common ancestor. They usually serve the same or similar purposes. An example is the streamlined torpedo body shape of porpoises and sharks. So even though they evolved from different ancestors, porpoises and sharks developed analogous structures as a result of their evolution in the same aquatic environment. This is known as a homoplasy.

• Adding more concepts under this section as there is only 2 given. As we both learned in class that there are multiple concepts relating to comparative anatomy

Applications (Odonnus and Alyza)

(Uses section)

• Further information: Evidence of common descent

Comparative anatomy has long served as evidence for evolution, now joined in that role by comparative genomics; it indicates that organisms share a common ancestor.

It also assists scientists in classifying organisms based on similar characteristics of their anatomical structures. A common example of comparative anatomy is the similar bone structures in forelimbs of cats, whales, bats, and humans. All of these appendages consist of the same basic parts; yet, they serve completely different functions. The skeletal parts which form a structure used for swimming, such as a fin, would not be ideal to form a wing, which is better-suited for flight. One explanation for the forelimbs' similar composition is descent with modification. Through random mutations and natural selection, each organism's anatomical structures gradually adapted to suit their respective habitats. The rules for development of special characteristics which differ significantly from general homology were listed by Karl Ernst von Baer as the laws now named after him.

Changing the header as "applications" than uses to make it more formal. We also feel like the paragraph provided is a good indication of how scientists could use comparative anatomy to classify an organism and identify different parts of an organism and its function, but we also thought adding the information as to where you could use this (in what field comparative anatomy is used for) Tying back in the real world applications

References

Making the references more accessible for everyone because my partner and I have noticed some of the provided resources have "locks" in them are are hard to get access into unless you sign up with the website linked