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Ruins of Xiyin Village

Xiyin Village Site, located in Xia County, Yuncheng City, Shanxi Province, People's Republic of China, is a Neolithic site.The site was discovered and excavated by Li Ji and others in 1926, and this excavation is also the first modern archaeological excavation work independently presided over by the Chinese. During the War of Resistance Against Japan, the site was looted by the Japanese.After the founding of the People's Republic of China, the site was listed as a cultural relics protection unit in Shanxi Province in 1957, and was excavated again in 1994. In 1996, Xiyin Village was listed as a national key cultural relics protection unit.

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In 1926, while Li Ji and Liang Siyong were investigating ancient sites in southern Shanxi,[a] a Neolithic site was discovered in Yuxia County and subsequently led excavations of the site.This is the first Neolithic site excavated by the Chinese, and this excavation is also the first field archaeological work independently conducted by the Chinese in the sense of modern archaeology. During the War of Resistance Against Japan, the Japanese army organized manpower to steal and excavate the site. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, in 1957, Xiyin Village was listed as a cultural relics protection unit in Shanxi Province. In 1965, the provincial cultural relics protection unit logo monument was placed 92 meters north of the location excavated by Li Ji and others. In 1994, archaeologists excavated the site again, located 105 meters to 165 meters south of the Liji and others excavation site. In 1996, Xiyin Village was listed as a national key cultural relics protection unit.

Structure

Xiyin Village Site is located in the northwest of Xiyin Village, Xia County, Shanxi Province, with an existing area of 300,000 square meters, of which 600 meters are east-west and 500 meters wide. Among them, the formation discovered in 1926 was at least half-slope type of Yangshao culture and the first stage of temple bottom ditch culture, and the formation discovered in 1994 was Xiyin village culture[b], Xiwang village culture, temple bottom ditch culture and Erigang culture.

Excavated remains

Category: 1926 excavations

The first excavation yielded a total of 65 pieces of colored pottery and 31 pieces of plain surface pottery. These pieces of pottery were finally sorted out in the first phase of the temple, including a rectangular bowl, a fish-patterned pot and a string-patterned jar, and other pottery of Yangshao culture. In addition, pottery rings, pottery balls, spinning wheels, bone cones, bone needles, and flint-making tools suspected of being arrows were excavated. In addition, the excavation unearthed half a knife-cut cocoon fossil in the Yangshao culture's half-slope type stratum, which is believed to be the origin of China's silkworm industry.

Category: 1994 excavations

The second excavation found two well-preserved house sites, a kiln, a trench, and 24 ash pits in the cultural layer of Xiyin Village. The cultural layer also found in the bottom of the pot, cauldron, earthenware stove, bulging pot and other sand-clad pottery, gourd mouth bottle, pointed bottom bottle. Stone tools such as stone arrowhead, stone ball, stone knife, stone net, stone cup and other stone tools. Pottery such as pointed-bottles, clay jars, sand jars, etc. were unearthed in the third cultural layer of Xiwang Village. Temple bottom ditch 2nd cultural layer found 3 houses, 3 ash pits, urn, jar, jar, cup and other sand pottery, pot, bean, bowl and other mud pottery stone knife and stone tools. Erligang cultural layer has 1 drainage ditch, 2 ash pits, Li, basin, jar, respect, Guijie pottery.

Annotation

a.^Regarding the original purpose of Li Ji's investigation in southern Jin, there are two mainstream theories of "investigating the remains of the Xia Dynasty" and "investigating prehistoric sites".

b.^This cultural layer is considered to be the same culture as the temple's first period.