User:JasminNavarrete/sandbox

Jasmin's Sandbox: Welcome to my sandbox. I've split the page into sections in order to make the transition from section to section easier. Also, I'd like to mention that everything in the "Added on Wikipedia" section has stayed up. To my knowledge, nothing that I've posted on Wikipedia has been taken down. The dates under each section are there to state the date in which I added it onto Wikipedia. Also, I have not been in the talk section of pages very often. The person OlYeller21 did state, on the Norplant talk page, that the Norplant page needed more evidence, which I later provided so that nothing would be taken down. OlYeller21 was not pleased to know that we were working on a project because he didnt find any "relevent" evidence. Bluerasberry was curious to know if a few other people and myself were working on a school project, which someone replied to by saying that we are, indeed, working on a project. Bluerasberry was okay with us working on a project because he did not bother us again.

Ideas

The standard model of sex and gender is separated into two different sides, one being sex, and the other being gender. The side that deals with sex is viewed as a dimorphic model in which only males and females exist, no other sex is allowed. The model of gender is seen as having a binary dichotomy in which masculinity and femininity are socially constructed. The two are classified as being different because sex is determined biologically and gender is determined culturally. Sex and gender are classified as two different things because culture has morphed society’s beliefs. The difference between sex and gender is that sex doesn’t allow room for change. The standard model of sex is only male and female. Nothing can come in between because it will automatically be rejected. The standard model of gender is a bit different. The model for gender is constantly changing because as society and culture adjust to new views and ideas, so does the model of gender. The standard model of gender weighs everything on a spectrum of masculine or feminine. Though the model of gender prefers to be weighed only on masculine or feminine things, it allows for some things in the middle where as sex does not. Sex is strictly one or the other because, according to radical views, nature decided that it would be one or the other, not both. Modern scholars reject the standard dichotomy that formed between sex and gender because sex and gender aren’t two separate ideas. Sex and gender have become intertwined with each other and have been linked together. Male and female are not the only two sexes that exist anymore. In more recent years a new biological sex has emerged. This new sex, known as intersex, is breaking this standard model of sex and gender because it has become a new sex that some people are beginning to study. The dimorphic model is just male and female. Intersex is somewhere in the middle of these two sexes, and it creates a spectrum for sex, similar to the spectrum that gender has with femininity and masculinity. This biological model hid intersex babies for so long, but intersex babies have always been around.

John Money

In Fausto Sterling’s book, A question that is also raised is, “If the fetal brain were masculinized, permanently altered by exposure to testosterone, would that "cause" CAH girls to have more masculine interests and sexual desires?” Sex and gender are connected here because Money was stating that sex had nothing to do with gender, yet questions and facts were stated to say that they are very much connected because one is dependent over the other. In Fausto Sterling’s book, John Money, a John Hopkins psychologist, declared, "From the sum total of hermaphroditic evidence, the conclusion that emerges is that sexual behavior and orientation as male or female does not have an innate, instinctive basis."

Added On Wikipedia:

INTERSEX

11/19/2013 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intersex

Phall-o-Meter

Members of the Intersexual Rights Movement have designed the "phall-o-meter," a small ruler that decides the permissible range of the phallus size for males and females. In her Sexing the Body Anne Fousto-Sterling states how the "phall-o-meter" is used. "If the clitoris is "too big" to belong to a girl, doctors will want to downsize it, but in contrast to the penis, doctors have rarely used precise clitoral measurements in deciding the gender of a newborn child. Such measurements, however, do exist. Since 1980, we have known that the average clitoral size of newborn girls is 0.34 centimeters. More recent studies show that clitoral length at birth ranges from 0.2 to 0.85 centimeters." 12/2/13:According to Anne Fausto-Sterling the Phall-o-meter is a scale from one to five and is measured in centimeters. The way the meter works is by setting up the acceptable measurements. For a girl, a medically acceptable clitoris can be no bigger than one centimeter. For a boy, the penis what would be accepted must be between 2.5 centimeters and 4.5 centimeters. According to the scale, the range between one and 2.5 in unacceptable in either sexes.

Sexual Ambuguity:

12/2/13 In Anne Fausto-Sterling's Sexing the body, she gives John Money's view of intersexuality by stating,: “Intersexuality, in Money's view, resulted from fundamentally ab-normal processes. Their patients required medical treatment because they ought to have become either a male or a female. The goal of treatment was to assure proper psychosexual development by assigning the young mixed-sex child to the proper gender…” John Money declared in Anne Fausto Steling's Sexing the Body, "From the sum total of hermaphroditic evidence, the conclusion that emerges is that sexual behavior and orientation as male or female does not have an innate, instinctive basis.” This statement by Money is disproved in chapter 3 of Sexing the Body when it is stated that congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) girls tend to manufacture larger amounts of masculine hormones until birth and the production of these male hormones raises the question among scientist of whether or not the excess male hormones that a CAH girl produces has an effect on her brain development.

Management of Intersex:

12-05-13 The Intersex Society of North America indicated on their web page, that “For decades, doctors have thought it necessary to treat intersex with a concealment-centered approach, one that features downplaying intersex as much as possible, even to the point of lying to patients about their conditions. A lot of people in our culture also had no interest in hearing that sex doesn’t come in two simple flavors.” As stated by Fausto Sterling, “…doing whatever was necessary to assure that the child and his/her parents believed in the sex assignment"

Germany

12-05-13

Germany is the first European country that has allowed the "determinate" sex as an option. A report by the German Ethics Council stated that the law was passed because, "Many people who were subjected to a 'normalizing' operation in their childhood have later felt it to have been a mutilation and would never have agreed to it as adults."

NORPLANT

12-3-13/12-4-13/12-8-13 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norplant

Targeting Teenagers

Norplant was promoted to the public as the solution to teen pregnancy. Rates of contraceptive failure are significantly higher among teens than adults because of teens’ failure to comply with methods of protection. Teenagers were targeted to use Norplant because of financial issues that the mothers would have. Black teenagers were targeted the most because of the idea that “children were raising children,” as stated by Dorothy Roberts in Killing the Black Body: Race, Reproduction, and the Meaning of Liberty. They were also more associated with having children out of wedlock and a child for these teens was seen as kind of a financial escape because almost of them did not aspired to get a higher education. Most young mothers resorted to welfare to support their child before the child was five years old. Policymakers argued that Norplant would allow teenagers to get an education and pursue a career. Also, policymakers that pushed for Norplant to be used stated that it would prevent more children from being born into poverty. The policymakers stated that the government aid dependence would decrease if Norplant was given to teens. The first big city to aggressively enforce the use of Norplant was Baltimore. Baltimore targeted teenagers because the birthrate was three times higher than other states. In Baltimore, about ten percent of girls between ages 15 and 17 gave birth during 1990. 97 or 1,000 girls became young mothers and would drop out of school and struggling to raise the child in poverty. The mayor at the time, Kurt Schmoke, pushed for laws that would give teen girls more access to Norplant. Norplant was eventually given to teen girls at schools without parental consent. Programs were designed for, and performed in, predominantly black school. Laurence G. Paquin Middle School became the first school to provide Norplant to their students. Paquin Middle School had 355 female students but only 5 of them were not black. Their program started off as a pilot program and soon other urban high schools like San Fernando High School in Los Angeles and Crane High School in Chicago’s West Side adopted the program of providing Norplant to their students. Because Norplant was enforced in predominantly black school, questions of racism arose amongst Black community leaders.

Peer Reviews I've Made

Nalfonzo's Sandbox:

12/8/13 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Nalfonzo/sandbox

"By Jasmin Navarrete: Nalfonzo, You might want to consider editing the following things (Things in bold):

Biological determinism has always played a role in general opinion and public notions, which influences the concepts of race and gender.

The male testosterone hormone is, for instance, known to greatly enhance risk taking behavior; which can generate increased status in groups if successful (balanced with an equal increase in number of failures, with potential losses of status or death as result).

Feminists believe that people have gendered biases because others around them have set apart a social standard for people to follow.

Since patriarchy has been around, there is a higher chance of being taken into consideration, for it is promoted in the educational system. Particularly in the mathematical and scientific region, since it is said that boys [deletion of supposedly] have more keen spatial abilities than girls. [Made into two sentences] Girls are said to have better linguistic skills, which then contracts with the notions of different gendered brains and how there is a “relationship between intelligence and brain size” (Lewontin 143).

This slave act of colonialism, which became more of a show business exposed sexuality in a very different way than in Great Britain and France, for the body of Sarah Baartman was not your “average body.”"

JasDuran74's Sandbox:

12-08-13 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:JasDuran74/sandbox

"By Jasmin Navarrete: JasDuran74, Consider editing the following things in bold:

The restored skeleton and skull continued to arouse the interest of visitors until the remains were moved to the Musee de l’ Homme in 1937, when it was founded, and continued up until the late 1970s.

The Baartman exhibit proved to be popular until it elicited complaints from feminists who believed the exhibit was a degrading representation of women.

The statement says that we cannot understand the so called “uterine economy” without acknowledging these topics first.

 In the historical period of the 19th century, the uterus was seen as the hysterical organ in biological textbooks.

Baartman was put into the category of human curiosity and performed alongside other people who were physically abnormal according to Western standards.

Like exhibits that display animals, the ‘Hottentot Venus’ was shown as a supposed representation of her nation and race."

Peer Reviews By Others

Please Insert Edits That I Could Make To My Sandbox

"By Nalfonzo: Jasmin Navarrete, You might want to consider editing the following things (Things in bold):

• Members of the Intersexual Rights Movement have designed the "phall-o-meter," a small ruler that decides the permissible range of the phallus size for males and females. In her Sexing the Body Anne Fausto-Sterling states how the "phall-o-meter" is used. "If the clitoris is "too big" to belong to a girl, doctors will want to downsize it, but in contrast to the penis, doctors have rarely used precise clitoral measurements in deciding the gender of a newborn child. Such measurements, however, do exist. Since 1980, we have known that the average clitoral size of newborn girls is 0.34 centimeters. More recent studies show that clitoral length at birth ranges from 0.2 to 0.85 centimeters."

There wasn't much for this section, however, you might want to consider using hyperlinks. Perhaps, you can present the different views and stand points of what people think about the phall-o-meter in an objective way

• In Anne Fausto-Sterling's Sexing the body, she gives John Money's view of intersexuality by stating,: “Intersexuality, in Money's view, resulted from fundamentally ab-normal processes. Their patients required medical treatment because they ought to have become either a male or a female. The goal of treatment was to assure proper psychosexual development by assigning the young mixed-sex child to the proper gender…”

John Money declared in Anne Fausto Sterling's Sexing the Body, "From the sum total of hermaphroditic evidence, the conclusion that emerges is that sexual behavior and orientation as male or female does not have an innate, instinctive basis.” This statement by Money is disproved in chapter 3 of Sexing the Body when it is stated that congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) girls tend to manufacture larger amounts of masculine hormones until birth and the production of these male hormones raises the question among scientist of whether or not the excess male hormones that a CAH girl produces has an effect on her brain development.

Not much just use hyperlinks. Make sure you remember to proofread your contribution. You do not want to spell the author's name wrong. I suggest that you use the term Sexual Ambiguity in the contribution that you have made to this page. Your focus was more or less was John Money's view, expand a little bit more, and you'll be good!

• They were also more associated with having children out of wedlock and a child for these teens was seen as a financial escape because almost all of them did not aspire to get a higher education. Most young mothers resorted to welfare to support their child before the child was five years old. Policymakers argued that Norplant would allow teenagers to get an education and pursue a career. Also, policymakers that pushed for Norplant to be used stated that it would prevent more children from being born into poverty. The policymakers stated that the government aid dependence would decrease if Norplant was given to teens. The first big city to aggressively enforce the use of Norplant was Baltimore. The mayor at the time, Kurt Schmoke, pushed for laws that would give teen girls more access to Norplant. Norplant was eventually given to teen girls at schools without parental consent. Programs were designed for, and performed in, predominantly black school. Laurence G. Paquin Middle School became the first school to provide Norplant to their students. Paquin Middle School had 355 female students but only 5 of them were not black. Their program started off as a pilot program and soon other urban high schools like San Fernando High School in Los Angeles and Crane High School in Chicago’s West Side adopted the program of providing Norplant to their students. Because Norplant was enforced in predominantly black school, questions of racism arose amongst Black community leaders.

In the Bold and italic text make it clear who you are referring to whether teens in general or black teens. I also made a few minor edits such as getting rid of "kind of", adding all and changing aspired to aspire.

• All in all the edits that I have made to your contributions on Wikipedia was not much, for you had great use of objective wording. You really know how to have a well-constructed sentence, which will take you a long way as a Wikipedia editor! Just make sure you use hyperlinks and take into consideration the suggestions that I have made.