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User:Jnestorius/List of Elements

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This is a list of chemical elementscolor coded according to type of element.

Given is each element's element symbol, atomic number, atomic mass or most stable isotope, and group and period numbers on the periodic table.

Periodic Table of elements


Name Symbol Z Atomic mass
(g/mol) 		Group Period Etym of Symbol Melting
Point (K) 		Boiling
Point (K) 		Density
(g/cm³) 		Hardness
(Mohs') 		Color Notes
Hydrogen H 1 1.00794(7)[1][2][3] 1 1 Greek hydror 1.00794(7)[4][5][6] −258.975 °C (14.2 K) 2993K (2720°C) 0.00008988 gas colorless diatomic
Helium He 2 4.002602(2)[1][3] 18 1 Greek helios 4.002602(2)[4][6] (Does not solidify at normal pressure, even near absolute zero, but might at extreme conditions, at 0.0213K) 0.0001785 noble gas lowest boiling and melting points of any element
Lithium Li 3 6.941(2)[1][2][3][7] 1 2 Greek lithos 6.941(2)[4][5][6][8] 180.7 °C (453.9 K) 2022K (1749°C) 0.534 0.6
silvery white/gray		 used in batteries. the least dense metal
Beryllium Be 4 9.012182(3) 2 2 beryl 9.012182(3) 1,278 °C (1,551 K) 2742K (2469°C) 1.85 5.5
gray metallic		 brittle, toxic, used in lightweight alloys, e.g. spacecraft and missiles.
Boron B 5 10.811(7)[1][2][3] 13 2 borax 10.811(7)[4][5][6] 2,300 °C (2,570 K) 4200K (3927°C) 2.34 9.3
black/brown/ amorphous boron is a brown powder, metallic boron is black		 The metallic form is hard (9.3 on Mohs' scale) and a poor conductor at room temperature.
Carbon C 6 12.0107(8)[1][3] 14 2 Latin carbo 12.0107(8)[4][6] 3,675 °C (3,948 K) (graphite)
3,550 °C (3,820 K)(diamond)		 1173K (900°C) 2.267 graphite
3.513 diamond		 1-2 (graphite)
10.0 (diamond)
black (carbon)
colorless (diamond)
Nitrogen N 7 14.0067(2)[1][3] 15 2 Greek nitron 14.0067(2)[4][6] −209.86 °C (63.3 K) 5017K (4744°C) 0.0012506 gas diatomic
Oxygen O 8 15.9994(3)[1][3] 16 2 Greek oxys 15.9994(3)[4][6] −222.65 °C (50.5 K) 5285K (5012°C) 0.001429 gas diatomic
Fluorine F 9 18.9984032(5) 17 2 Latin fluo 18.9984032(5) −219.52 °C (53.6 K) 0.001696 halogen gas yellow-green or yellowish brown
Neon Ne 10 20.1797(6)[1][2] 18 2 Greek neos 20.1797(6)[4][5] −248.447 °C (24.7 K) 3347K (3074°C) 0.0008999 noble gas
Sodium (Natrium) Na 11 22.98976928(2) 1 3 Latin natrium 22.98976928(2) 98 °C (371 K) 2435K (2162°C) 0.971 0.5
waxy, silvery white		 burns with a yellow flame, reacts violently with water, and oxidizes in air necessitating storage in an inert environment
Magnesium Mg 12 24.3050(6) 2 3 Magnesia, Greece 24.3050(6) 650 °C (923 K) 3675K (3402°C) 1.738 2.5
silvery metallic		 brittle, flammable, used in lightweight alloys, burns with a bright flame
Aluminium (Aluminum) Al 13 26.9815386(8) 13 3 Latin alumen 26.9815386(8) 660.25 °C (933.40 K) 2792K (2519°C) 2.698 2.75
silvery		 non-magnetic, very reflective, lightweight, common building material.
Silicon Si 14 28.0855(3)[3] 14 3 Latin silex 28.0855(3)[6] 1,410 °C (1,680 K) 958K (685°C) 2.3296 6.5 metalloid
dark gray, bluish tinge		 Used in semiconductors and electronics.
Phosphorus P 15 30.973762(2) 15 3 Greek phosphoros 30.973762(2) 44.1 °C (317.3 K) 3236K (2963°C) 1.82 nonmetal
waxy white/ red/ black/ colorless		 Due to its high reactivity, it is never found as a free element in nature. Phosphorus compounds are essential to living things
Sulfur (Sulphur) S 16 32.065(5)[1][3] 16 3 Latin sulfur 32.065(5)[4][6] 115.36 °C (388.51 K) 1655K (1382°C) 2.067 2.0
lemon yellow
Chlorine Cl 17 35.453(2)[1][2][3] 17 3 Greek chloros 35.453(2)[4][5][6] −100.84 °C (172 K) 3716K (3443°C) 0.003214 halogen gas yellowish green or greenish yellow
Argon Ar 18 39.948(1)[1][3] 18 3 Greek argon 39.948(1)[4][6] −189.19 °C (84.0 K) 87.30K (-185.85°C) 0.0017837 noble gas
Potassium (Kalium) K 19 39.0983(1) 1 4 Latin kalium 39.0983(1) 63.35 °C (336.50 K) 1235K (962°C) 0.862 0.4
silvery white		 forms many compounds, essential nutrient in plants and animals
Calcium Ca 20 40.078(4)[1] 2 4 Latin calx 40.078(4)[4] 839 °C (1,112 K) 944K (671°C) 1.54 1.75
gray		 reacts slowly with water, tarnishes quickly in air
Scandium Sc 21 44.955912(6) 3 4 Scandinavia 44.955912(6) 1,539 °C (1,812 K) 2067K (1794°C) 2.989 transition metal
soft, silvery, develops a slightly yellowish or pinkish cast when exposed to air		 not attacked by a 1:1 mixture of nitric acid(HNO3) and 48% HF
Titanium Ti 22 47.867(1) 4 4 the Titans 47.867(1) 1,660 °C (1,930 K) 2875K (2602°C) 4.540 6.0
silvery metallic		 corrosion-resistant (including resistance to sea water and chlorine, high tensile strength
Vanadium V 23 50.9415(1) 5 4 Vanadis 50.9415(1) 1,902 °C (2,175 K) 4404K (4131°C) 6.11 7.0 Brittle. Used to make tool steels.
Chromium Cr 24 51.9961(6) 6 4 Greek chroma 51.9961(6) 1,857 °C (2,130 K) 239.11K (-34.04°C) 7.15 8.5 e.g. Stainless steels, chrome plating, heating coils; +6 compounds are toxic.
Manganese Mn 25 54.938045(5) 7 4 Latin magnes 54.938045(5) 1,246 °C (1,519 K) 1363K (1090°C) 7.44 6.0
Iron (Ferrum) Fe 26 55.845(2) 8 4 Latin ferrum 55.845(2) 1,535 °C (1,808 K) 4701K (4428°C) 7.874 metal Most stable element. Greatest number of stable isotopes.
Cobalt Co 27 58.933195(5) 9 4 from German kobold 58.933195(5) 1,495 °C (1,768 K) 2944K (2671°C) 8.86 ferromagnetic, used in high temperature alloys, blue pigments, moderate toxicity
Nickel Ni 28 58.6934(4) 10 4 German kupfernickel 58.6934(2) 1,453 °C (1,726 K) 4273K (4000°C) 8.912 alloys, nickel plating
Copper (Cuprum) Cu 29 63.546(3)[3] 11 4 Latin Cuprum 63.546(3)[6] 1,084.6 °C (1,357.8 K) 3200K (2927°C) 8.96 "noble" metal, good conductor of electricity and heat
Zinc Zn 30 65.38(2) 12 4 German zin 65.409(4) 419.73 °C (692.88 K) 3609K (3336°C) 7.134 2.5 Used to "galvanize" nails, sheet metal, and such.
Gallium Ga 31 69.723(1) 13 4 Latin Gallia 69.723(1) 29.76 °C (302.91 K) 3546K (3273°C) 5.907 1.5 melts at 29.7 degrees Celsius (just above room temperature), Used in semiconductors.
Germanium Ge 32 72.64(1) 14 4 Germany 72.64(1) 938.3 °C (1,211.4 K) 2477K (2204°C) 5.323 6.0 Used in semiconductors and LED's
Arsenic As 33 74.92160(2) 15 4 Greek arsenikos 74.92160(2) 817 °C (1,090 K) 887K (614°C) 5.776 3.5
metallic gray, allotropic forms; yellow, black and grey		 poisonous
Selenium Se 34 78.96(3)[3] 16 4 Greek selene 78.96(3)[6] 221 °C (494 K) 4.809 2.0
gray, metallic luster		 Selenium has at least 29 isotopes, of which 5 are stable, and 6 are nuclear isomers.
Bromine Br 35 79.904(1) 17 4 Greek bromos 79.904(1) −7.1 °C (266 K) 332.0K (58.8°C) 3.122 halogen
gas/liquid: red-brown solid: metallic luster		 a red volatile liquid at standard room temperature. This element is corrosive to human tissue
Krypton Kr 36 83.798(2)[1][2] 18 4 Greek kryptos 83.798(2)[4][5] −157.22 °C (116 K) 3134K (2861°C) 0.003733 noble gas forms compounds with fluorine and clathrates with water
Rubidium Rb 37 85.4678(3)[1] 1 5 Latin rubidus 85.4678(3)[4] 39.64 °C (312.79 K) 1.532 0.3
silvery-white		 low melting point, reacts violently with water like sodium
Strontium Sr 38 87.62(1)[1][3] 2 5 Latin Strontian 87.62(1)[4][6] 769 °C (1,042 K) 1156K (883°C) 2.64 1.5
a soft silver-white or yellowish metallic element		 The metal turns yellow when exposed to air. somewhat malleable. It is chiefly employed (as in the nitrate) to color pyrotechnic flames red.
Yttrium Y 39 88.90585(2) 3 5 Ytterby, Sweden 88.90585(2) 1,526 °C (1,799 K) 1469K (1196°C) 4.469 transition metal
silvery metallic		 two of its compounds are used to make the red color phosphors in cathode ray tube displays
Zirconium Zr 40 91.224(2)[1] 4 5 zircon 91.224(2)[4] 1,852 °C (2,125 K) 1180K (907°C) 6.506 5.0
Niobium Nb 41 92.906 38(2) 5 5 Niobe 92.906 38(2) 2,468 °C (2,741 K) 3186K (2913°C) 8.570
Molybdenum Mo 42 95.96(2)[1] 6 5 Greek molybdos 95.94(2)[4] 2,617 °C (2,890 K) 630K (357°C) 10.22 In "chrome-moly" steels and other steels, lubricants
Technetium Tc 43 [98][9] 7 5 Greek technetos [98][10] 2,200 °C (2,470 K) 5731K (5458°C) 11.50 man-made, used in nuclear medicine.
Ruthenium Ru 44 101.07(2)[1] 8 5 Latin Ruthenia 101.07(2)[4] 2,250 °C (2,520 K) 961K (688°C) 12.37
Rhodium Rh 45 102.905 50(2) 9 5 Greek rhodon 102.905 50(2) 1,966 °C (2,239 K) 5900K (5627°C) 12.41
Palladium Pd 46 106.42(1)[1] 10 5 Pallas and the traditional -dium ending 106.42(1)[4] 1,552 °C (1,825 K) 90.20K (-182.95°C) 12.020
Silver (Argentum) Ag 47 107.8682(2)[1] 11 5 Latin argentum 107.8682(2)[4] 961 °C (1,234 K) 3538K (3265°C) 10.501 noble metal, in money, jewelry, eating utensils, soldering and brazing alloys
Cadmium Cd 48 112.411(8)[1] 12 5 from Greek kadmia 112.411(8)[4] 321.18 °C (594.33 K) 1040K (767°C) 8.69 toxic, used in batteries
Indium In 49 114.818(3) 13 5 indigo blue 114.818(3) 156.76 °C (429.91 K) 20.28K (-252.87°C) 7.310 soft metal
Tin (Stannum) Sn 50 118.710(7)[1] 14 5 Latin stannum 118.710(7)[4] 232.06 °C (505.21 K) 2223K (1950°C) 7.287 1.5 soft metal Main component of solder.
Antimony (Stibium) Sb 51 121.760(1)[1] 15 5 Latin stibium 121.760(1)[4] 630.9 °C (904.1 K) 1860K (1587°C) 6.685 3.0
silvery lustrous grey		 toxic
Tellurium Te 52 127.60(3)[1] 16 5 Greek tellus 127.60(3)[4] 449.65 °C (722.80 K) 5150K (4877°C) 6.232 2.25
silvery lustrous gray
Iodine I 53 126.90447(3) 17 5 Greek ioeides 126.904 47(3) 113.5 °C (386.7 K) 2345K (2072°C) 4.93 halogen solid that sublimes at standard temperatures into a purple-pink gas that has an irritating odor,it avoids goitre
violet-dark gray, lustrous		 least reactive of the halogens, still a strong oxidizing agent.
Xenon Xe 54 131.293(6)[1][2] 18 5 Greek xenos 131.293(6)[4][5] −111.7 °C (161 K) 3680K (3407°C) 0.005887 noble gas Forms compounds with chlorine and fluorine, and a few others.
Cesium (Caesium) Cs 55 132.9054519(2) 1 6 Latin caesius 132.9054519(2) 28.55 °C (301.70 K) 4300K (4027°C) 1.873 0.2
silvery gold		 liquid at or near room temperature, very reactive, reacts explosively with water.
Barium Ba 56 137.327(7) 2 6 Greek barys 137.327(7) 729 °C (1,002 K) 2170K (1897°C) 3.594 1.25
metallic		 Naturally occurring barium is a mix of seven stable isotopes. There are twenty-two isotopes known, but most of these are highly radioactive and have half-lives in the several millisecond to several minute range. The only notable exceptions are 133Ba which has a half-life of 10.51 years, and 137mBa (2.6 minutes).
Lanthanum La 57 138.90547(7)[1]   6 Greek lanthanien 138.90547(7)[4] 920 °C (1,190 K) 119.93K (-153.22°C) 6.145 2.5
Cerium Ce 58 140.116(1)[1]   6 Ceres 140.116(1)[4] 798 °C (1,071 K) 5100K (4827°C) 6.770 2.5
resembles iron		 Used in ceramics and glassmaking, component of "flints" in cigarette lighters.
Praseodymium Pr 59 140.90765(2)   6 Greek prasios 140.90765(2) 931 °C (1,204 K) 1032K (759°C) 6.773 soft
silvery white, yellowish tinge
Neodymium Nd 60 144.242(3)[1]   6 Greek neos didymos 144.242(3)[4] 1,016 °C (1,289 K) 4912K (4639°C) 7.007 used in powerful permanent magnets and LASERs
Promethium Pm 61 [145][9]   6 Prometheus [145][10] 931 °C (1,204 K) 3793K (3520°C) 7.26
Samarium Sm 62 150.36(2)[1]   6 samarskite 150.36(2)[4] 1,072 °C (1,345 K) 7.52
Europium Eu 63 151.964(1)[1]   6 Europe 151.964(1)[4] 822 °C (1,095 K) 3503K (3230°C) 5.243 lanthanide
Gadolinium Gd 64 157.25(3)[1]   6 gadolinite 157.25(3)[4] 1,312 °C (1,585 K) 950K (677°C) 7.895 Phosphor in TV tubes and fluorescent lights.
Terbium Tb 65 158.92535(2)   6 Ytterby, Sweden 158.92535(2) 1,357 °C (1,630 K) 1261K (988°C) 8.229 Phosphor in TV tubes and fluorescent lights.
Dysprosium Dy 66 162.500(1)[1]   6 Greek dysprositos 162.500(1)[4] 1,407 °C (1,680 K) 8.55
Holmium Ho 67 164.93032(2)   6 Latin Holmia 164.930 32(2) 1,470 °C (1,740 K) 4.22K (-268.93°C) 8.795
Erbium Er 68 167.259(3)[1]   6 Ytterby, Sweden 167.259(3)[4] 1,522 °C (1,795 K) 9.066
Thulium Tm 69 168.93421(2)   6 Thule and the traditional -ium ending 168.93421(2) 1,545 °C (1,818 K) 5061K (4788°C) 9.321
Ytterbium Yb 70 173.054(5)[1]   6 Ytterby, Sweden 173.04(3)[4] 824 °C (1,097 K) 165.03K (-108.12°C) 6.965
Lutetium Lu 71 174.9668(1)[1] 3 6 Latin Lutetia 174.967(1)[4] 1,663 °C (1,936 K) 1615K (1342°C) 9.84
Hafnium Hf 72 178.49(2) 4 6 Latin Hafnia 178.49(2) 2,227 °C (2,500 K) 3129K (2856°C) 13.31
Tantalum Ta 73 180.94788(2) 5 6 King Tantalus 180.94788(2) 2,996 °C (3,269 K) 717.8K (444.6°C) 16.654 used in electrolytic capacitors
Tungsten (Wolfram) W 74 183.84(1) 6 6 German wolfram 183.84(1) 3,407 °C (3,680 K) 3560K (3287°C) 19.25 strong but brittle; heat resistant; extremely high melting point
Rhenium Re 75 186.207(1) 7 6 German Rheinprovinz 186.207(1) 3,180 °C (3,450 K) 211.3K (-61.7°C) 21.02
Osmium Os 76 190.23(3)[1] 8 6 Greek osme 190.23(3)[4] 3,027 °C (3,300 K) 22.610
Iridium Ir 77 192.217(3) 9 6 Greek iris 192.217(3) 2,443 °C (2,716 K) 457.4K (184.3°C) 22.650 silvery-white Densest natural element
Platinum Pt 78 195.084(9) 10 6 Greek platina 195.084(9) 1,772 °C (2,045 K) 553K (280°C) 21.46 precious metal and industrial catalyst
Gold (Aurum) Au 79 196.966569(4) 11 6 Latin aurum 196.966569(4) 1,064.58 °C (1,337.73 K) 3106K (2833°C) 19.282
Mercury (Hydrargyrum) Hg 80 200.59(2) 12 6 Latin hydrargyrum 200.59(2) −38.72 °C (234 K) 13.5336 liquid at room temperature; toxic; in batteries and thermometers
Thallium Tl 81 204.3833(2) 13 6 Greek thallos 204.3833(2) 304 °C (577 K) 3503K (3230°C) 11.85 toxic, high-temperature superconductors
Lead (Plumbum) Pb 82 207.2(1)[1][3] 14 6 Latin plumbum 207.2(1)[4][6] 327.6 °C (600.8 K) 11.342 toxic, being phased out in most applications
Bismuth Bi 83 208.98040(1) 15 6 from German wissmuth 208.98040(1) 271.52 °C (544.67 K) 1837K (1564°C) 9.807 electrical solders, fire suppressors, replacement for lead bullets
Polonium Po 84 [210][9] 16 6 Poland [210][10] 254 °C (527 K) 3501K (3228°C) 9.32 radioactive
Astatine At 85 [210][9] 17 6 Greek astatos [210][10] 302 °C (575 K) 610K (337°C) 7 approximately Extremely rare
Radon Rn 86 [220][9] 18 6 radium and emanation [220][10] −71 °C (202.1 K) 2010K (1737°C) 0.00973 noble gas radioactive, comes from radium
Francium Fr 87 [223][9] 1 7 France [223][10] 27 °C (300 K) 85.03K (-188.12°C) 1.87 radioactive alkali metal alkali metal isotope found in uranium and thorium ores, reacts explosively with air and water.
Radium Ra 88 [226][9] 2 7 Latin radius [226][10] 700 °C (973 K) 4300 ?K (4027°C) 5.50 almost pure white, readily oxidizes on exposure to air, turning black Radium preparations are remarkable for maintaining themselves at a higher temperature than their surroundings, and for their radiations: alpha particles, beta particles, and gamma rays. Radium also produces neutrons when mixed with beryllium.
Actinium Ac 89 [227][9]   7 from Greek aktinos [227][9] 1,050 °C (1,320 K) 3471K (3198°C) 10.07 radioactive metallic element. glows in the dark with an eerie blue light.
Thorium Th 90 232.03806(2)[9][1]   7 Thor 232.03806(2)[10][4] 1,755 °C (2,028 K) 1746K (1473°C) 11.72 Possible nuclear fuel
Protactinium Pa 91 231.03588(2)[9]   7 Greek protos and actinium 231.03588(2)[10] 1,600 °C (1,870 K) 3273K (3000°C) 15.37 artificial
Uranium U 92   7 Uranus 238.02891(3)[10][4][5] 1,132 °C (1,405 K) 18.95 nuclear fuel
Neptunium Np 93 [237][9]   7 Neptune [237][10] 640 °C (913 K) 27.07K (-246.08°C) 20.45
Plutonium Pu 94 [244][9]   7 Pluto [244][10] 640 °C (913 K) 4098K (3825°C) 19.84 nuclear fuel
Americium Am 95 [243][9]   7 the Americas [243][10] 994 °C (1,267 K) 2880K (2607°C) 13.69 Am-241 used in smoke detectors.
Curium Cm 96 [247][9]   7 Pierre and Marie Curie and the traditional -um ending [247][10] 1,067 °C (1,340 K) 2835K (2562°C) 13.51 artificial
Berkelium Bk 97 [247][9]   7 Berkeley, California [247][10] 986 °C (1,259 K) 983K (710°C) 14.79 artificial
Californium Cf 98 [251][9]   7 State and University of California [251][10] 1,652 °C (1,925 K) 1757K (1484°C) 15.10 artificial
Einsteinium Es 99 [252][9]   7 Albert Einstein [252][10] 860 °C (1,130 K) 2840K (2567°C) 13.5 (Estimate) artificial
Fermium Fm 100 [257][9]   7 Enrico Fermi [257][10] 2,781 °C (3,054 K) 1802K (1529°C) Unknown
Mendelevium Md 101 [258][9]   7 Dmitri Mendeleyev [258][10] 1,521 °C (1,794 K) Unknown
Nobelium No 102 [259][9]   7 Alfred Nobel [259][10] 1,521 °C (1,794 K) 77.36K (-195.79°C) Unknown
Lawrencium Lr 103 [262][9] 3 7 Ernest O. Lawrence [262][10] 2,961 °C (3,234 K) 3737K (3464°C) 9.84 or greater artificial
Rutherfordium Rf 104 261[9] 4 7 Ernest Rutherford 261[10] 4423K (4150°C) 18.1 artificial
Dubnium Db 105 [262][9] 5 7 Dubna, Russia [262][10] 39 (Estimate)
Seaborgium Sg 106 [266][9] 6 7 Glenn T. Seaborg [266][10] 3109K (2836°C) 35 (Estimate) artificial, all remaining elements below are artificial
Bohrium Bh 107 [264][9] 7 7 Neils Bohr [264][10] 37 (Estimate)
Hassium Hs 108 [277][9] 8 7 Hesse, Germany [277][10] 4876K (4603°C) 41 (Estimate)
Meitnerium Mt 109 [268][9] 9 7 Lise Meitner [268][10] 2334K (2061°C) 35 (Estimate)
Darmstadtium Ds 110 [271][9] 10 7 Darmstadt, Germany [271][10] 3383K (3110°C) 21.46 or greater artificial
Roentgenium Rg 111 [272][9] 11 7 Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen [272][10] 3968K (3695°C) 19.282 or greater artificial
Ununbium Uub 112 [285][9] 12 7 Latin uni, uni, and bi [285][10] 5930K (5657°C) 13.5336 or greater artificial element,
Ununtrium Uut 113 [284][9] 13 7 Latin uni, uni, and Greek tri [284][10] 11.85 or greater artificial element
Ununquadium Uuq 114 [289][9] 14 7 Latin uni, uni, and quadr [289][10] 11.342 or greater unstable, man-made
Ununpentium Uup 115 [288][9] 15 7 Latin uni, uni, and Greek pent [288][10] 250K (-22.6°C) 9.807 or greater unstable, man-made
Ununhexium Uuh 116 [292][9] 16 7 Latin uni, uni, and Greek hex [292][10] 9.32 or greater man-made, highly unstable
Ununoctium Uuo 118 [294][9] 18 7 Latin uni, uni, and oct [294][10] Unknown


Notes

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  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am The isotopic composition of this element varies in some geological specimens, and the variation may exceed the uncertainty stated in the table.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h The isotopic composition of the element can vary in commercial materials, which can cause the atomic weight to deviate significantly from the given value.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o The isotopic composition varies in terrestrial material such that a more precise atomic weight can not be given.
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am The isotopic composition of this element varies in some geological specimens, and the variation may exceed the uncertainty stated in the table.
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h The isotopic composition of the element can vary in commercial materials, which can cause the atomic weight to deviate significantly from the given value.
  6. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o The isotopic composition varies in terrestrial material such that a more precise atomic weight can not be given.
  7. ^ The atomic weight of commercial Lithium can vary between 6.939 and 6.996—analysis of the specific material is necessary to find a more accurate value.
  8. ^ The atomic weight of commercial Lithium can vary between 6.939 and 6.996—analysis of the specific material is necessary to find a more accurate value.
  9. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak The element does not have any stable nuclides, and a value in brackets, e.g. [209], indicates the mass number of the longest-lived isotope of the element. However, three elements, Thorium, Protactinium, and Uranium, have a characteristic terrestrial isotopic composition, and thus their atomic mass given.
  10. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai Cite error: The named reference fn_11 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

Temperature with most liquid elements

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The temperature ranges at which the most elements are liquid are 2739 - 2742K and 2750 - 2792K (2466 - 2469°C and 2477 - 2518°C; 4471 - 4476°F and 4491 - 4566°F).

Actinium, aluminium, americium, boron, cerium, chromium, cobalt, copper, curium, dysprosium, erbium, gadolinium, germanium, gold, hafnium, holmium, iridium, iron, lanthanum, lutetium, neodymium, neptunium, nickel, palladium, platinum, plutonium, praseodymium, promethium, protactinium, rhodium, ruthenium, scandium, silicon, technetium, terbium, thorium, tin, titanium, uranium, vanadium, yttrium and zirconium are liquid in both ranges. They are joined by beryllium in the lower range, and niobium in the upper.

The four key temperatures in these ranges are respectively, the melting point of iridium , the boiling point of beryllium, the melting point of niobium, and the boiling point of aluminium.

References

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  • International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (2006). "Atomic Weights of the Elements 2005" (PDF). Pure Appl. Chem. 78 (11): 2051–66. doi:10.1351/pac200678112051. Atomic weights of elements with atomic numbers 1-27, 29, 31-41, 43-69, 72-109 taken from this source.
  • IUPAC Standard Atomic Weights Revised (2007). Atomic weights of elements with atomic numbers of 28, 30, 42, 70 & 71 taken from this source.
  • WebElements Periodic Table. Retrieved June 30, 2005. Atomic weights of elements with atomic numbers of 110-116 taken from this source.

See also

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Category:Lists of chemical elements

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