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Sulfolobus islandicus Rod-Shaped Virus 2
[edit]Sulfolobus islandicus rod-shaped virus 2, also referred to as SIRV2, is a archeal virus that infects the archeaon Sulfolobus islandicus. This virus belongs to the family Rudiviridae.[1]
Biology and Biochemistry
[edit]SIRV2 has a linear double-stranded DNA genome. The viral DNA is replicated by 4 host DNA polymerases: Dpo1 through Dpo4.[1]
The virus has a rod-shaped morphology with a width of 23 nanometers (nm) and a length of 900 nm. The virus has terminal plugs that are pointed at one end and have a 45 nm length and 6 nm width. Three tails, 28 nm in length, have been observed on both ends of the virus.[2]
SIRV2 is able to survive additions of 6 molar (M) urea, absolute ethanol, octanol-2, and 0.1% Triton X-100 in neutral pH and 25 degrees Celsius.[2] In vitro testing has shown that SIRV2 is still able to infect at 70-80 degrees Celsius and in a pH 3 solution.[3]
SIRV2gp19 was found to be a single-stranded DNA endonuclease in 2011. This was proven by inducing a mutation in the SIRVgp19 protein Motif II from the amino acid aspartate to alanine which resulted in a loss of nuclease activity. This protein is functional within pH 7-10. Magnesium chloride was found to be a cofactor to this protein in 1971.[4][3] Sodium chloride concentrations above 100 mM inhibit SIRV2gp19.[3]
References
[edit]- ^ a b Martínez-Alvarez, Laura; Deng, Ling; Peng, Xu (2017-07-01). "Formation of a Viral Replication Focus in Sulfolobus Cells Infected by the Rudivirus Sulfolobus islandicus Rod-Shaped Virus 2". Journal of Virology. 91 (13): e00486–17. doi:10.1128/JVI.00486-17. ISSN 0022-538X. PMID 28424282.
- ^ a b Prangishvili, David; Arnold, Hans Peter; Götz, Dorothee; Ziese, Ulrike; Holz, Ingelore; Kristjansson, Jakob K.; Zillig, Wolfram (1999-08-01). "A Novel Virus Family, the Rudiviridae: Structure, Virus-Host Interactions and Genome Variability of the Sulfolobus Viruses SIRV1 and SIRV2". Genetics. 152 (4): 1387–1396. ISSN 0016-6731. PMID 10430569.
- ^ a b c Gardner, Andrew F.; Prangishvili, David; Jack, William E. (2011). "Characterization of Sulfolobus islandicus rod-shaped virus 2 gp19, a single-strand specific endonuclease". Extremophiles. 15 (5): 619–624. doi:10.1007/s00792-011-0385-0. ISSN 1431-0651. PMC 3158340. PMID 21667093.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: PMC format (link) - ^ Kushner, Sidney (1971). "Genetic Recombination in Escherichia coli: The Role of Exonuclease I" (PDF). Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA. 68: 824–827 – via NCBI.