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Division and privatization of JNR or Privatisation of JNR (国鉄分割民営化, Kokutetsu bunkatsu mineika) is the administrative reform which the Nakasone Cabinet (jawp) carried out. divided Japanese National Railways into six individual region "passenger railways companies" and one "freight railways company" as JR and privatized it.These companies started on April 1 in 1987.
included "Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Public Corporation (jawp)" and a "Japan Tobacco and Salt Public Corporation (jawp)" for the same period was pushed forward by the Liberal Democratic Party of Japan.

Succession corporations

By Japanese National Railways division and privatization, JNR succeeded the business in 12 following succession corporations.

Hokkaido Railway Company（JR Hokkaido）
East Japan Railway Company（JR East Japan） …… full privatization in June, 2002.
Central Japan Railway Company（JR Central=JR Tōkai） …… full privatization in June, 2006.
West Japan Railway Company（JR West Japan） …… full privatization in March, 2004.
Shikoku Railway Company（JR Shikoku）
Kyushu Railway Company（JR Kyushu） …… full privatization in October, 2016.
Japan Freight Railway Company（JR Freight）
Railway Communication …… Present to Softbank Telecom.
Railway Information Systems (jawp)（JR Systems）
Shinkansen Railway Holding machinery (jawp)…… dissolved in October, 1991.
Railway Technical Research Institute（RTRI） …… shift to the public interest foundation in April, 2011.
Japanese National Railway Settlement Corporation…… dissolved in October, 1998.

Objective

large amount debt and exclusion of political intervention

Keeping in the district by the progress of the motorization away from JNR, by a rise in labor cost with the aging of the staff employed as employment measures of the war repatriate in large quantities to JNR, It was surplus till then JNR, fell to a deficit from 1964 (Showa 39) when the Tokaidō Shinkansen started a business. In the late 40s of the Showa period, from failure of "the Marusei campaign (jawp)" that is Unfair labor practice, The labor-management relations turned worse, and a strike including a work-to-rule struggle and the right-to-strike strike occurred.

It is separated from the Ministry of Railways in 1949 (Showa 24), Japanese National Railways which started as a public corporation of the self-supporting accounting system, politics did not continue bearing the management responsibility about the Japanese National Railways income and expenditure, about a fare and a budget, new line construction, "the important decision matter" which can be called the basis of the management including personnel affairs, because approval of the Diet was necessary, I strongly received intervention of the politics.

For example, for prevention of election measures and the inflation, the government stops the raise of the fare and, for the reason of suppressing private business, in addition, Japanese the Plan for Remodeling the Japanese Archipelago of Prime Minister Kakuei Tanaka, "Gaden-intetsu (我田引鉄)"