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Usage

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[add at the end] A 2012 study from Kobe Shoin Women's University found that overall use of honorific suffixes and other polite speech markers has increased significantly over time, while age, sex, and other social variables have become less significant. The paper concluded that the usage of honorifics has shifted from a basis in power dynamics and deference to one of personal intimacy and closeness.[1][2]

Bibliography

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References: [3][4][5]

  1. ^ Matsuda, Kenjiro (2012-09-01). "What Happened to the Honorifics in a Local Japanese Dialect in 55 years: A Report from the Okazaki Survey on Honorifics". University of Pennsylvania Working Papers in Linguistics. 18 (2).
  2. ^ Inoue, Fumio. 1999. Keigo-wa Kowaku-nai. Tokyo: Kodansha
  3. ^ Fukada, Atsushi; Asato, Noriko (2004-11-01). "Universal politeness theory: application to the use of Japanese honorifics". Journal of Pragmatics. 36 (11): 1991–2002. doi:10.1016/j.pragma.2003.11.006. ISSN 0378-2166.
  4. ^ Hori, Motoko (1986-06-01). "A sociolinguistic analysis of the Japanese honorifics". Journal of Pragmatics. 10 (3): 373–386. doi:10.1016/0378-2166(86)90007-X. ISSN 0378-2166.
  5. ^ Prideaux, Gary D. (2017-12-04). The Syntax of Japanese Honorifics. Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. ISBN 978-3-11-081280-0.