User:Research is c00L/Environmental gentrification/Bibliography

You will be compiling your bibliography and creating an outline of the changes you will make in this sandbox.

Bibliography

Edit this section to compile the bibliography for your Wikipedia assignment. Add the name and/or notes about what each source covers, then use the "Cite" button to generate the citation for that source.

Assess the article (skim):

• why you think the source is reliable.
• what in the source will be helpful for you when adding to your chosen Wikipedia article.

Academic Sources

Immergluck, D., & Balan, T. (2018). Sustainable for whom? green urban development, environmental gentrification, and the atlanta beltline. Urban Geography, 39(4), 546-562. https://doi.org/10.1080/02723638.2017.1360041

• Skim Assessment:
  • This is a peer-reviewed journal article discussing the affect sustainable urban development projects have on housing and property values. It focuses specifically on the Atlanta Beltline project, but also discusses the impact these sustainable development projects have on gentrification more broadly.
  • Can give insight into ways sustainable and green development projects have good and bad effects on communities within a city. It also gives insight into why city officials do these projects. Atlanta could also be added to the examples section.
• After Reading:
  • This is a fairly well written article. However, it is primarily focused on the Atlanta Beltline project, which could be useful if creating a section on this in the Wikipedia article. It provides a little overview on other sustainable development projects and the effects that has had on property values in other places. It also discusses ways to adress changing property values in a more equitable way. It appears there is no conflict of intrest reported by researchers, but some research from one author is included in article.
  • topic notes:
    • The use of sustainability as a front to the true value and goal of economic growth (Immergluck and Balan 2018: 4-5)
      • Making the sustainability development sound better by using the good impacts on the environment, but real goal is to bring in money
    • Repurposing underused or abandoned infrastructure into parks or riverfronts and the affect on current residents (Immergluck and Balan 2018: 5)
      • High Line in NY brought in retail and residential development in addition to the environmental development- attracted wealthier people, and raised housing prices
    • Planning for affordable housing amidst development (Immergluck and Balan 2018: 6-7)
      • context of beltline: planned to set aside money to build affordable housing, no plans for keeping housing affordable for existing residents
    • Impacts of development on homes nearby, specifically home values and property tax and their effects on low income residents (immergluck and Balan 2018: 13-14)
    • Possible ways to offset these effects when considering development projects (Immergluck and Balan 2018: 14-15)

Pearsall, H., & Anguelovski, I. (2016). Contesting and resisting environmental gentrification: Responses to new paradoxes and challenges for urban environmental justice. Sociological Research Online, 21(3), 1-7. https://doi.org/10.5153/sro.3979

• Skim Assessment:
  • This is also a peer-reviewed journal article that discusses the different ways communities and activists have been adressing gentrification due to environmental development. It is a source from Great Britian, which gives a more international view on the topic, but is relevant to what is happening in the States as well. They compare their findings to environmental justice responses to gentrification.
  • This article can give insight to ways environmental gentrification is being adressed. The Wikipedia article has little on this topic.
• After Reading:
  • This is a fairly well written review article. It is published by the British Sociological Association. Some research from one author is included. The article goes over various EG and EJ activists and communities have responded to environmental development/clean-up. This article brings an international overview discussing efforts in American, European and Asian cities. It opens up an interesting view on the way EG and EJ align, and how they also differ.
• Topic Notes:
  • Environmental clean-up correlated to gentrification (Pearsall and Anguelovski 2016: 2)
  • Concerns of community when not included in environmental improvement plans (Pearsall and Anguelovski 2016: 2)
  • Overlap between resistance of E gentrification and E justice efforts (Pearsall and Anguelovski 2016: 2-4)
    • Both EJ and EG (2-3): community and activist participation in city planning process- sometimes the effort doesnt impact the outcome much
    • Both: "mutual aid" connections formed between non-profits, residents and local businesses to help all members of neighborhood self-sustain
    • Both: protests
    • Differing (3-4): While both have similar goals, EG also incorperates the impacts that improved environmental conditions can have, and works to offest this, but EJ is focused on getting companies and public agencies to do something about the porr environmental conditions
    • using policy to increase access
    • EG collaboration with planners and "gentrifiers" to clean sites without displacement
    • using anti-gentrification policy to help offset displacement

Quinton, J., & Nesbitt, L. (2024). Different names for the same thing? A systematic review of green, environmental, eco-, ecological, climate, carbon, and resilience gentrification. Cities, 151, 105107. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2024.105107

• Skim Assessment:
  • This is a peer-reviewed academic journal article.
  • This article gives an overview and defines the different terms used to refer to environmental gentrification, and also discusses related terms. As a literature review, it brings together many different sources to track the trends and uses of these terms to see how they overlap. This article would be helpful to understand the information about environmental gentrification out there already and get a better understanding of the terms used to define it as well. The Wikipedia article does mention many of these terms as well, so this article would be helpful in adding context to those terms.
• After reading:
  • This is a fairly well written article, howevever it was a bit harder to understand than others.
• Topic notes:
  • Gentrification terms/ definition of environmental gentrification or GEEE (Quinton and Nesbitt 2024: 2)
    • How the term is used in a scholarly context
    • Gentrification unintentional or intentional?
    • term is used politicize decisions made by cities
    • Evolution of the term
  • Pillars of sustainability (economic, environmental, social not used as much) (Quinton and Nesbitt 2024: 3)
  • the evolution of the terms environmental and green gentrification (Quinton and Nesbitt 2024: 3)
  • What articles were sourced when defining the terms (Quinton and Nesbitt 2024: 3)
  • factors that went into what term was used: what was used to identify gentrification, the drivers of sustainability linked to that gentrification, how the drivers led to gentrification (Quinton and Nesbitt 2024: 4-6)
    • socio-economic, racial displacement and exclusion (4)
    • sustainability (5)
    • pathways (6)

Krings, A., & Schusler, T. M. (2020). Equity in sustainable development: Community responses to environmental gentrification. International Journal of Social Welfare, 29(4), 321-334. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijsw.12425

• Skim Assesment:
  • This is a Peer-reviewed academic journal article from the International Journal of Social Welfare.
  • This article is a literature review of various interdiciplinary academic articles all relating to the commmunity activim response to environmental gentrification. This article is written through the lens of social work, and how it overlaps with promoting equitable sustainability in communities. This article would be helpful in learning about how various communities have responded to environmental gentrification, and with the interdiciplinary lens, it can provide a well-rounded understanding.
• After reading:
• Topic notes:

Dempsey, N., Bramley, G., Power, S., & Brown, C. (2011). The social dimension of sustainable development: Defining urban social sustainability. Sustainable Development (Bradford, West Yorkshire, England), 19(5), 289-300. https://doi.org/10.1002/sd.417

• Skim Assesment:
  • This is a peer-reviewed journal article from the interdiciplinary journal Sustainable Development.
  • This article focuses on defining social equity and social sustainability in an European urban context, which could add more depth to the section of the article discussing social equity. The article reviews other ways social sustainability has been discussed.

Anguelovski, I., Connolly, J. J., Cole, H., Garcia-Lamarca, M., Triguero-Mas, M., Baró, F., Martin, N., Conesa, D., Shokry, G., del Pulgar, C. P., Ramos, L. A., Matheney, A., Gallez, E., Oscilowicz, E., Máñez, J. L., Sarzo, B., Beltrán, M. A., & Minaya, J. M. (2022). Green gentrification in European and North American cities. Nature Communications, 13(1), Article 3816. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-31572-1

• Skim Assesment:
  • This peer-reviewed academic journal article studies the impact of enviromental gentrification in cities across Europe and North America. It notes some of the benefits of Environmental green scpace, but also points out the multi-layered disparieties that occur in low-income areas with the creation of these urban green spaces. The international view on this article can help bring a more rounded perspective of the issue, rather than keeping the focus on the United States.
    

Newspaper Sources

"Black-Led Urban Farms are Thriving -- Until they have to Fight for their Land; Urban Farms Play a Vital Role in Feeding Communities but are Hampered by Precarious Leases and Gentrification." The Guardian (London), 2022.https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2022/mar/05/black-led-urban-farms-are-thriving-until-they-have-to-fight-for-their-land?CMP=share_btn_url

• Skim Assessment:
  • This is an article from The Guardian, which is on the list of reliable sources for Wikipedia. It is also a news article, not an opinion article. It discusses how Black Urban farmers have been fighting for food security, but are pushed off their land as a result of gentrification, and how they comat this issue.
  • This article gives insight to a different side of environmental gentrification. It shows how communtiy members have been making their neighborhoods more sustainable, but gentrification thwarts their efforts.
• After reading:
  • This article focuses on urban farming, specifically how urban farmers experience land insecurity, and are easily kicked out by gentrification and development. Sometimes their efforts in buying the land can result in gentrification around them as well. This article can be used to talk about ways community members are combating land prices rising through land trusts, it can also show how communities are utilizing green space to get necessary food security.
• topic notes:
  • Development pushing out Black urban farmers- land security issue (Worthy 2022)
    • Farmers don't own the land they grow on, rented, but they are essential to the area for food security
    • Developers interested in land, they get kicked out
    • ownership of the land is hard because gentrification makes prices high
  • Community land trusts as a way to offset the prices- in collab with non-profits (Worthy 2022)
    • Brings security amidst gentrification
  • Zoning laws making urban farming illegal in Detroit (until urban agriculture ordinance) (Worthy 2022)
    • Farms evicted without warning or conpensation
    • Some bought the land but that resulted in gentrificationin their area
    • Detroit Black Farmer Land Fund- helping other black farmers in Detroit with land security
  • No policies in place to protect land used for food (Worthy 2022)

Sisson, P. (2022, November 10). A challenge for cities: Going green, without the gentrification. Bloomberg.com. https://www.bloomberg.com/news/features/2022-11-10/a-challenge-for-cities-going-green-without-the-gentrification?utm_source=website&utm_medium=share&utm_campaign=copy

• Skim assessment:
  • This is an article from Boomberg news, which is on the list of reliable sources for Wikipedia.
  • This article provides insight to what structures cities looking to include green infrastructure can put in place to reduce the impact of gentrification on current residents.
• After reading:
• Topic notes:
  • Greening is causing a major shift in housing costs and displacement in US and Europe (Sisson 2022)
    • cities are pushing to be more "livable" and green
  • "pernicous paradox"- neighborhoods say no to new development/ resources for fear of displacement (Sisson 2022)
    • redlining leading to lower income folks not having access to parks and such, those add value to the neighborhood- when added it can cause displacement
  • Investing in places that havent been invested in stirs development intrest (Sisson 2022)
  • No trees = Climate hazards and extreme heat issues (relation to climate gentrification?) (Sisson 2022)
    • Tree equity
  • NY High Line, ATL Belt Line, CHI 606 trail, DC Street Bridge Park (Sisson 2022)
    • DC project has an equity agenda (revisit this)
  • Cities should not be shocked when displacement happens (Sisson 2022)
  • Adding green space is important, it can have good benefits
    • Westfield Grand Junction Plaza
  • The economic benefits are what can sway the funding for a project to get done (Sisson 2022)
  • Large and small scale greening can both impact property values (Sisson)
  • Greening is important, but should also include equity efforts- look at big picture (Sisson 2022)
    • paired with equity policies
  • Some other researchers argue that gentrification won't immediately happen just because of one change (Sisson)
    • bike lanes
    • some residents get scared when things like adding bike lanes happen
  • Sustainable development needs to be city wide- uneven development (Sisson 2022)

Outline of proposed changes

• Add to the section about Environmental Getrification (EG) and Environmental Justice to discuss ways gentrification has been adressed by community activists.
• Possibly restructure the articles sections to have a smoother read and flow.
  • much of the article is disjointed, and the concepts discussed don't flow into each other in a way that is easy for a reader to fully grasp the subject.
  • the article also has backgrounds on topics that already have Wkipedia pages, which is a bit confusing, but they are slightly necessary to fully grasp the subject as well. Maybe adding more focus to the backgrounds to the subject of environmental gentrification rather than gentrificaltion or sustainabilty as a whole is needed
  • also, upon looking at the sources, there are many sentences and paragraphs that are not sourced well (either no citations are present, or they only have one citation), so adding some additional sources can benefit this article.

Current environmental gentrification article headings:

• Intro
• Gentrification
• Urban planning and sustainability
• Definitions and concepts
• Gentrification and EJ in the US
• Examples

Research topics outline:

Defining environmental gentrification

The article has a definition of EG, but then says the definition is not fully agreed upon, so we need more sources to show what other definitions are, and why they arent agreed upon.

I also feel like the Gentrification section should be more streamlined to fit the topic because there is already a page on gentrification. So maybe incorporating the information in that section and putting it in this definition section would help it seem more fluid.

• Gentrification terms/ definition of environmental gentrification or GEEE (Quinton and Nesbitt 2024: 2)
• The evolution of the terms environmental and green gentrification (Quinton and Nesbitt 2024: 3)
• What articles were sourced when defining the terms (Quinton and Nesbitt 2024: 3)
• Factors that went into what term was used: what was used to identify gentrification, the drivers of sustainability linked to that gentrification, how the drivers led to gentrification (Quinton and Nesbitt 2024: 4-6)
• Impacts of development on homes nearby, specifically home values and property tax and their effects on low-income residents (Immergluck and Balan 2018: 13-14)
• Planning for affordable housing amidst development (Immergluck and Balan 2018: 6-7)
• "pernicious paradox"- neighborhoods say no to new development/ resources for fear of displacement (Sisson 2022)
• Investing in places that haven't been invested in stirs development interest (Sisson 2022)
• Cities should not be shocked when displacement happens (Sisson 2022)
• Adding green space is important, it can have good benefits (Sisson 2022)
• Some other researchers argue that gentrification won't immediately happen just because of one change (Sisson 2022)

Sustainability in urban planning

Provides a bit of background on sustainability and how urban planners are incorporating sustainability into designs or cities now.  Discussed the 3 pillars, so we can introduce how social equity is not being developed- which is a major cause of gentrification. Can also talk about how the cleaning of brown sights can lead to gentrification as well.

Maybe have a sub-section to tie it in with the benefits, repercussions, and suggested solutions.

• The use of sustainability as a front to the true value and goal of economic growth (Immergluck and Balan 2018: 4-5)
• Repurposing underused or abandoned infrastructure into parks or riverfronts and the effect on current residents (Immergluck and Balan 2018: 5)
• Planning for affordable housing amidst development (Immergluck and Balan 2018: 6-7)
• Impacts of development on homes nearby, specifically home values and property tax and their effects on low-income residents (Immergluck and Balan 2018: 13-14)
• Possible ways to offset these effects when considering development projects (Immergluck and Balan 2018: 14-15)
• Environmental clean-up correlated to gentrification (Pearsall and Anguelovski 2016: 2)
• EG collaboration with planners and "gentrifiers" to clean sites without displacement
• using anti-gentrification policy to help offset displacement
• Pillars of sustainability (economic, environmental, social not used as much) (Quinton and Nesbitt 2024: 3)
• Greening is causing a major shift in housing costs and displacement in the US and Europe (Sisson 2022)
• Sustainable development needs to be city-wide- uneven development (Sisson 2022)
• Large and small-scale greening can both impact property values (Sisson)
• Greening is important, but should also include equity efforts- look at the big picture (Sisson 2022)
• Adding green space is important, it can have good benefits (Sisson 2022)
• No trees = Climate hazards and extreme heat issues (relation to climate gentrification?) (Sisson 2022)
• Environmental clean-up correlated to gentrification (Pearsall and Anguelovski 2016: 2)

Environmental justice and resisting gentrification

This section can go into depth about EJ issues, what EJ and community activists are doing to make their neighborhoods more sustainable, and livable, and how they are resisting gentrification.

• Overlap between resistance to E gentrification and E justice efforts (Pearsall and Anguelovski 2016: 2-4)
• Concerns of the community when not included in environmental improvement plans (Pearsall and Anguelovski 2016: 2)
  • Both EJ and EG (2-3): community and activist participation in the city planning process- sometimes the effort doesn't impact the outcome much
  • Both: "mutual aid" connections formed between non-profits, residents, and local businesses to help all members of the neighborhood self-sustain
  • Both: protests
  • Differing (3-4): While both have similar goals, EG also incorporates the impacts that improved environmental conditions can have and works to offset this, but EJ is focused on getting companies and public agencies to do something about the poor environmental conditions
  • using policy to increase access
  • EG collaboration with planners and "gentrifiers" to clean sites without displacement
  • using anti-gentrification policy to help offset displacement
• Development pushing out Black urban farmers- land security issue (Worthy 2022)
• Community land trusts as a way to offset the prices- in collab with non-profits (Worthy 2022)
• Zoning laws making urban farming illegal in Detroit (until urban agriculture ordinance) (Worthy 2022)
• No policies in place to protect land used for food (Worthy 2022)
• "pernicious paradox"- neighborhoods say no to new development/ resources for fear of displacement (Sisson 2022)

Examples of environmental gentrification in cities

This section kind of abruptly goes into “examples” but doesn't really have an intro to what cities are being discussed, or what the example is of, so creating an intro here would be helpful. Here is a place where I can add more specific studies on EG in cities, such as ATL Beltline, or Detroit.

• NY High Line, ATL Belt Line, CHI 606 trail, DC Street Bridge Park (Sisson 2022)
  • DC project has an equity agenda (revisit this)
• Zoning laws making urban farming illegal in Detroit (until urban agriculture ordinance) (Worthy 2022)
  • Farms evicted without warning or compensation
  • Some bought the land but that resulted in gentrification in their area
  • Detroit Black Farmer Land Fund- helping other black farmers in Detroit with land security
• Repurposing underused or abandoned infrastructure into parks or riverfronts and the effect on current residents (Immergluck and Balan 2018: 5)
  • High Line in NY brought in retail and residential development in addition to the environmental development- attracted wealthier people, and raised housing prices
• Planning for affordable housing amidst development (Immergluck and Balan 2018: 6-7)
  • context of beltline: planned to set aside money to build affordable housing, no plans for keeping housing affordable for existing residents