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The Requiem by the Hungarian composer György Ligeti is a large-scale choral and orchestral composition, premiered in 1965.

The work lasts for just under half an hour, and is in four movements: Introitus a gradual unbroken plane of sound moving from "mourning into the promise of eternal light". The Kyrie is a complex polyphonic movement reaching a fortissimo climax. The Dies Irae uses vocal and orchestral extremes in theatrical gestures, and the closing Lacrimosa, for soloists and orchestra only, returns to the subdued atmosphere of the opening.

Composition

Ligeti was commissioned to write a work in 1961 for a series of new music concerts on Swedish Radio. It was he who suggested a Requiem, and had initially intended to set the full text of the Requiem mass. However he ultimately decided that to set around half the text met his structural needs. As such, the work consists of an Introitus, followed by Kyrie, De die judicii sequentia, and finally Lacrimosa. Ligeti spent nine months working on the six-minute Kyrie section, which featured the most complex polyphony he had ever attempted, featuring twenty vocal lines, although as Harold Kaufmann notes, "it refers back... to the classical vocal polyphony of the old masters".

Ligeti scored the work for large choral forces, featuring two mixed choirs and soprano and mezzo-soprano soloists. To the orchestral forces he added a harpsichord and celesta.

Volumes in print

The list below is of the volumes that are in print in 2014. Since 1962, many (although not yet all) of the volumes have been updated to reflect architectural-history scholarship and to include significant new buildings. Beginning in 1983, a larger format was introduced, and all subsequent new editions have been issued in this format. As of 2014, the oldest unrevised volumes are Warwickshire and Yorkshire: The North Riding (both 1966). All editions are now published by Yale University Press. Those volumes marked with an asterisk remain in the original, smaller format.

Title (Current Edition)	First Edition	Co-author(s)	Second Edition	Co-author(s)	Third Edition	Co-author(s)	ISBN
Bedfordshire, Huntingdon & Peterborough	1968		2014	Charles O'Brien			ISBN 978-0-300-20821-4
Berkshire	1966		2010	Geoffrey Tyack, Simon Bradley			ISBN 978-0-300-12662-4
Buckinghamshire	1960		1994	Elizabeth Williamson			ISBN 978-0-300-09584-5
Cambridgeshire	1954		1970		2014	Simon Bradley	ISBN 978-0-300-20596-1
Cheshire	1971	Edward Hubbard	2011	Clare Hartwell, Matthew Hyde			ISBN 978-0-300-09588-3
Cornwall	1951		1970	Enid Radcliffe	2014	Peter Beacham	ISBN 978-0-300-12668-6
County Durham*	1953		1983	Elizabeth Williamson			ISBN 978-0-300-09599-9
Cumbria	19671		2010	Matthew Hyde			ISBN 978-0-300-12663-1
Derbyshire*	1953		1978	Elizabeth Williamson			ISBN 978-0-300-09591-3
Devon	19522		1989	Bridget Cherry			ISBN 978-0-300-09596-8
Dorset*	1972	John Newman					ISBN 978-0-300-09598-2
Essex	1954		1965	Enid Radcliffe	2007	James Bettley	ISBN 978-0-300-09601-9
Gloucestershire 1: The Cotswolds	1970	David Verey3	1999	Alan Brooks			ISBN 978-0-300-09604-0
Gloucestershire 2: The Vale and Forest of Dean	1970	David Verey3	2002	Alan Brooks			ISBN 978-0-300-09733-7
The Isle of Wight	19674	David W. Lloyd	2006	David W. Lloyd			ISBN 978-0-300-10733-3
Hampshire and the Isle of Wight*	1967	David W. Lloyd					ISBN 978-0-300-09606-4
Hampshire: Winchester and The North	19675	David W. Lloyd	2010	Michael Bullen, John Crook, Rodney Hubbuck			ISBN 978-0-300-12084-4
Herefordshire	1963		2012	Alan Brooks			ISBN 978-0-300-12575-7
Hertfordshire*	1953		1977	Bridget Cherry			ISBN 978-0-300-09611-8
Kent: North East and East	1969	John Newman3	1983	John Newman3			ISBN 978-0-300-09613-2
Kent: West and the Weald	1969	John Newman3	1976	John Newman3	2012	John Newman3	ISBN 978-0-300-09614-9
Lancashire: Liverpool and the South West	19696		2006	Richard Pollard			ISBN 978-0-300-10910-8
Lancashire: Manchester and the South East	19696		2004	Clare Hartwell, Matthew Hyde			ISBN 978-0-300-10583-4
Lancashire: North	1969		2009	Clare Hartwell			ISBN 978-0-300-12667-9
Leicestershire and Rutland	1960		1984	Elizabeth Williamson			ISBN 978-0-300-09618-7
Lincolnshire	1964	John Harris	1989	Nicholas Antram			ISBN 978-0-300-09620-0
London 1: The City of London	19577		19627		19737 1997 (4th)8	Bridget Cherry Simon Bradley	ISBN 978-0-300-09624-8
London 2: South	19529		1983	Bridget Cherry			ISBN 978-0-300-09651-4
London 3: North West	195110 19528		1991	Bridget Cherry			ISBN 978-0-300-09652-1
London 4: North	195110 19528		1998	Bridget Cherry			ISBN 978-0-300-09653-8
London 5: East	19529		199811	Elizabeth Williamson	2004	Bridget Cherry, Charles O'Brien	ISBN 978-0-300-10701-2
London 6: Westminster	19577		19627		19737 2003 (4th)8	Bridget Cherry Simon Bradley	ISBN 978-0-300-09595-1
Norfolk 1: Norwich and North East	1962		1997	Bill Wilson			ISBN 978-0-300-09607-1
Norfolk 2: South and West	1962		1999	Bill Wilson			ISBN 978-0-300-09657-6
Northamptonshire	1961		1973	Bridget Cherry	2013	Bruce Bailey	ISBN 978-0-300-18507-2
Northumberland	1957	(Ian A. Richmond)12	1992	John Grundy, Grace McCombie, Peter Ryder, Humphrey Welfare			ISBN 978-0-300-09638-5
Nottinghamshire*	1951		1979	Elizabeth Williamson			ISBN 978-0-300-09636-1
Oxfordshire*	1974	Jennifer Sherwood					ISBN 978-0-300-09639-2
Shropshire	1958		2006	John Newman			ISBN 978-0-300-09642-2
Somerset: North and Bristol	1958		2011	Andrew Foyle			ISBN 978-0-300-09640-8
Somerset: South and West	1958		2014	Julian Orbach			ISBN 978-0-300-20740-8
Staffordshire*	1974						ISBN 978-0-300-09646-0
Suffolk*	1961		1974	Enid Radcliffe			ISBN 978-0-300-09648-4
Surrey*	1962	Ian Nairn	1971	Bridget Cherry			ISBN 978-0-300-09675-0
Sussex*	1965	Ian Nairn					ISBN 978-0-300-09677-4
Sussex: East with Brighton and Hove	196513	(Ian Nairn)14	2013	Nicholas Antram			ISBN 978-0-300-18473-0
Warwickshire*	1966	Alexandra Wedgwood					ISBN 978-0-300-09679-8
Wiltshire*	1963		1975	Bridget Cherry			ISBN 978-0-300-09659-0
Worcestershire	1968		2007	Alan Brooks			ISBN 978-0-300-11298-6
Yorkshire: The North Riding*	1966						ISBN 978-0-300-09665-1
Yorkshire: The West Riding*	1959		1967	Enid Radcliffe			ISBN 978-0-14-071017-5
Yorkshire: The West Riding: Leeds, Bradford and the North	195915		1967	Enid Radcliffe	2009	Peter Leach	ISBN 978-0-300-12665-5
Yorkshire: York and The East Riding	1972		1995	David Neave			ISBN 978-0-300-09593-7

Notes

Note 1: First published as Cumberland and Westmorland - see Superseded Volumes.
Note 2: First published as two volumes: North Devon and South Devon - see Superseded Volumes.
Note 3: Sole credited author.
Note 4: First published as Hampshire and the Isle of Wight - see below.
Note 5: First published as Hampshire and the Isle of Wight - see above.
Note 6: First published as Lancashire 1: The Industrial and Commercial South - see Superseded Volumes.
Note 7: First published as London: The Cities of London and Westminster - see Superseded Volumes.
Note 8: Not identified as a Fourth Edition in the text but as a 'successor volume'.
Note 9: First published as London, except the Cities of London and Westminster - see Superseded Volumes.
Note 10: First published as Middlesex - see Superseded Volumes.
Note 11: Docklands area only - See Superseded Volumes.
Note 12: Ian Richmond credited as a contributor rather than co-author.
Note 13: First published as Sussex - see above.
Note 14: Ian Nairn was only indirectly involved in the text under revision in this volume.
Note 15: First published as Yorkshire: The West Riding - see above.

Michael Aldred (6 July 1945 - 15 April 1995) was a British record producer and music journalist. However he is probably best remembered as co-presenter of the 1960s music show Ready Steady Go!.

Life and Career

Aldred attended Emanuel School, London from 1956 to 1963. In 1964 he auditioned for the role of 'teenage adviser' in a pop music series for Rediffusion entitled Ready Steady Go, which had been running since August of the previous year and presented by Keith Fordyce. It was about to be broadcast across the ITV network, and producer Elkan Allan was keen to differentiate its style from similar BBC productions which had been fronted by presenters visibly older than the target audience. Other auditionees included Anne Nightingale and Cathy McGowan. Fordyce and Allan decided to select Aldred and McGowan. At the time of his debut, Aldred was aged 18 years and 5 months, by some margin the youngest presenter of any programme on British television. He remained with the programme for six months, after which McGowan was promoted to co-presenter with Fordyce.

Aldred moved on to music journalism, contributing to a number of pop magazines of the time. Some of these articles were written under his own name, others under pseudonyms, one of which was 'Gary Glitter'. Paul Gadd - a runner on Ready Steady Go, later appropriated it as his own stage name. Aldred's other work included an article entitled "Why I'd Send A Valentine to Marianne Faithfull" for Fabulous magazine in 1965. Despite the article's sentiments, Aldred was gay - and according to a number of writers, had brief affairs with Dave Davies of The Kinks and Andrew Oldham, manager of The Rolling Stones, who he had met through Brian Jones.

After an abortive attempt at a recording career of his own, Aldred moved into music production, his relative youth in what was already a youthful industry earning him the nickname 'Teenage' Aldred. His work included recordings for Billie Davis (for whom he also wrote some songs) and Wayne Fontana, with whom in 1970 he recorded a demo version of "Give Me Just A Little More Time" for Philips. However they were beaten to the release by the version by Chairmen of the Board which went to No. 3 in the charts. He also produced a number of singles for Timebox.

In the mid-1970s, Aldred moved to the United States where he continued in music production and writing, acting as reviewer for magazines such as Goldmine and Audio. Amongst his work at this time was a substantial article on the recording technique of Phil Spector which was run across two editions of Goldmine in 1988.

Partial Discography

Label and Record No.	Artist	Tracks	Release Date	Credited as
Pye 7N 17181	Michael Aldred	Just Around The Corner / Don't Make Promises	1/10/66	Performer
Polydor 56134	Gary James	Nicole / You're Gone	1/12/66	Producer, Composer (B side)
Decca F 12620	Billie Davis	Wasn't It You / Until It's Time For You To Go	2/6/67	Producer
Deram DM 153	Timebox	Don't Make Promises / Walking Through the Streets of My Mind	20/10/67	Producer
Decca F 12696	Billie Davis	Angel Of The Morning / Darling Be Home Soon	17/1/67	Producer
Deram DR 41.826	Timebox	Come On Up / A Woman That's Waiting	1/4/68	Producer
Deram DM 194	Timebox	Beggin' / A Woman That's Waiting	30/5/68	Producer
Decca F 12823	Billie Davis	I Want You To Be My Baby / Suffer	1/8/68	Producer, Musical Director
Deram 219	Timebox	Girl Don't Make Me Wait / Gone Is The Sad Man	1/11/68	Producer
Decca F 12870	Billie Davis	Make The Feeling Go Away / I'll Come Home	1/1/69	Producer, Musical Director, Composer (B side)
Decca F 12923	Billie Davis	I Can Remember / Nobody's Home To Go To	1/5/69	Producer, Musical Director
Decca F 12977	Billie Davis	Nights In White Satin / It's Over	7/11/69	Producer
Zafiro OOX-218	Marisol	Mamy Panchita	?/?/70	Producer
Zafiro OOX-223	Marisol	Desde Que Tu No Estás / Eres Un Ángel	?/?/70	Producer
Movie Play ??	Camilo Sexto	Llegara el Verano / Sin Direccion	?/?/70	Producer
RCA 1906	Miki Antony	Cinnamon / Easy Rider	9/1/70	Producer, Musical Director
Philips 6006 035	Wayne Fontana	Give Me Just A Little More Time	1/8/70	Producer
Penny Farthing PEN 766	Faith Brown	Any Way You Want Me / City Wine	1/1/71	Producer, Composer (B side)
Novola P-27	Juan Pardo	Cuando Te Enamores	?/?/71	Producer
Threshold 45-67008	Sue Vickers	Loving You The Way I Do / Take Me With You	1/2/72	Producer
Deram 45-7534	Hollywood Freeway	I’ve Been Moved / Cool Calamares	28/4/72	Producer, Composer (B side)

References

Category:1945 births Category:1995 deaths Category:People from London Category:People educated at Emanuel School Category:English record producers Category:English music writers

Fabulous 208 (retitled Fab 208 after August 1975) was a British pop music magazine.

Published weekly between 1964 and 1980 by Fleetway (later IPC Magazines) and aimed at the teenage market, it ran for almost 900 issues, and oversaw a period of considerable change in popular music consumption, from the early years of The Beatles' career to the growth of the music video. Many of its contributors began their professional careers with the magazine including photographers David Steen, and Robert Whitaker and writers Quentin Crewe, Shena Mackay, Neil Aspinall, Michael Aldred, .

First published as Fabulous on 16 January 1964, The Beatles appeared on the front cover, espousing the magazine's (then) USP: full-colour pinups. At the time, Fabulous's competition - chiefly New Musical Express and Melody Maker - were newsprint publications. As Paul Jobling and David Crowley note, The Beatles went on to appear in every edition of the magazine for the next two years, and several early editions featured no other artists. In June 1966, after a deal with Radio Luxembourg to carry its programme listings and related items, the magazine was retitled Fabulous 208 - 208 metres being Radio Luxembourg's broadcast wavelength. At its peak it had a circulation of 250,000, and for the majority of the 1960s had the biggest market share of its type.

An innovation in the magazine's early years was celebrity guest editors, who included Donovan, The Kinks and Dave Dee, Dozy, Beaky, Mick and Tich.

Although its focus was pop music, Fabulous 208 was the first magazine of its type to cover other pop culture genres: fashion, films and television, and this later extended beyond the media to celebrity footballers such as George Best - a trend which was widely emulated in the late 60s and beyond, most notably by the ITV-sponsored Look-In.

Its readership had always been predominantly female, but as it moved into the 1970s the magazine repositioned itself more explicitly as a girl's publication, placing itself in competition with titles such as Jackie (which itself had launched only weeks after Fabulous) with more fashion features, and models replacing pop stars on the cover in most weeks. By the end of the 1970s it was being outsold by both Jackie and on the pop front by newly-launched titles such as Smash Hits (from 1978). After a brief spell as rebranded as Fab Hits it was published for the last time on 27 September 1980, with The Beatles once again on the front cover.

A History of Architecture on the Comparative Method is an architectural reference work by Sir Banister Fletcher, first published in 1898.

Edition	Year	Co-author(s)	Notes	ISBN (where applicable)
1st	1896	Banister Fletcher (Senior)	Co-written with Fletcher's father
2nd	1896		Reprint of First Edition, with corrections.
3rd	1897
4th	1901		Major revision. Text now included Indian, Chinese, Japanese, Central American, and Saracenic architecture.
5th	1905
6th	1921	Alice Bretherton	Major revision. Fletcher's father's name removed from title page
7th	1924
8th	1928
9th	1931		Major revision
10th	1940
11th	1943
12th	1945
13th	1946
14th	1948
15th	1950
16th	1954		Final edition published by Batsford
17th	1961	R.A. Cordingley	Major revision, first after Fletcher's death. Published by the Athlone Press	ISBN 0-485-55000-8
18th	1975	J.C. Palmes	Retitled Sir Banister Fletcher's History of Architecture	ISBN 978-0-485-55001-6
19th	1987	John Musgrove (editor)	Published by the Architectural Press	ISBN 978-0-408-01587-5
20th	1996	Dan Cruikshank (editor)	Published by Routledge	ISBN 978-0-750-62267-7
21st	(2017)	Murray Fraser(editor)	Retitled Sir Banister Fletcher's Global History of Architecture. First complete re-write, divided into two volumes. Online interactive version. Published by Bloomsbury	ISBN 978-1-472-58998-9