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During neural crest cell development, anosmin-1 plays a role in cranial neural cell formation by spatiotemporal regulation. Secreated anosmin-1 enhances FGF activity by promoting FGF8-FGFR1 complex formation, whereas inhibits both BMP5 and WNT3A activities. As a results, orchestrated regulation of FGF, BMP, and WNT by anosmin-1 control EMT and MET during neural crest cell development. In human retinal pigment epithelial cell(RPE), the expression of anosmin-1 is regulated by TGF-β which remain to be investigated.


Endo, Yukinori; Ishiwata-Endo, Hiroko; Yamada, Kenneth M. (2012). "Extracellular matrix protein anosmin promote neural crest formation and regulates FGF, BMP, and WNT activities". Developmental Cell. 23 (2): 305–316. doi:10.1016/j.devcel.2012.07.006. PMC 3422507. PMID 22898776. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)CS1 maint: date and year (link)

Raju, R.; Jian, B.; Hooks, J. J.; Nagineni, C. N. (25). "Transforming growth factor-β regulates the expression of anosmin (KAL-1) in human retinal pigment epithelial cells". Cytokine. S1043-4666(12)00829-0. 61 (3): 724–727. doi:10.1016/j.cyto.2012.12.019. PMC 3595383. PMID 23357298. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= and |year= / |date= mismatch (help); Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)