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The Hundred Peaceful and Wrathful Deities (Tib. ཞི་ཁྲོ་རིགས་བརྒྱ་, Wyl. zhi khro rigs brgya) include the forty-two peaceful deities and fifty-eight wrathful deities. They feature in several practices and cycles of teachings, most notably the Tibetan Book of the Dead and the Guhyagarbha Tantra, which is the primary source describing this mandala.
Forty-two Peaceful Deities
[edit]The forty-two peaceful deities (Tib. shyiwé lha shyé nyi; Wyl. zhi ba'i lha zhe gnyis) belong to the mandala of the Hundred Peaceful and Wrathful Deities, and feature in several practices and cycles of teachings, most notably the Tibetan Book of the Dead and the Guhyagarbha Tantra. The eminate from the heart at the cardinal directions, with east at the top. They represent natural quiescence purity. They are:
Dharmakaya (2)
[edit]Samantabadra
[edit]Samantabhadra (Skt.; Tib. ཀུན་ཏུ་བཟང་པོ་, Kuntuzangpo; Wyl. kun tu bzang po) — In the Dzogchen teachings, our true nature, that state of the Ground, is given the name the 'Primordial Buddha'. He is depicted as a buddha, sky-blue in colour, sitting in the vast expanse of space, and encircled by an aura of rainbow light. He is completely naked, meaning unstained by any trace of concept. His name, Kuntuzangpo in Tibetan, Samantabhadra in Sanskrit, means ‘always good', ‘always well’ or ‘unchanging goodness.’ What this signifies is that unchanging goodness, or fundamental goodness, is our ultimate nature.
Samantabadri
[edit]Samantabhadri (Tib. ཀུན་ཏུ་བཟང་མོ་, Kuntu Zangmo) is the female consort of Samantabhadra.
Sambhogakaya (34)
[edit]Five Families (5 male, 5 female consorts)
[edit]Five buddha families (Skt. pañcakula; Wyl. rigs lnga, Tib. rik nga) —
- buddha family (Skt. tathāgatakula; Wyl. de bzhin gshegs pa'i rigs)
- vajra family (Skt. vajrakula; Wyl. rdo rje'i rigs)
- ratna or jewel family (Skt. ratnakula)
- padma or lotus family (Skt. padmakula; Wyl. pad ma'i rigs)
- karma or action family (Skt. karmakula)
Five Buddha Families Table | ||||||
both | family | buddha | vajra | ratna | padma | karma |
direction | centre | east | south | west | north | |
colour | white | blue | yellow | red | green | |
family symbol | eight-spoked wheel | vajra | jewel | lotus | double vajra or sword | |
male | masculine buddha | Vairochana | Vajrasattva-Akshobhya | Ratnasambhava | Amitabha | Amoghasiddhi |
implements | buddha hands | R:dorje L:bell | R counch L:bell | R:dorje L:bell | R:double dorje L:bell | |
pristine wisdom cognition | dharmadhatu | mirror-like | equality | discernment | all-accomplishing | |
poison | delusion or ignorance | anger | pride | desire | jealousy | |
female | feminine buddha | Akasadhatvisvari | Buddhalochana or Mamaki | Mamaki or Lochana | Pandaravasini | Samayatara |
implements | buddha hands | R:dorje L:bell | R counch L:bell | R:dorje L:bell | R:double dorje L:bell | |
skhanda natural purity | form | consciousness | feeling | perception | formations | |
element | space | water | earth | fire | air |
The Bodhisattvas (8 male, 8 female)
[edit]Eight Great Bodhisattvas, or 'Eight Close Sons' (Skt. aṣṭa utaputra; Tib. ཉེ་བའི་སྲས་བརྒྱད་, Wyl. nye ba'i sras brgyad) — the main bodhisattvas in the retinue of Buddha Shakyamuni:
Bodhisattvas | |||||||||||
Family | Male Bodhisattvas | Female Bodhisattvas | |||||||||
Position | Male name | Personification | Implements | Natural Purity Consciousnesses Class | Position | Female name | Offering Goddess | Consciousness Object | Implements | ||
Vajra | left | Maitreya, བྱམས་པ་མགོན་པོ] | activity, embodies love | R: mudra L:malla | auditory | behind | Pūṣpā; Tib. Metokma Wyl. me tog ma | flowers | past thoughts | R:air L:knife | |
right | Kshitigarbha, ས་ཡི་སྙིང་པོ] or སའི་སྙིང་པོ་ | merit, increases the richness and fertility of the land | R:feather L:bell | visual | front | Lāsyā; Tib. Gekpama; Wyl. sgeg pa ma | beauty | visual | R:dharma wheel L:pinch | ||
Ratna | left | Akashagarbha, ནམ་མཁའི་སྙིང་པོ] | blessings, has the perfect ability to purify transgressions | R:sword L:bell | gustatoryx | behind | Dhupā; Tib. Dukpöma; Wyl.bdug spos ma | incense | fragrance | R:vase L:mudra | |
light | Samantabhadra, ཀུན་ཏུ་བཟང་པོ | aspirations, displays special expertise in making offerings and prayers | R:bell L:earth touching | olfactory | front | Mālyā; Tib. Trengwama; Wyl. phreng ba ma | garlands | intermediate thought | long malla | ||
Padma | left | Mañjushri, འཇམ་དཔལ་ or འཇམ་དཔལ་དབྱངས་ | embodies wisdom | R:sword L:mudra | mental | behind | (Alokā; Tib. Marmema or Nangselma; Wyl. mar me ma/snang gsal ma) | light | future thoughts | R:dorje L:bell | |
right | Avalokiteshvara, སྤྱན་རས་གཟིགས་ | embodies compassion | R:flower L:caunch | tactile | front | Gītā; Tib. Luma; Wyl. glu ma | song | sound | lute | ||
Karma | left | Vajrapani, ཕྱག་ན་རྡོ་རྗེ་ | represents power | R:dorje L:bell | defiled | behind | Nirtī; Garma; Wyl. gar ma | dance | taste | plate | |
right | Sarvanivaranavishkambhin, སྒྲིབ་པ་རྣམ་སེལ་ | qualities, purifies wrong-doing and obstructions | R:book L:dorje | all ground | front | .Gandhā; Tib. Drichabma; Wyl. dri chab ma | perfume | present thought | knife |
The Four Male Gate Keepers
[edit]The four male gatekeepers (Wyl. sgo ba yab bzhi), who are counted among the forty-two peaceful deities, are:
- Achala, guarding the east gate (or Vijaya, or Mahabala?)
- Yamantaka, guarding the south gate
- Hayagriva, guarding the west gate
- Amritakundali, guarding the north gate
The Four Female Gate Keepers
[edit]- Ankusha (Skt. Aṅkuśā; Wyl. lcags kyu ma or rta gdong ma) also called 'Horse Face' or 'Iron Hook', guarding the east gate and in union with Vijaya (or Achala?)
- Pasha (Skt. Pāśā; Wyl. zhags pa ma or phag gdong ma) also called 'Sow Face' or 'the Noose', guarding the south gate and in union with Yamantaka
- Shrinkhala (Skt. Śriṅkhalā; Wyl. lcags sgrog ma or seng gdong ma) also called 'Lion Face' or 'Iron Chain', guarding the west gate and in union with Hayagriva
- Ghanta (Skt. Ghaṇtā; Wyl. dril bu ma or spyang gdong ma) also called 'Wolf Face' or 'the Bell', guarding the north gate and in union with Amritakundali.
These deities are also described as the deities of the three seats.
Nirmāṇakāya (6)
[edit]The Six Munis
[edit]The Six Munis (Skt.; Tib. Tubpa Druk; Tib. ཐུབ་པ་དྲུག་, Wyl. thub pa drug) are the supreme nirmanakaya buddhas for each of the six classes of beings. They are:
- Indra Kaushika (Skt.; Tib. དབང་པོ་བརྒྱ་བྱིན་, Wangpo Gyajin; Wyl. dbang po brgya byin) for the god realms, pride
- Vemachitra (Skt. Vemacitra; Tib. ཐགས་བཟང་རིས་, Taksangri; Wyl. thags bzang ris) for the demi-gods or asura realms. jealousy
- Shakyamuni (Tib. ཤཱཀྱ་ཐབ་པ་, Wyl. shAkya thub pa) for the human realm, desire
- Shravasingha or Dhruvasiṃha (Skt.; Tib. སེང་གེ་རབ་བརྟན་, Sengé Rabten; Wyl. seng ge rab brtan) for the animal realm, stupidity
- Jvālamukhadeva (Skt.; Tib. ཁ་འབར་དེ་བ་, Khabar Dewa; Wyl. kha ‘bar de ba) for the preta realms, miserliness
- Dharmarāja (Skt.; Tib. ཆོས་ཀྱི་རྒྱལ་པོ་, Chökyi Gyalpo; Wyl. chos kyi rgyal po) for the hell realms, anger
Six classes of beings (Skt. ṣaḍgati; Wyl. rigs drug) — the major modes of existence within samsara, each caused and dominated by a particular destructive emotion: