Участник:Ugol24d/Черновик

Материал из Википедии — свободной энциклопедии
Перейти к навигации Перейти к поиску
Файл:IGEM-From-Above-big-WithLogo.jpg
iGEM 2006 from above.

Конкурс International Genetically Engineered Machine (iGEM) - это всемирное соревнование по синтетической биологии, которое изначально предназначалось для студентов бакалавриата, но с тех пор расширилось за счет включения подразделений для старшеклассников, предпринимателей и общественных лабораторий, а также для «выпускников».

Детали конкурса

[править | править код]

Student teams are given a kit (so called ‘Distribution Kit’) of standard, interchangeable parts (so called 'BioBricks') at the beginning of the summer from the Registry of Standard Biological Parts comprising various genetic components such as promoters, terminators, reporter elements, and plasmid backbones. Working at their local laboratories over the summer, they use these parts and new parts of their own design to build biological systems and operate them in living cells.

The teams are free to choose a project, which can build on previous projects or be new to iGEM. Successful projects produce cells that exhibit new and unusual properties by engineering sets of multiple genes together with mechanisms to regulate their expression.

At the end of the summer, the teams add their new BioBricks to the Parts Registry and the scientific community can build upon the expanded set of BioBricks in the next year.

At the annual ‘iGEM Jamboree’ teams from all continents meet in Boston for a scientific conference where they present their projects to each other and to a scientific jury of ~120 judges. The judges are awarding medals, special prizes to the teams and select a ‘Grand Prize Winner’ team as well as ‘Runner-Up’ teams in each division (High School, Undergraduate and Overgraduate).

Awards & Judging in the iGEM competition

[править | править код]

Each participant receives a participating certificate (see fig. below) and has the possibility to earn medals (bronze, silver and gold; see fig. below) with their team depending on different criteria that the team fulfilled in the competitions. For a bronze medal it is for example necessary to submit a new part to the Parts Registry, for a silver medal the team is required to document the functionality of a part and for a gold medal it is finally, among other criteria, necessary to obtain a proof-of-principle for the team's project.

In 2016 as an example, 300 teams participated in the competition from which 37% received a gold medal, 25% a silver medal, 26% a bronze medal and 12% were not awarded a medal.

In each division, the best performance in a certain aspect of the competition is honored with special prizes. The special prizes include: 'Best Project' in the respective categories (app. 10 categories), 'Best Art & Design', 'Best Hardware', 'Best Measurement', 'Best Software', 'Best Human Practices', 'Best Model', 'Best New Part', 'Best Poster', 'Best Presentation', 'Best Wiki' and others depending on the competition year. Together with individual certificates, the teams are given glass trophies for each special prize (see fig. below).

From all teams in a respective division, a number of finalists are selected (1 to 6, depending on year and division) that are allowed to present their project again in front of all Jamboree participants. From the presented projects all judges select the winner of this year's iGEM competitions, the Grand Prize Winner-team that is awarded a big metal Lego-brick (see fig. below). The winning team may keep this challenge trophy for a year until it gets awarded to the next 'Grand Prize Winner'. Participants of a 'Grand Prize Winner'-team are also given challenge coins of the respective year (see fig. below).

  • Participant's certificate
    Participant's certificate
  • Gold medal sticker
    Gold medal sticker

История конкурса

[править | править код]
Growth of the annual iGEM Jamboree[1]
Year No. of participants
2004
31(5 teams)
2005
125(13 teams)
2006
723(32 teams)
2007
777(54 teams)
2008
1248(88 teams)
2009
1840(113 teams)
2010
2327(128 teams)
2011
2586(165 teams)
2012
3696(190 teams)
2013
4027(215 teams)
2014
4515(245 teams)
2015
5018(280 teams)
2016
4432(300 teams)
2017
5400(310 teams)

iGEM developed out of student projects conducted during MIT's Independent Activities Periods in 2003 and 2004.[2][3] Later in 2004, a competition with five teams from various schools was held. In 2005, teams from outside the United States took part for the first time.[4] Since then iGEM has continued to grow, with 130 teams entering in 2010.[5] Randy Rettberg, an engineer who has worked for technology companies including Apple, Sun and BBN,[6] is the founder and director of the iGEM competition.

Because of this increasing size, in the years 2011 - 2013 the competition was split into three regions: Europe, the Americas, and Asia (though teams from Africa and Australia also entered via "Europe" and "Asia" respectively).[7] Regional jamborees occurred during October; and some subset of teams attending those events were selected to advance to the World Championship at MIT in November.[8]

In January 2012 the iGEM Foundation was spun out of MIT as an independent non-profit organization located in Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA. The iGEM Foundation supports scientific research and education through operating the iGEM competition. The same year, iGEM expanded into having not only the Collegiate division, but also competitions for entrepreneurs and high school students.

For their tenth anniversary, iGEM added new tracks to the existing ones: Art & Design, Community Labs, Entrepreneurship, Measurement, Microfluidics, Policy & Practice, and Software. Although Entrepreneurship and Software were tracks in previous years, in 2014 they were made more distinct in terms of their judging requirements.[9] Furthermore, in 2014 iGEM did not have regional jamborees, but instead hosted a giant jamboree so every team could participate in one conference in Cambridge unlike in previous years where only the regional finalists were brought to Cambridge.[10]

Broader goals

[править | править код]

Beyond just building biological systems, broader goals of iGEM include:

  • To enable the systematic engineering of biology.
  • To promote the open and transparent development of tools for engineering biology.
  • And to help construct a society that can productively and safely[11] apply biological technology.

iGEM's dual aspects of self-organization and imaginative manipulation of genetic material have demonstrated a new way to arouse student interest in modern biology and to develop their independent learning skills.

Результаты конкурса

[править | править код]
Best iGEM Medal by Country - All Divisions. Gold Medal  Silver Medal  Bronze Medal


High School Division

[править | править код]
Grand Prize Winners by Country/Region - High School. 1 Title  2 Titles  3 Titles  4 Titles
Top High School Teams by Year
Grand Prize 2nd 3rd Complete Results
2020 TAS Taipei Китайская Республика (Тайвань) GreatBay SCIE Китай[note 1] iGEM 2020
2019 GreatBay SZ Китай iGEM 2019
2018 GreatBay China Китай[note 2] iGEM 2018
2017 TAS Taipei Китайская Республика (Тайвань) iGEM 2017
2016 HSiTAIWAN Китайская Республика (Тайвань) iGEM 2016
2015 TAS Taipei Китайская Республика (Тайвань) iGEM HS 2015
2014 CSIA-SouthKorea Республика Корея TP CC-SanDiego Соединённые Штаты Америки[note 3] TAS TaipeiКитайская Республика (Тайвань) iGEM HS 2014
2013 Lethbridge Canada Канада AUC Turkey Турция CIDEB-UANL Mexico Мексика iGEM HS 2013
2012 Heidelberg LSL Германия NC School of Sci Math Соединённые Штаты Америки CIDEB-UANL Mexico Мексика iGEM HS 2012
2011 Years prior to 2012 had no separate high school division.

Undergraduate Division

[править | править код]
Grand Prize Winners by Country/Region - Undergrad. 1 Title  2 Titles  3 Titles
Top Undergraduate Teams by Year
Grand Prize 2nd 3rd Complete Results
2020 Vilnius-Lithuania Литва Toulouse INSA-UPS Франция XMU China Китай iGEM 2020
2019 NCKU Tainan Китайская Республика (Тайвань) Calgary Канада TU Kaiserslautern Германия iGEM 2019
2018 Valencia Испания UC San Diego Соединённые Штаты Америки SZU-China Китай iGEM 2018
2017 Vilnius-Lithuania Литва William and Mary Соединённые Штаты Америки Heidelberg Германия iGEM 2017
2016 Imperial Великобритания Sydney Australia Австралия SCAU-China Китай iGEM 2016
2015 William and Mary Соединённые Штаты Америки Czech Republic Чехия Heidelberg Германия iGEM 2015
2014 Heidelberg Германия Imperial Великобритания NCTU Formosa Китайская Республика (Тайвань) iGEM 2014
2013 Heidelberg Германия TU Munich Германия Imperial Великобритания iGEM 2013[note 4]
2012 Groningen Нидерланды Ljubljana Словения Paris Bettencourt Франция[note 5] LMU Munich Германия iGEM 2012
2011 Washington Соединённые Штаты Америки Imperial Великобритания ZJU China Китай MIT Соединённые Штаты Америки iGEM 2011 [note 6]
2010 Ljubljana Словения Peking Китай BCCS Bristol Великобритания Cambridge Великобритания Imperial Великобритания TU Delft Нидерланды iGEM 2010
2009 Cambridge Великобритания Heidelberg Германия Valencia Испания Freiburg Германия Groningen Нидерланды Imperial Великобритания iGEM 2009
2008 Ljubljana Словения Freiburg Германия Caltech Соединённые Штаты Америки Harvard Соединённые Штаты Америки NYMU Taipei Китайская Республика (Тайвань) UC Berkeley Соединённые Штаты Америки iGEM 2008
2007 Peking Китай Paris Франция Ljubljana Словения UC Berkeley Соединённые Штаты Америки UCSF Соединённые Штаты Америки USTC Китай iGEM 2007 [note 7]
2006 Ljubljana Словения Imperial Великобритания Princeton Соединённые Штаты Америки iGEM 2006
2005 Years prior to 2006 had no specific winners. iGEM 2005
2004 IAP 2004, SBC 2004
2003 IAP 2003

Overgraduate Division

[править | править код]
Grand Prize Winners by Country/Region - Overgrad. 1 Title  2 Titles  3 Titles


Top Overgraduate Teams by Year
Grand Prize 2nd 3rd Complete Results
2020 Leiden Нидерланды Aachen Германия iGEM 2020
2019 EPFL Швейцария Wageningen UR Нидерланды iGEM 2019
2018 Marburg Германия Munich Германия iGEM 2018
2017 TU Delft Нидерланды Munich Германия[note 8] iGEM 2017
2016 Munich Германия[note 9] Wageningen UR Нидерланды iGEM 2016
2015 TU Delft Нидерланды BGU Israel Израиль iGEM 2015
2014 UC Davis Соединённые Штаты Америки Wageningen Нидерланды TU Darmstadt Германия iGEM 2014
2013 Paris Bettencourt Франция Bielefeld Германия Sun Yat-sen Китай iGEM 2013[note 10]
2012 Years prior to 2013 had no separate overgraduate division.

Notes

[править | править код]

References

[править | править код]
  1. ↑ Previous iGEM Competitions. igem.org. Дата обращения: 4 августа 2017.
  2. ↑ Learn about iGEM. Дата обращения: 6 мая 2013.
  3. ↑ Trafton, Anne Rewiring Cells. Technology Review.
  4. ↑ iGEM 2005. Дата обращения: 6 мая 2013.
  5. ↑ Previous iGEM Competitions. iGEM. Дата обращения: 12 ноября 2011.
  6. ↑ Rettberg, R.; Dally, W.J.; Culler, D.E. (1998). "The Bleeding Edge". IEEE Micro. 18. IEEE: 10—11. doi:10.1109/MM.1998.653009.
  7. ↑ Team List 2011. iGEM. Дата обращения: 18 октября 2014.
  8. ↑ Jamborees. iGEM. Дата обращения: 18 октября 2014.
  9. ↑ Tracks 2014. iGEM. Дата обращения: 24 октября 2014.
  10. ↑ Giant Jamboree. iGEM. Дата обращения: 24 октября 2014.
  11. ↑ Guan, Zheng-jun; Schmidt, Markus; Pei, Lei; Wei, Wei; Ma, Ke-Ping (2013). "Biosafety Considerations of Synthetic Biology in the International Genetically Engineered Machine (iGEM) Competition". BioScience. 63: 25—34. doi:10.1525/bio.2013.63.1.7.

Further reading

[править | править код]
[править | править код]

Category:Educational organizations based in the United States Category:Genetic engineering in the United States Category:Massachusetts Institute of Technology Category:Recurring events established in 2003 Category:Synthetic biology

  1. ↑ Team from Shenzhen College of International Education (SCIE)
  2. ↑ Team from seven different high schools.
  3. ↑ Combined team from Torrey Pines High School and Canyon Crest Academy.
  4. ↑ In 2013 iGEM was divided into an undergraduate and an overgraduate section. The criterium for division was the participance of team members older than 23 years.
  5. ↑ Students were from different universities of Paris (Paris Descartes University, Paris Diderot University, Pierre and Marie Curie University).
  6. ↑ As of June 2012, the 2011 results page does not include results from the Championship Jamboree; but details can be found at the Jamboree page.
  7. ↑ 2007 had six finalists but none were selected as specific runners-up.
  8. ↑ Combined team from Technische Universität München and Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München.
  9. ↑ Combined team from Technische Universität München and Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München.
  10. ↑ In 2013 iGEM was divided into an undergraduate and an overgraduate section. The criterium for division was the participance of team members older than 23 years.
Источник — https://ru.wikipedia.org/ruwiki/w/index.php?title=Участник:Ugol24d/Черновик&oldid=129082490