鮑魚

鲍鱼（英語：abalone、ⁱ/ˈæbəloʊni/或/ˌæbəˈloʊni/；借自西班牙语“abulón”，源自儒姆森语“aulón”）是对软体动物门腹足纲深海白笠目鲍科中任意一种海洋动物的通用俗称。该科曾包含六个属，但现在只包含一个属，即鮑屬（Haliotis）^[1]。目前全世界公认的鲍鱼种类数量在30^[2]到130^[3]个之间，而已描述的物种级分类单元则超过了230个。对该科最全面的统计认为其具有56个有效物种，另有18个亚种^[4]。

在英语中，除了常见的“abalone”之外，鲍鱼一词的其他常用名称还包括“ear shells”、“sea ears”，以及一些现在较为罕见的用法，比如在澳洲部分地区所使用的“muttonfish”或“muttonshells”，英国所使用的“ormer”、南非的“perlemoen”以及新西兰的“pāua”^[5]。

鲍鱼壳具有低而开放的螺旋结构，其特点是壳外缘附近有数个连续的开放呼吸孔。壳的厚内层由珍珠层组成，许多种类的珍珠层都呈虹彩，呈现出一系列强烈而多变的颜色，使鲍鱼壳成为人们的装饰品、珠宝和彩色珍珠母的来源。

鲍鱼肉被广泛认为是一种美味佳肴，在各种菜系文化中，人们都会将其生吃或煮熟食用。

参见

参考文献

^ Gofas, Tran & Bouchet 2014
^ Dauphin et al. 1989，第9頁
^ Cox 1962，第8頁
^ Geiger & Owen 2012^{[页码请求]}
^ Beesley, Ross & Wells 1998^{[页码请求]}

书目

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Cox, Keith W. California abalone, family Haliotidae. The Resources Agency of California Department of Fish and Game: Fish Bulletin. 1962, 118. ISSN 6306-2593.
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Geiger, Daniel L.; Owen, Buzz. Abalone: Worldwide Haliotidae. Hackenheim, Germany: Conchbooks. 2012. ISBN 978-3-9397-6743-5.
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拓展阅读

Field, Les. Lomawaima, K. Tsianina , 编. Abalone Tales: Collaborative Explorations of Sovereignty and Identity in Native California. Durham, NC: Duke University Press. 2008. ISBN 978-0-8223-4233-5.
Geiger, Daniel L.; Poppe, G. T. A Conchological Iconography: The family Haliotidae. Hackenheim Germany: Conchbooks. 2000.
Pollard, Graham. Abalone Fishing in South Australia (PDF). South Pacific Underwater Medicine Society Journal. 2001, 31 (3) [16 August 2014]. 原始内容存档于19 August 2014.