林仙科
林仙科 化石時期：
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|---|---|
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| Drimys winteri | |
科學分類 
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| 界： | 植物界 Plantae |
| 演化支： | 維管束植物 Tracheophyta |
| 演化支： | 被子植物 Angiosperms |
| 演化支： | 木蘭類植物 Magnoliids |
| 目： | 白樟目 Canellales |
| 科： | 林仙科 Winteraceae R.Br. 和 Lindley |
| 屬[1] | |
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見正文 | |
林仙科（學名：Winteraceae）也叫辛辣木科、冬木科、假八角科或直接音譯為溫特木科，共有9屬約120種，分佈在南半球熱帶至溫帶的廣大區域，包括澳洲、南美洲、馬達加斯加島和馬來西亞等地。
本科植物都是喬木或灌木，許多品種可以提煉香精油。單葉互生，全緣，葉背常灰白色，有細小的透明腺點，無托葉；花單生，或成頂生或腋生的聚傘花序；果實為漿果或蓇葖果，有時聚合成蒴果或聚花果。
生長在阿根廷和智利的冬木（Drimys winteri）是一種很好的觀賞樹木，花有茉莉香味，假八角（Tasmannia lanceolata）可以做調味用。
本科植物屬於比較原始的被子植物，1981年的克朗奎斯特分類法將其編入木蘭目，1998年根據基因親緣關係分類的APG 分類法認為無法列入任何一目，直接放到被子植物分支之下[2]，2003年經過修訂的APG II 分類法將其列入新設立的白樟目[3]。
下級分類
[編輯]本科包括以下屬：
- 林仙屬 Drimys Forster & G.Forst.
- Gephyrapollenites L.E.Stover, 1973
- 假林仙屬 Pseudowintera Dandy
- 塔氏林仙屬 Takhtajania Baranova & J.-F.Leroy
- 澳洲林仙屬 Tasmannia R.Br. ex DC.
- 合蕊林仙屬 Zygogynum Baill.
- Exospermum lecartii Tiegh.
- Zygogynum acsmithii Vink
- Zygogynum amplexicaule (Vieill. ex P.Parm.) Vink
- Zygogynum archboldianum (A.C.Sm.) Vink
- Zygogynum argenteum (A.C.Sm.) Vink
- Zygogynum baillonii Tiegh.
- Zygogynum bicolor Tiegh.
- Zygogynum bosavicum Vink
- Zygogynum bullatum (Diels) Vink
- Zygogynum calophyllum (A.C.Sm.) Vink
- Zygogynum calothyrsum (Diels) Vink
- Zygogynum clemensiae (A.C.Sm.) Vink
- Zygogynum comptonii (Baker fil.) Vink
- Zygogynum crassifolium (Baill.) Vink
- Zygogynum cristatum Vink
- Zygogynum cruminatum Vink
- Zygogynum cyclopensis Vink
- Zygogynum fraterculus Vink
- Zygogynum glaucum (A.C.Sm.) Vink
- Zygogynum gracile (A.C.Sm.) Vink
- Zygogynum haplopus (B.L.Burtt) Vink
- Zygogynum howeanum (F.Muell.) Vink
- Zygogynum ledermannii (Diels) Vink
- Zygogynum longifolium (A.C.Sm.) Vink
- Zygogynum mackeei Vink
- Zygogynum megacarpum (A.C.Sm.) Vink
- Zygogynum montanum (Lauterb.) Vink
- Zygogynum oligocarpum (Schltdl.) Vink
- Zygogynum oligostigma Vink
- Zygogynum pachyanthum (A.C.Sm.) Vink
- Zygogynum pancheri (Baill.) Vink
- Zygogynum pauciflorum (Baker fil.) Vink
- Zygogynum polyneurum (Diels) Vink
- Zygogynum pomiferum Baill.
- Zygogynum poratus Liang and Zhou, 2018[4]
- [昆士蘭合蕊林仙]] Zygogynum queenslandianum (Vink) Vink
- Zygogynum schlechteri (Guillaumin) Vink
- Zygogynum schramii Vink
- Zygogynum semecarpoides (F.Muell.) Vink
- Zygogynum sororium (Diels) Vink
- Zygogynum staufferianum Vink
- Zygogynum stipitatum Baill.
- Zygogynum sylvestre (A.C.Sm.) Vink
- Zygogynum tanyostigma Vink
- Zygogynum tieghemii Vink
- Zygogynum umbellatum (Ridl.) Vink
- Zygogynum vieillardii Baill.
- Zygogynum vinkii F.B.Sampson
- Zygogynum whitmoreanum Vink
參考文獻
[編輯]- ^ Stevens, P.F. Winteraceae. Angiosperm Phylogeny Website. [2016-06-18]. （原始內容存檔於2021-01-24）.
- ^ Angiosperm Phylogeny Group. An ordinal classification for the families of flowering plants. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden. 1998, 85 (4): 531–553 [2016-06-16]. JSTOR 2992015. （原始內容存檔於2021-01-12）.
- ^ Angiosperm Phylogeny Group. An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG II. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 2003, 141 (4): 399–436 [2016-06-16]. doi:10.1046/j.1095-8339.2003.t01-1-00158.x. （原始內容存檔於2017-09-08）.
- ^ Liang, Xiao-Qing,Lu, Ping,Zhang, Jian-Wei,et al. First fossils of Zygogynum from the Middle Miocene of Central Yunnan, Southwest China, and their palaeobiogeographic significance[J]. PALAEOWORLD,2018,27(3):399-409.
- Feild, Taylor S., Brodribb, Tim, Holbrook, N. Michele.（2002）. Hardly a Relict: Freezing and the Evolution of Vesselless Wood in Winteraceae. Evolution 2002 56: 464-478[永久失效連結]。