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{{Short description|Extinct genus of mammals}}
{{Taxobox
{{Speciesbox
| name = ''Huilatherium''
| fossil_range = [[Middle Miocene]] {{fossil_range|13|12}}
| fossil_range = [[Miocene|Mid Miocene]] ([[Colloncuran]]-[[Laventan]])<br />~{{fossil range|15.9|11.8}}
| image = Huilatherium color by zimices-d4rnjji.jpg
| image = Huilatherium pluriplicatum.jpg
| image_width = 250 px
| image_caption = Life reconstruction
| image_caption = Life reconstruction
| regnum = [[Animalia]]
| genus = Huilatherium
⚫
| parent_authority = Villarroel & Guerrero, 1985
| divisio = [[Chordata]]
| species = pluriplicatum
| classis = [[Mammalia]]
| authority = Villarroel & Guerrero, 1985
| infraclassis = [[Placentalia]]
| ordo = [[Notoungulata]][[extinction|†]]
| subordo = [[Toxodonta]][[extinction|†]]
| familia = [[Leontiniidae]][[extinction|†]]
| genus = '''''Huilatherium'''''[[extinction|†]]
⚫
| genus_authority = Villarroel & Guerrero, 1985
| subdivision_ranks = species
| subdivision =
* ''Huilatherium pluriplicatum'' <small>Villarroel & Guerrero, 1985</small>
| synonyms =
| synonyms =
* "Laventatherium hylei" <small>Colwell, 1965 (thesis)</small><ref name= "Colwell">Colwell, J. 1965. ''A new notoungulate of the family Leontiniidae of the Miocene of Colombia''. Master's thesis, University of California, Berkeley.</ref>
* ''Laventatherium hylei'' <small>Colwell, 1965 (thesis)</small><ref name= "Colwell">Colwell, Jane (1965). ''A new notoungulate of the family Leontiniidae of the Miocene of Colombia''. Master's thesis, University of California, Berkeley.</ref>
}}
}}


'''''Huilatherium''''' is an extinct [[genus]] of [[Leontiniidae|leontiniid]], a group of hoofed mammals belonging to the order [[Notoungulata]], that comprising other [[South America]]n ungulates families that evolved in parallel with some mammals of the Northern hemisphere. The leontiinids were a family of herbivorous species comprising medium to large browsers,<ref>Bond, M. y López, G.M. 1995. Los Mamíferos de la Formación Casa Grande (Eoceno) de la Provincia de Jujuy, Argentina. ''Ameghiniana'' 32: 301-309.</ref> with relatively short skulls and robust limbs, somewhat similar to their relatives, the best known [[Toxodontidae|toxodontids]].
'''''Huilatherium''''' is an extinct [[genus]] of [[Leontiniidae|leontiniid]], a group of hoofed mammals belonging to the order [[Notoungulata]], that comprises other [[South America]]n ungulate families that evolved in parallel with some mammals of the Northern hemisphere. The leontiinids were a family of herbivorous species comprising medium to large browsers,<ref>Bond, M. y López, G.M. 1995. Los Mamíferos de la Formación Casa Grande (Eoceno) de la Provincia de Jujuy, Argentina. ''Ameghiniana'' 32: 301-309.</ref> with relatively short skulls and robust limbs, somewhat similar to their relatives, the best known [[Toxodontidae|toxodontids]].


== Etymology ==
⚫
''Huilatherium'' was discovered in [[Colombia]], in the fossil site of [[La Venta (Colombia)|La Venta]] in the [[department of Huila]], which takes its name (which means "Huila beast"), with a single species known so far, '''''H. pluriplicatum'''''. This species was initially described based in a left [[maxilla]]ry deciduous teeth of a juvenile, which was reported by Colwell in 1965 as possible leontiinid, to which she applied the scientific name of "Laventatherium hylei" ("beast of La Venta"),<ref name= "Colwell" /> but since she made his description in a master's thesis and it was never published, the authors Villarroel and Guerrero Díaz ignore this report and describe the material again, this time as ''Huilatherium'',<ref name= "Villarroel 1985">Villarroel, C. y Guerrero Díaz, J. 1985. Un nuevo y singular representante de la Familia Leontiniidae? (Notoungulata, Mammalia) en el Mioceno de La Venta, Colombia. ''Geología Norandina'' 9: 35-40.</ref> which despite being named after "Laventatherium" is the official name since the former does not satisfy the rules of the [[International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature]] for publication of scientific names.<ref name="Villarroel 1985" />
The name ''Huilatherium'' means "Beast from Huila".{{citation needed|date=November 2022}}


== Description ==
⚫
Later descriptions of the species reported additional material from adult individuals: other [[skull]] fragments, more teeth and some postcranial pieces, showing that it was an animal of up to 800 kilograms of weight, one of the largest of its kind living in the middle Miocene, about 12 million of years (in the [[Laventan]] [[SALMA]]), being specially notable for being the last and most specialized known member of his family.<ref name= Villarroel>Villarroel, C., y Coldwell Danis, J. 1997. A New leontiniid notoungulate. En: R.F. Kay, R.H. Madden, R.L. Cifelli y J.J. Flynn (eds.), ''Vertebrate Paleontology in the Neotropics. The Miocene Fauna of La Venta, Colombia''. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D.C. pp. 303-318.</ref> In the leontiinids, there is a gradual trend towards specialization of the teeth, where this is going developing more the incisors and appears a conspicuous [[Diastema (dentistry)|diastema]]. In ''Huilatherium'', the canine teeth are very reduced in size, reducing the number of anterior [[incisor]]s and developing tusk-like incisors.<ref>Villarroel A., CarlosS (1997): [http://www.revistas.unal.edu.co/index.php/geocol/article/viewFile/31452/31460 La Estructura de la Dentición Caduca de ''Huilatherium pluriplicatum'', Leontiniidae (Notoungulata) del Mioceno de Colombia]. ''Geología Colombiana'' Nr. 22, pgs. 139-149,3 Figs., 2 Láminas, Santafe de Bogotá.</ref> His features indicate a close relationship to ''[[Taubatherium|Taubatherium paulacoutoi]]'', a genus from the [[Oligocene]] of [[Tremembé Formation]] in [[Brazil]] with which form a separate [[clade]] of other species of the family,<ref>Deraco, García López y Poweell. Relaciones filogenéticas del leontínido ''Coquenia bondi'' Deraco et al. (Mammalia: Notoungulata) del Eoceno del noroeste argentino. ''Resúmenes de las XXIV Jornadas Argentinas de Paleontología de Vertebrados, San Rafael, Mendoza, Argentina''. Mayo, 2009.</ref> that are primarily known from sites of [[Paleogene]] in [[Argentina]] and this indicate how this family was displaced to the tropical north of South America as the climate changes contribute to the disappearing of the woodland environments on which they depended to live.<ref name= Villarroel/>
⚫
''Huilatherium'' was discovered in [[Colombia]], at the [[Lagerstätte|Konzentrat-Lagerstätte]] of [[La Venta (Colombia)|La Venta]] in the [[Honda Group, Colombia|Honda Group]] of [[Huila Department|Huila]]. So far, only a single species is known, '''''H. pluriplicatum'''''. This species was initially described based in a left [[maxilla]]ry deciduous teeth of a juvenile, which was reported by Jane Colwell in 1965 as a possible leontiinid, to which she applied the scientific name of ''Laventatherium hylei'' ("beast of La Venta"),<ref name= "Colwell" /> but since she made her description in a master's thesis and it was never published, the authors Villarroel and Guerrero Díaz ignored this report and described the material again, this time as ''Huilatherium''.<ref name= "Villarroel 1985">Villarroel, C. y Guerrero Díaz, J. 1985. Un nuevo y singular representante de la Familia Leontiniidae? (Notoungulata, Mammalia) en el Mioceno de La Venta, Colombia. ''Geología Norandina'' 9: 35-40.</ref> Despite being named after ''Laventatherium'', this is the official name since the former does not satisfy the rules of the [[International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature]] for publication of scientific names.<ref name="Villarroel 1985" /> ''Huilatherium'' lived during the [[Colloncuran]] and [[Laventan]] stages of the [[South American land mammal age]]s (SALMA), from approximately 16 to 11.8 Ma.<ref name=FWHuilatherium>[https://paleobiodb.org/classic/checkTaxonInfo?taxon_no=260060 ''Huilatherium''] at [[Fossilworks]].org</ref>

== Paleobiology ==
⚫
Later descriptions of the species reported additional material from adult individuals: other [[skull]] fragments, more teeth and some postcranial pieces, showing that it was an animal of up to {{convert|800|kg|lb}}, one of the largest of its kind living in the middle Miocene, about 12 million of years (in the [[Laventan]] [[SALMA]]), being specially notable for being the last and most specialized known member of his family.<ref name= Villarroel>Villarroel, C., y Coldwell Danis, J. 1997. A New leontiniid notoungulate. En: R.F. Kay, R.H. Madden, R.L. Cifelli y J.J. Flynn (eds.), ''Vertebrate Paleontology in the Neotropics. The Miocene Fauna of La Venta, Colombia''. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D.C. pp. 303–318.</ref> In the leontiinids, there is a gradual trend towards specialization of the teeth, where this is going developing more the incisors and appears a conspicuous [[Diastema (dentistry)|diastema]]. In ''Huilatherium'', the canine teeth are very reduced in size, reducing the number of anterior [[incisor]]s and developing tusk-like incisors.<ref>Villarroel A., CarlosS (1997): [http://www.revistas.unal.edu.co/index.php/geocol/article/viewFile/31452/31460 La Estructura de la Dentición Caduca de ''Huilatherium pluriplicatum'', Leontiniidae (Notoungulata) del Mioceno de Colombia]. ''Geología Colombiana'' Nr. 22, pgs. 139-149,3 Figs., 2 Láminas, Santafe de Bogotá.</ref> These features indicate a close relationship to ''[[Taubatherium|Taubatherium paulacoutoi]]'', a genus from the [[Oligocene]] of [[Tremembé Formation]] in [[Brazil]] with which form a separate [[clade]] from other species of the family,<ref>Deraco, García López y Poweell. Relaciones filogenéticas del leontínido ''Coquenia bondi'' Deraco et al. (Mammalia: Notoungulata) del Eoceno del noroeste argentino. ''Resúmenes de las XXIV Jornadas Argentinas de Paleontología de Vertebrados, San Rafael, Mendoza, Argentina''. Mayo, 2009.</ref> that are primarily known from sites of [[Paleogene]] in [[Argentina]] and this indicate how this family was displaced to the tropical north of South America as the climate changes contribute to the disappearing of the woodland environments on which they depended to live.<ref name= Villarroel/>


== References ==
== References ==
{{reflist}}
{{Reflist}}


== External links ==
== External links ==
[http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/tertiary/mio/lagallery.html Website of the Museum of Paloentology of the University of California about La Venta, including photos of ''Huilatherium'']
* [http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/tertiary/mio/lagallery.html Website of the Museum of Paleontology of the University of California about La Venta, including photos of ''Huilatherium'']

{{Meridiungulata|N.|state=collapsed}}
{{Paleontology in Colombia|state=collapsed}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q5904741}}


[[Category:Notoungulates]]
[[Category:Toxodonts]]
[[Category:Miocene mammals]]
[[Category:Miocene mammals of South America]]
[[Category:Extinct mammals of South America]]
[[Category:Colloncuran]]
[[Category:Laventan]]
[[Category:Neogene Colombia]]
[[Category:Fossils of Colombia]]
[[Category:Honda Group, Colombia]]
[[Category:Fossil taxa described in 1985]]
[[Category:Prehistoric placental genera]]

Latest revision as of 07:32, 18 November 2024

Huilatherium
Temporal range: Mid Miocene (Colloncuran-Laventan)
~15.9–11.8 Ma
↓
Life reconstruction
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order: †Notoungulata
Family: †Leontiniidae
Genus: †Huilatherium
Villarroel & Guerrero, 1985
Species:
†H. pluriplicatum
Binomial name
†Huilatherium pluriplicatum
Villarroel & Guerrero, 1985
Synonyms
  • Laventatherium hylei Colwell, 1965 (thesis)[1]

Huilatherium is an extinct genus of leontiniid, a group of hoofed mammals belonging to the order Notoungulata, that comprises other South American ungulate families that evolved in parallel with some mammals of the Northern hemisphere. The leontiinids were a family of herbivorous species comprising medium to large browsers,[2] with relatively short skulls and robust limbs, somewhat similar to their relatives, the best known toxodontids.

Etymology

[edit]

The name Huilatherium means "Beast from Huila".[citation needed]

Description

[edit]

Huilatherium was discovered in Colombia, at the Konzentrat-Lagerstätte of La Venta in the Honda Group of Huila. So far, only a single species is known, H. pluriplicatum. This species was initially described based in a left maxillary deciduous teeth of a juvenile, which was reported by Jane Colwell in 1965 as a possible leontiinid, to which she applied the scientific name of Laventatherium hylei ("beast of La Venta"),[1] but since she made her description in a master's thesis and it was never published, the authors Villarroel and Guerrero Díaz ignored this report and described the material again, this time as Huilatherium.[3] Despite being named after Laventatherium, this is the official name since the former does not satisfy the rules of the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature for publication of scientific names.[3] Huilatherium lived during the Colloncuran and Laventan stages of the South American land mammal ages (SALMA), from approximately 16 to 11.8 Ma.[4]

Paleobiology

[edit]

Later descriptions of the species reported additional material from adult individuals: other skull fragments, more teeth and some postcranial pieces, showing that it was an animal of up to 800 kilograms (1,800 lb), one of the largest of its kind living in the middle Miocene, about 12 million of years (in the Laventan SALMA), being specially notable for being the last and most specialized known member of his family.[5] In the leontiinids, there is a gradual trend towards specialization of the teeth, where this is going developing more the incisors and appears a conspicuous diastema. In Huilatherium, the canine teeth are very reduced in size, reducing the number of anterior incisors and developing tusk-like incisors.[6] These features indicate a close relationship to Taubatherium paulacoutoi, a genus from the Oligocene of Tremembé Formation in Brazil with which form a separate clade from other species of the family,[7] that are primarily known from sites of Paleogene in Argentina and this indicate how this family was displaced to the tropical north of South America as the climate changes contribute to the disappearing of the woodland environments on which they depended to live.[5]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b Colwell, Jane (1965). A new notoungulate of the family Leontiniidae of the Miocene of Colombia. Master's thesis, University of California, Berkeley.
  2. ^ Bond, M. y López, G.M. 1995. Los Mamíferos de la Formación Casa Grande (Eoceno) de la Provincia de Jujuy, Argentina. Ameghiniana 32: 301-309.
  3. ^ a b Villarroel, C. y Guerrero Díaz, J. 1985. Un nuevo y singular representante de la Familia Leontiniidae? (Notoungulata, Mammalia) en el Mioceno de La Venta, Colombia. Geología Norandina 9: 35-40.
  4. ^ Huilatherium at Fossilworks.org
  5. ^ a b Villarroel, C., y Coldwell Danis, J. 1997. A New leontiniid notoungulate. En: R.F. Kay, R.H. Madden, R.L. Cifelli y J.J. Flynn (eds.), Vertebrate Paleontology in the Neotropics. The Miocene Fauna of La Venta, Colombia. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D.C. pp. 303–318.
  6. ^ Villarroel A., CarlosS (1997): La Estructura de la Dentición Caduca de Huilatherium pluriplicatum, Leontiniidae (Notoungulata) del Mioceno de Colombia. Geología Colombiana Nr. 22, pgs. 139-149,3 Figs., 2 Láminas, Santafe de Bogotá.
  7. ^ Deraco, García López y Poweell. Relaciones filogenéticas del leontínido Coquenia bondi Deraco et al. (Mammalia: Notoungulata) del Eoceno del noroeste argentino. Resúmenes de las XXIV Jornadas Argentinas de Paleontología de Vertebrados, San Rafael, Mendoza, Argentina. Mayo, 2009.
[edit]
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