用户:TranslatorX/萨德费伦齐

萨德·费伦齐（英语：Sándor Ferenczi，1873年7月7日—1933年5月22日），匈牙利精神分析学家，精神分析学派的重要理论家，是西格蒙德·弗洛伊德的亲密伙伴。

费伦齐的主要思想

“语言混淆”创伤理论

费伦齐认为，童年的长期过度刺激、亲情剥夺或移情失败（海因茨·科胡特（英语：Heinz Kohut）对这一术语作了进一步的阐述）所造成的持续创伤性影响，是导致神经质、性格障碍、边缘性人格障碍和精神病的原因。根据这一概念，创伤是由于父母或权威人物性引诱儿童形成的结果。当孩子假装是父母的配偶时，出现语言混淆（英语：confusion of tongues）。病态的成人按照成人“热情的语言”来诠释儿童幼稚而天真的游戏，然后强迫孩子顺从他的热情的语言。成人使用孩子不了解的语言，并用成人扭曲的观点诠释孩子的天真游戏（孩子的幼稚语言）。例如，一位父亲正在和他的年幼女儿玩耍。在他们共同的游戏中，她提出让父亲担任她丈夫的角色，并希望他和她睡觉，就像他和她母亲睡觉一样。病态的父亲扭曲地解读了这个幼稚的提议，在他们在床上睡觉的时候，用不恰当的方式触碰了女儿。在这里，孩子使用她天真幼稚的语言，而父亲则用他热情的成人性语言扭曲解读了她的提议。这个成人还试图让孩子相信，成人身上的情欲真的是孩子所渴求的爱。费伦齐将创伤的概念概括为情绪忽略、身体上的不当对待和移情失败。这些暴力的显眼表现就是性虐待。

延伸阅读

• Ferenczi's Turn in Psychoanalysis, Peter L. Rudnytsky, New York University Press, 2000, Paperback, 450 pages, ISBN 0-8147-7545-4
• Final Contributions to the Problems & Methods of Psycho-Analysis, Sandor Ferenczi, H. Karnac Books, Limited, Hardback, 1994, ISBN 1-85575-087-2.
• Development of Psychoanalysis (Classics in Psychoanalysis, Monograph 4), Otto Rank and Sandor Ferenczi, International Universities Press, Inc, 1986, Hardback, ISBN 0-8236-1197-3.
• First Contributions to Psycho-Analysis, Sandor Ferenczi, translated by Ernest Jones, H. Karnac Books, Limited, 1994, Hardback, ISBN 1-85575-085-6.
• Sandor Ferenczi: Reconsidering Active Intervention, Martin Stanton, Jason Aronson Publishers, 1991, Hardcover, 1991, ISBN 0-87668-569-6.
• Legacy of Sandor Ferenczi, Edited by Adrienne Harris and Lewis Aron, Analytic Press, 1996, Hardback, ISBN 0-88163-149-3.
• The Legacy of Sandor Ferenczi: From Ghost to Ancestor. Edited by Adrienne Harris and Steven Kuchuck, Routledge, 2015, Paperback, ISBN 1138820121
• Jiménez Avello, José. Para leer a Ferenczi. Madrid: Biblioteca Nueva,1998
• Jiménez Avello, José . L’île des rêves de Sándor Ferenczi. Paris: campagneprmiere/, 2013 (La isla de sueños de Sándor Ferenczi. Madrid: Biblioteca Nueva, 2006)ISBN 978-2-9157-8989-8
• Antonelli, Giorgio, Il Mare di Ferenczi, Di Renzo Editore, Roma, 1996 ISBN 88-86044-44-5
• Keve, Tom. Triad: The Physicists, the Analysts, the Kabbalists. London: Rosenberger & Krausz. 2000. ISBN 0-95362190-1. 
• Paul Roazen: Elma Laurvik, Ferenczi's Step-Daughter from the pages of PSYCHOMEDIA
• The Correspondence of Sigmund Freud and Sándor Ferenczi, Volume 1, 1908-1914, Harvard University Press
• The Correspondence of Sigmund Freud and Sándor Ferenczi, Volume 2, 1914-1919, Harvard University Press
• The Correspondence of Sigmund Freud and Sándor Ferenczi, Volume 3, 1920-1933, Harvard University Press
• The Clinical Diary of Sándor Ferenczi, by Sándor Ferenczi. Edited by Judith Dupont, translated by Michael Balint and Nicola Zarday Jackson, Harvard University Press. ISBN 0-674-13527-X
• Kramer, Robert. The Birth of Client-Centered Therapy: Carl Rogers, Otto Rank, and "The Beyond". Journal of Humanistic Psychology. 1995, 35 (4): 54–110. doi:10.1177/00221678950354005. 
• Ferenczi, Sándor. XV. Technical Difficulties in the Analysis of a Case of Hysteria1 (Including Observations on Larval Forms cf Onanism and 'Onanistic Equivalents') [pp. 189—198]. Further contributions to the theory and technique of psychoanalysis. 由Suttie, Jane Isabel翻译. Compiled by John Rickman. London: Karnac Books. 1994 [1919]. ISBN 1-85575086-4. 
• Rachman, Arnold William. Sandor Ferenczi's contributions to the evolution of psychoanalysis. Psychoanalytic Psychology. 2007, 24 (1): 74–96. doi:10.1037/0736-9735.24.1.74. 
• Wolman, Beniamin Binem. International Encyclopedia of Psychiatry, Psychology, Psychoanalysis and Neurology 5. New York City: Aesculapius Publishers. 1977. 

外部链接

• Ferenczi Institute
• Biography at the Sándor Ferenczi Society, Budapest
• At the Frontier of Psychoanalytic Understanding, Academy for the Study of the Psychoanalytic Arts, article written by Judith E. Vida